WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.299 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.299 --> 00:00:08.199 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.199 --> 00:00:12.789 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.789 --> 00:00:19.219 Surah al-Mutaffifin (The Defrauders). 00:00:19.219 --> 00:00:22.719 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.719 --> 00:00:26.719 Woe to those who give less than due. 00:00:26.719 --> 00:00:33.020 “Those who when they take the measure from mankind demand it full,” (83:2) 00:00:33.020 --> 00:00:39.020 “But if they measure unto them or weight for them, they cause them loss.” (83:3) 00:00:39.020 --> 00:00:44.979 It is the valley of the pus flowing from the inhabitants of Hell, located at its lowest depths. 00:00:44.979 --> 00:00:51.479 For those who diminish the rights of people and cheat them in their measures when they measure for them. 00:00:51.479 --> 00:00:54.479 Or their scales when they weigh for them. 00:00:54.479 --> 00:00:57.509 Withholding the full measure that is due to them. 00:00:57.509 --> 00:01:02.009 Those who, when they take a measure from people for a right they are owed. 00:01:02.009 --> 00:01:06.510 They demand it in full, receiving their due measure completely. 00:01:06.510 --> 00:01:11.510 Yet when they measure or weigh for others, they give them less than what is due. 00:01:11.510 --> 00:01:20.400 “Do such (men) not consider that they will be raised again” (83:4) 00:01:20.400 --> 00:01:22.900 For a momentous Day. 00:01:22.900 --> 00:01:29.400 “The day when (all) mankind stand before the Lord of the Worlds?” (83:6) 00:01:29.400 --> 00:01:36.650 Do these defrauders of people in their measures and scales not think? 00:01:36.650 --> 00:01:40.650 That they will be resurrected from their graves after their death? 00:01:40.650 --> 00:01:45.650 For a Day whose affair is momentous, whose matter is grave, and whose terror is horrific. 00:01:45.650 --> 00:01:53.519 “Nay, but the record of the vile is in Sijjin -” (83:7) 00:01:53.519 --> 00:01:57.519 “Ah! what will convey unto thee what Sijjin is! -” (83:8) 00:01:57.519 --> 00:02:01.519 A written record. 00:02:01.519 --> 00:02:07.019 Woe, that Day, to the deniers. 00:02:07.019 --> 00:02:11.520 “Those who deny the Day of Judgment” (83:11) 00:02:11.520 --> 00:02:17.520 “Which none denieth save each criminal transgressor,” (83:12) 00:02:17.520 --> 00:02:24.520 When Our verses are recited to him, he says, "Legends of the former peoples." 00:02:24.520 --> 00:02:33.379 No, the matter is not as these disbelievers think—that they will not be resurrected or punished. 00:02:33.379 --> 00:02:41.379 Indeed, the record of their deeds, in which their worldly actions were inscribed, is in Sijjin. 00:02:41.379 --> 00:02:44.379 Which is the seventh, lowest earth. 00:02:44.379 --> 00:02:48.409 And what can make you know, O Muhammad, what that record is? 00:02:48.409 --> 00:02:52.409 Then the Almighty, whose mention is exalted, explained it, saying: 00:02:52.409 --> 00:02:54.409 A written record. 00:02:54.409 --> 00:02:58.409 Woe, that Day, to those who deny these verses. 00:02:58.409 --> 00:03:02.409 Those who deny the Day of Recompense and Judgment. 00:03:02.409 --> 00:03:06.409 And none denies the Day of Judgment except every transgressor. 00:03:06.409 --> 00:03:10.409 Who transgresses against Allah in his speech and opposes His command. 00:03:10.409 --> 00:03:12.409 Sinful toward his Lord. 00:03:12.409 --> 00:03:18.409 When Our proofs and evidences, which We clarified in Our Book, are recited to him. 00:03:18.409 --> 00:03:22.409 The Book which We sent down to Muhammad, peace be upon him. 00:03:22.409 --> 00:03:28.409 He says, "These are but the tales of the ancients," which they wrote down from hadiths and reports. 00:03:28.409 --> 00:03:37.280 “Nay, but that which they have earned is rust upon their hearts.” (83:14) 00:03:37.280 --> 00:03:45.280 “Nay, but surely on that day they will be covered from (the mercy of) their Lord.” (83:15) 00:03:45.280 --> 00:03:51.199 Indeed, they will be cast into Hell. 00:03:51.199 --> 00:03:58.650 It will be said, "This is what you used to deny." 00:03:58.650 --> 00:04:02.610 No, the matter is not as they claim. 00:04:02.610 --> 00:04:08.610 Rather, their sins have stained their hearts, overcoming and engulfing them. 00:04:08.610 --> 00:04:11.610 Their sins have surrounded them and covered them. 00:04:11.610 --> 00:04:16.800 The matter is not as these deniers of the Day of Resurrection say. 00:04:16.800 --> 00:04:19.800 That they have a position of closeness with Allah. 00:04:19.800 --> 00:04:24.800 Indeed, on that Day, they will be veiled from their Lord, so they will not see Him. 00:04:24.800 --> 00:04:28.800 Nor will they see any of His honor reaching them. 00:04:28.800 --> 00:04:33.800 Then, they will surely enter Hell and be roasted therein. 00:04:33.800 --> 00:04:37.839 Then it will be said to these deniers of the Day of Judgment: 00:04:37.839 --> 00:04:40.839 "This punishment that you are in today," 00:04:40.839 --> 00:04:46.839 "Is the punishment that you used to claim in the world you would taste." 00:04:46.839 --> 00:04:49.839 While you were denying it and rejecting it. 00:04:49.839 --> 00:04:53.839 "So taste it now, for you have been scorched by it." 00:04:53.839 --> 00:05:01.759 No, indeed, the record of the righteous is in 'Illiyyun. 00:05:01.759 --> 00:05:05.759 And what can make you know what 'Illiyyun is? 00:05:05.759 --> 00:05:09.759 A written record. 00:05:09.759 --> 00:05:13.759 Witnessed by those brought near. 00:05:13.759 --> 00:05:22.370 No, indeed, the record of the righteous—those who were dutiful to Allah by performing His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions— 00:05:22.370 --> 00:05:24.370 Is in a place of loftiness and elevation. 00:05:24.370 --> 00:05:29.370 In a heaven above a heaven, and a height above a height. 00:05:29.370 --> 00:05:33.500 And what can make you know, O Muhammad, what 'Illiyyun is? 00:05:33.500 --> 00:05:41.500 A written record, containing a guarantee from Allah for them against the Fire on the Day of Resurrection and their success in entering Paradise. 00:05:41.500 --> 00:05:48.500 This record, written with Allah’s guarantee for the righteous among His servants against the Fire and for their success in Paradise, is witnessed by: 00:05:48.500 --> 00:05:54.500 The angels brought near to Him from every one of the seven heavens. 00:05:54.500 --> 00:06:00.839 Indeed, the righteous will be in bliss. 00:06:00.839 --> 00:06:05.839 On thrones, observing. 00:06:05.839 --> 00:06:12.639 You will recognize in their faces the radiance of bliss. 00:06:12.639 --> 00:06:16.639 They will be given to drink of a pure, sealed wine. 00:06:16.639 --> 00:06:19.639 The seal of which is musk. 00:06:19.639 --> 00:06:24.639 “Whose seal is musk - for this let (all) those strive who strive for bliss -” (83:26) 00:06:24.639 --> 00:06:29.639 And its mixture is from Tasnim. 00:06:29.639 --> 00:06:35.639 “A spring whence those brought near (to Allah) drink.” (83:28) 00:06:35.639 --> 00:06:42.600 Indeed, the righteous—those who were dutiful by fearing Allah and performing His obligations— 00:06:42.600 --> 00:06:47.600 Will be in everlasting bliss that does not cease on the Day of Resurrection. 00:06:47.600 --> 00:06:50.600 That is their bliss in the Gardens. 00:06:50.600 --> 00:06:54.600 On couches within pavilions of pearl and chrysolite. 00:06:54.600 --> 00:07:00.600 Looking at the honor, bliss, and joy that Allah has granted them in the Gardens. 00:07:00.600 --> 00:07:06.600 You will recognize in the righteous, whom Allah has described, the radiance of bliss. 00:07:06.600 --> 00:07:10.600 Meaning its beauty, luster, and brilliance. 00:07:10.600 --> 00:07:15.600 They are given this pure wine, unadulterated. 00:07:15.600 --> 00:07:20.600 Its end and final result is musk, for it is pleasant in scent. 00:07:20.600 --> 00:07:25.600 Its scent at the end of their drinking is sealed with the fragrance of musk. 00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:33.670 And in this bliss, which the Almighty has described as what He gives these righteous ones in the Resurrection, 00:07:33.670 --> 00:07:38.670 Let people strive for it, and toward it let them compete in seeking it. 00:07:38.670 --> 00:07:42.670 Let their souls be eager for it; and the mixture of this pure wine— 00:07:42.670 --> 00:07:47.670 Is from a spring that descends upon them from above. 00:07:47.670 --> 00:07:53.670 Those brought near to Allah drink it pure, and it is mixed for the people of Paradise. 00:07:53.670 --> 00:08:03.269 “Lo! the guilty used to laugh at those who believed,” (83:29) 00:08:03.269 --> 00:08:08.269 “And wink one to another when they passed them;” (83:30) 00:08:08.269 --> 00:08:15.269 “And when they returned to their own folk, they returned jesting;” (83:31) 00:08:15.269 --> 00:08:22.269 And when they saw them, they said, "Indeed, these are astray." 00:08:22.269 --> 00:08:29.730 “Yet they were not sent as guardians over them.” (83:33) 00:08:29.730 --> 00:08:35.559 Indeed, those who committed sins and disbelieved in Allah in the world, 00:08:35.559 --> 00:08:41.559 Used to laugh at those who affirmed the oneness of Allah and believed in Him. 00:08:41.559 --> 00:08:44.559 Mocking them. 00:08:44.559 --> 00:08:49.559 And when those who committed crimes passed by the believers, 00:08:49.559 --> 00:08:54.559 Some of them would wink at others in mockery and derision. 00:08:54.559 --> 00:09:00.559 And when these criminals returned to their families from their gatherings, 00:09:00.559 --> 00:09:03.559 They returned feeling delighted and self-satisfied. 00:09:03.559 --> 00:09:07.559 And when the criminals saw the believers, they said to them: 00:09:07.559 --> 00:09:12.559 "Indeed, these are astray from the path of truth and the straight way." 00:09:12.559 --> 00:09:15.559 Yet these disbelievers were not sent— 00:09:15.559 --> 00:09:19.559 Those who say to the believers, "Indeed, these are astray"— 00:09:19.559 --> 00:09:22.559 As guardians over their deeds. 00:09:22.559 --> 00:09:27.559 They were only tasked with believing in Allah and acting in obedience to Him. 00:09:27.559 --> 00:09:30.559 And they were not made overseers over others, 00:09:30.559 --> 00:09:34.559 To watch over their deeds and scrutinize them. 00:09:54.159 --> 00:09:58.159 So on the Day of Resurrection, those who believed in Allah in the world, 00:09:58.159 --> 00:10:00.159 Will laugh at the disbelievers. 00:10:00.159 --> 00:10:03.159 While they are on their thrones in the pavilions, 00:10:03.159 --> 00:10:06.159 Looking at them while they are in Paradise, 00:10:06.159 --> 00:10:09.159 And the disbelievers are being punished in the Fire. 00:10:09.159 --> 00:10:15.159 Have the disbelievers been rewarded for what they used to do in the world to the believers? 00:10:15.159 --> 00:10:19.159 By their mockery of them and their laughter at them, 00:10:19.159 --> 00:10:22.159 With the laughter of the believers at them in the Hereafter?