WEBVTT 00:00:01.419 --> 00:00:07.419 The story of the Hajj of our Mother ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her. 00:00:07.419 --> 00:00:16.899 The first steps in changing the customs of the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era) regarding Hajj. 00:00:16.899 --> 00:00:22.899 We may not fully grasp the magnitude of the difficulties the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, faced 00:00:22.899 --> 00:00:26.899 in changing certain practices of the Jahiliyyah upon which people had been raised 00:00:26.899 --> 00:00:29.899 and which had become firmly rooted in their souls. 00:00:29.899 --> 00:00:32.899 This is because we were born into Islam, 00:00:32.899 --> 00:00:37.899 and the teachings of the Prophet, peace be upon him, have become firmly established in the hearts of Muslims, 00:00:37.899 --> 00:00:40.899 even if we fall short in implementing them. 00:00:40.899 --> 00:00:44.289 Yet, we know that they are the truth. 00:00:44.289 --> 00:00:48.289 Islam came to eradicate the Jahiliyyah from the hearts of people 00:00:48.289 --> 00:00:53.289 and to cultivate souls in the worship of Allah alone, with no partner. 00:00:53.289 --> 00:00:58.350 If we were to trace the verses and rulings in the Noble Qur’an 00:00:58.350 --> 00:01:00.350 that were revealed to invalidate the practices of the Jahiliyyah, 00:01:00.350 --> 00:01:03.350 we would find a great number of them. 00:01:03.350 --> 00:01:08.450 Changing the issues and perceptions of the Jahiliyyah was not all at the same level; 00:01:08.450 --> 00:01:11.450 some were more difficult than others. 00:01:11.450 --> 00:01:15.540 By tracing the Prophetic biography, 00:01:15.540 --> 00:01:19.540 we find that the major issues and beliefs of the Jahiliyyah, 00:01:19.540 --> 00:01:24.540 which were deeply rooted in people’s souls and considered by them to be religion, 00:01:24.540 --> 00:01:28.540 and whose violation or opposition was considered a grave matter, 00:01:28.540 --> 00:01:34.540 we find that Allah entrusted their transformation during the life of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:01:34.540 --> 00:01:36.540 to his personal life first, 00:01:36.540 --> 00:01:38.540 then the people followed him. 00:01:38.540 --> 00:01:40.540 Examples include the abolition of adoption 00:01:40.540 --> 00:01:43.540 and the marriage to the divorced wife of an adopted son, 00:01:43.540 --> 00:01:45.540 which was considered even more severe than adoption itself. 00:01:45.540 --> 00:01:47.540 Allah the Almighty said: 00:01:47.540 --> 00:01:51.540 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:55.540 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:01:55.540 --> 00:01:57.540 "And fear Allah," 00:01:57.540 --> 00:02:01.540 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:02:01.540 --> 00:02:06.540 "and you feared the people," 00:02:06.540 --> 00:02:11.539 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:02:11.539 --> 00:02:16.539 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:02:16.539 --> 00:02:20.539 "We gave her to you in marriage," 00:02:20.539 --> 00:02:28.539 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:02:28.539 --> 00:02:34.539 “And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.” (33:37) 00:02:34.539 --> 00:02:38.539 "And the command of Allah is ever performed." 00:02:38.539 --> 00:02:41.060 Among these issues 00:02:41.060 --> 00:02:47.060 was performing ‘Umrah alongside the Hajj rituals in a single journey during the months of Hajj, 00:02:47.060 --> 00:02:53.060 which the people of the Jahiliyyah—the Arab disbelievers who venerated the Sacred House—considered 00:02:53.060 --> 00:02:56.060 to be one of the most wicked of sins. 00:02:56.060 --> 00:02:59.090 Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: 00:02:59.090 --> 00:03:03.090 "This tribe of Quraysh and those who followed their religion 00:03:03.090 --> 00:03:09.090 used to consider ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj to be the most wicked of sins on earth. 00:03:09.090 --> 00:03:14.090 They would forbid ‘Umrah until Dhu al-Hijjah and Muharram had passed, 00:03:14.090 --> 00:03:17.090 and they would designate Muharram as Safar. 00:03:17.090 --> 00:03:23.090 They would say: 'When the camel’s back heals, the tracks are erased, and Safar passes, 00:03:23.090 --> 00:03:26.090 ‘Umrah becomes permissible for those who wish to perform it.'" 00:03:26.090 --> 00:03:32.409 This difficulty in changing this perception is evident among those who embraced Islam from the Arabs 00:03:32.409 --> 00:03:37.409 and lived with the Prophet, peace be upon him, and were raised under his guidance. 00:03:37.409 --> 00:03:41.409 In the hadith of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:03:41.409 --> 00:03:43.409 he said: 00:03:43.409 --> 00:03:48.409 "They used to consider ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj to be the most wicked of sins on earth, 00:03:48.409 --> 00:03:51.409 and they would designate Muharram as Safar, 00:03:51.409 --> 00:04:00.409 and they would say: 'When the camel’s back heals, the tracks are erased, and Safar passes, ‘Umrah becomes permissible for those who wish to perform it.'" 00:04:00.409 --> 00:04:07.629 The Prophet, peace be upon him, and his Companions arrived on the morning of the fourth [of Dhu al-Hijjah] having entered into the state of ihram for Hajj, 00:04:07.629 --> 00:04:10.629 and he commanded them to turn it into an ‘Umrah. 00:04:10.629 --> 00:04:13.629 They found this to be a grave matter. 00:04:13.629 --> 00:04:17.629 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, what kind of release?" 00:04:17.629 --> 00:04:20.819 He replied, "A complete release." 00:04:20.819 --> 00:04:23.819 His statement in this agreed-upon hadith, 00:04:23.819 --> 00:04:29.819 "They used to consider ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj to be the most wicked of sins on earth," 00:04:29.819 --> 00:04:33.819 and his use of the conjunction 'fa' (so/then) in his statement, 00:04:33.819 --> 00:04:36.819 "So he commanded them to turn it into an ‘Umrah," 00:04:36.819 --> 00:04:42.819 makes it entirely clear that the reason that compelled him, peace be upon him, 00:04:42.819 --> 00:04:45.819 to command them to turn their Hajj into an ‘Umrah 00:04:45.819 --> 00:04:51.819 was to remove from their hearts their belief that ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj 00:04:51.819 --> 00:04:54.050 was the most wicked of sins on earth. 00:04:54.050 --> 00:04:57.050 This sense of gravity felt by the Companions, 00:04:57.050 --> 00:05:03.050 who had previously been raised to oppose the customs of the Jahiliyyah in various matters, 00:05:03.050 --> 00:05:09.050 illustrates for us the difficulty of changing what people are accustomed to and consider to be religion, 00:05:09.050 --> 00:05:12.050 having lived by it for a period of time. 00:05:12.050 --> 00:05:18.050 Therefore, the Prophet, peace be upon him, proceeded gradually in presenting the matter to them. 00:05:18.050 --> 00:05:23.079 The beginning was by giving the Companions a choice regarding the types of rituals (nusuk) 00:05:23.079 --> 00:05:25.079 while they were at the Miqat of Dhu al-Hulayfah. 00:05:25.079 --> 00:05:29.079 Initially, they knew nothing but Hajj. 00:05:29.079 --> 00:05:33.079 So the Prophet, peace be upon him, explained to them the forms of ihram, 00:05:33.079 --> 00:05:37.079 and permitted them to perform ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj, 00:05:37.079 --> 00:05:43.079 leaving it to them, peace be upon him, to make the decision according to their own will. 00:05:43.079 --> 00:05:49.110 Some of the Companions responded to the request of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:05:49.110 --> 00:05:53.139 Our Mother ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, says: 00:05:53.139 --> 00:05:58.139 "We went out with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, during the Farewell Hajj, 00:05:58.139 --> 00:06:03.139 arriving at the new moon of Dhu al-Hijjah, and we intended nothing but Hajj. 00:06:03.139 --> 00:06:09.209 When we were at Dhu al-Hulayfah, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:06:09.209 --> 00:06:14.209 'Whoever among you wishes to enter into ihram for Hajj, let him do so, 00:06:14.209 --> 00:06:18.209 and whoever wishes to enter into ihram for ‘Umrah, let him do so.' 00:06:18.209 --> 00:06:23.209 As for me, I have entered into ihram for Hajj because I have the sacrificial animal with me; 00:06:23.209 --> 00:06:28.209 for had I not brought the sacrificial animal, I would have entered into ihram for ‘Umrah." 00:06:28.209 --> 00:06:32.269 So some of them entered into ihram for ‘Umrah, and some entered into ihram for Hajj, 00:06:32.269 --> 00:06:36.269 and I was among those who entered into ihram for ‘Umrah. 00:06:36.269 --> 00:06:40.850 Among the beautiful insights of the scholars on this issue, 00:06:40.850 --> 00:06:46.850 commenting on the hadith of Ibn ‘Abbas regarding the Arab disbelievers’ prohibition of ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj, 00:06:46.850 --> 00:06:49.850 is the statement of Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, may Allah have mercy on him: 00:06:49.850 --> 00:06:54.850 "This is one of their false arbitrary rulings, taken without any foundation." 00:06:54.850 --> 00:07:02.009 It does not follow that every erroneous action in the Hajj of today must have a basis to which it refers; 00:07:02.009 --> 00:07:10.009 rather, people may invent actions that are as far as possible from the guidance of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:07:10.009 --> 00:07:14.009 From here, innovations (bid'ah) and deviations from the Sunnah arise. 00:07:15.009 --> 00:07:22.259 Indeed, these invented matters may have a hidden motive that serves the interests of those who invented them. 00:07:22.259 --> 00:07:27.259 This is among the remarkable things mentioned by one of the scholars on this subject, 00:07:27.259 --> 00:07:33.259 where he said that people did not know of ‘Umrah during the months of Hajj; 00:07:33.259 --> 00:07:38.259 rather, the Arabs in the Jahiliyyah considered it one of the most wicked of sins. 00:07:38.259 --> 00:07:43.259 They would say, "It is impossible to come to Makkah for ‘Umrah and Hajj [in one trip]; 00:07:43.259 --> 00:07:48.259 rather, you must come for ‘Umrah in one journey and Hajj in another." 00:07:48.259 --> 00:07:52.259 They viewed this from an economic perspective, 00:07:52.259 --> 00:07:58.259 so that visitors and pilgrims would be more numerous and the markets would be more active. 00:07:58.259 --> 00:08:02.459 In this, there is a reminder for the sisters regarding Hajj: 00:08:02.459 --> 00:08:06.459 to be keen on following the guidance of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:08:06.459 --> 00:08:13.459 and to be extremely cautious of what has seeped into the manner of Hajj from the actions of the ancient Jahiliyyah, 00:08:13.459 --> 00:08:19.459 or from the actions of people today that contradict the Prophetic Sunnah in Hajj, 00:08:19.459 --> 00:08:23.459 especially what is issued by the management of Hajj campaigns, 00:08:23.459 --> 00:08:32.460 which may have material interests in changing the course of Hajj away from the guidance of the Prophet, peace be upon him.