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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

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An Abridgement of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah),

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Authored by Sheikh Musa Rashid Al-Azimi,

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May Allah preserve him.

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The Expedition of Khaybar.

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The expedition of Khaybar took place three nights after the expedition of Dhi Qarad,

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In the month of Muharram in the seventh year after the Hijrah.

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Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih

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On the authority of Salamah Ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him) who said:

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"By Allah, we stayed only three nights

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Before marching out to Khaybar with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."

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Al-Hafiz said in al-Talkhis al-Habir:

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"As for the expedition of Khaybar occurring in the seventh year,

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It is the well-known view held by the vast majority of scholars of the military expeditions."

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The Cause of this Expedition.

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Khaybar had become a hotbed of intrigue and conspiracies against the Muslims,

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Inhabited exclusively by Jews.

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They were the ones who mobilized the allied confederates to eradicate the Muslims in the Battle of the Trench;

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They incited the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayzah to break their treaty with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) during the Battle of the Trench;

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They attempted to assassinate the Prophet (peace be upon him);

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And they actively supplied Quraysh with funds and weapons in their military campaigns against the Muslims.

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Thus, it was imperative to eliminate this malignant thorn,

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Which was one of the prime causes behind the loss of safety, security, and stability

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Around the Prophet's city of Madinah and throughout the entire region.

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The Divine Promise of the Conquest of Khaybar.

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Allah, Glorified be He, promised His Messenger (peace be upon him) and the believers the conquest of Khaybar in His Noble Book,

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And He designated its spoils exclusively for the attendees of al-Hudaybiyyah.

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Glorified and Exalted be He, He said:

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“Allah promiseth you much booty that ye will capture, and hath given you this in advance, and hath withheld men's hands from you, that it may be a token for the believers, and that He may guide you on a right path.” (48:20)

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"And He has hastened this for you."

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Mujahid said:

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"Regarding His words, Exalted be He:

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'And He has hastened this for you,'

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It means: He has hastened Khaybar for you."

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In his Tafsir of this verse, Imam Ibn Jarir al-Tabari said,

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After citing the various scholarly opinions regarding it:

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"And the most correct of these opinions in its interpretation

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Is the view stated by Mujahid,

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Namely that what Allah rewarded them with from that march of theirs, alongside the imminent conquest,

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Was the abundant spoils from the spoils of Khaybar.

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For the Muslims had not gained any spoils after al-Hudaybiyyah,

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Nor had they accomplished any conquest closer in time to their pledge to the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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At al-Hudaybiyyah

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Than the conquest of Khaybar and its spoils."

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And He, Glorified and Exalted be He, said:

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"Those who remained behind will say,

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When you set out to take the spoils:

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'Allow us to follow you.'

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“Those who were left behind will say, when ye set forth to capture booty: Let us go with you. They fain would change the verdict of Allah. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye shall not go with us. Thus hath Allah said beforehand. Then they will say: Ye are envious of us. Nay, but they understand not, save a little.” (48:15)

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Say: 'You shall not follow us;

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Thus has Allah declared beforehand.'

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Then they will say: 'Rather, you envy us.'"

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“Those who were left behind will say, when ye set forth to capture booty: Let us go with you. They fain would change the verdict of Allah. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye shall not go with us. Thus hath Allah said beforehand. Then they will say: Ye are envious of us. Nay, but they understand not, save a little.” (48:15)

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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said:

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"The Exalted reveals concerning the bedouins who stayed behind and failed to join the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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During the expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah,

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That when the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his Companions set out to conquer Khaybar,

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They asked to accompany them merely to gain the spoils,

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Even though they had abandoned the duty of fighting, battling, and persevering against the enemies.

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So Allah commanded His Messenger (peace be upon him) not to grant them permission to do so,

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As a penalty fitting the nature of their sin.

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For Allah Almighty promised the spoils of Khaybar exclusively to the attendees of al-Hudaybiyyah,

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Allowing none of those bedouins who stayed behind to share in them,

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So that nothing contrary to that could occur, both by divine law and by divine decree.

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That is why He said:

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“Those who were left behind will say, when ye set forth to capture booty: Let us go with you. They fain would change the verdict of Allah. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Ye shall not go with us. Thus hath Allah said beforehand. Then they will say: Ye are envious of us. Nay, but they understand not, save a little.” (48:15)

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Mujahid, Qatadah, and Juwaybir said:

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'It refers to the promise which He made to the attendees of al-Hudaybiyyah,'

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And this was the view chosen by Ibn Jarir."

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The Prophet's Departure for Khaybar.

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There marched out with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) on this expedition

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Everyone who had participated with him in the expedition of al-Hudaybiyyah,

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Except those among them who had passed away, may Allah be pleased with them all.

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He appointed Siba' Ibn 'Urfutah al-Ghifari (may Allah be pleased with him) in charge of Madinah.

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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived in Madinah as an emigrant

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Just after the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had set out for Khaybar.

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He arrived in the presence of Siba' Ibn 'Urfutah during the Fajr prayer.

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Imam Ahmad in his Musnad and al-Hakim in his Mustadrak recorded with an authentic chain

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said:

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"When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) departed for Khaybar,

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He left Siba' Ibn 'Urfutah al-Ghifari in charge.

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We arrived and joined him in the Fajr prayer;

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In the first rak'ah he recited Surah Maryam,

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And in the second, Surah al-Mutaffifin.

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So I said to myself: 'Woe to so-and-so's father!

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He has two measuring vessels: one with which he demands full measure, and another with which he gives less!'

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We then went to Siba' Ibn 'Urfutah,

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Who provided us with provisions, and we caught up with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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A day before the conquest, or a day after it."

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The Prophet's March to Khaybar.

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) set forth with his army toward Khaybar,

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And several incidents occurred while they were en route.

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Among them was his praying while mounted upon his riding beast.

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Imam Muslim and Imam Ahmad narrated from Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) who said:

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"I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) praying atop a donkey

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While he was heading toward Khaybar."

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Imam al-Qurtubi said:

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"Scholars are unanimous that it is unlawful for a healthy person to offer an obligatory prayer except on the ground,

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Save in the specific situation of intense fear during combat."

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Second: The Chanted Verses of 'Amir Ibn al-Akwa' (may Allah be pleased with him).

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The two Shaykhs recorded in their Sahihs on the authority of Salamah Ibn al-Akwa' who said:

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"We went out with the Prophet (peace be upon him) to Khaybar,

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And we journeyed during the night.

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A man from the group said to 'Amir:

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'O 'Amir! Will you not let us hear some of your poetry?'

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Meaning his rhythmic camel-driving chants.

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And 'Amir was a poet.

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So he dismounted and began chanting for the company,

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Saying:

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'O Allah! Were it not for You, we would not have been guided,

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Nor given zakat, nor prayed.

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So forgive—may we be sacrificed for Your cause—what we have committed,

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And make our feet firm when we meet the enemy.

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And send down tranquility upon us,

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For indeed, if they shout out against us in aggression, we refuse to yield,

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Even if they summon all their allies against us.'

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked:

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'Who is this camel driver?'

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They replied: ''Amir Ibn al-Akwa'.'

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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'May Allah have mercy upon him.'

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A man from among the people said:

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'Martyrdom has become certain for him, O Prophet of Allah!

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If only you had let us enjoy his companionship longer!'

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Imam Muslim added in his Sahih:

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Salamah said:

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'And whenever he (peace be upon him) prayed for forgiveness

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For a person specifically,

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That person was invariably martyred.'"

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An Abridgement of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).

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Though yearning among creation for one another may endure,

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The yearning for you knows no bound or measure.

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May Allah send blessings upon you as long as dew ascends,

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And as long as lips move with the praise that ever remains.