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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah an-Nisa'.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“What aileth you that ye are become two parties regarding the hypocrites, when Allah cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they earned? Seek ye to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him thou (O MUhammad) canst not find a road.” (4:88)

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“What aileth you that ye are become two parties regarding the hypocrites, when Allah cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they earned? Seek ye to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him thou (O MUhammad) canst not find a road.” (4:88)

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"And whoever Allah leaves to stray, you will never find for him a way."

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What is the matter with you, O believers, that you are divided into two differing factions concerning the hypocrites,

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when Allah has cast them back into the rulings of the polytheists?

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Do you desire, O believers, to guide to Islam

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and bring about the affirmation of faith for those whom Allah has forsaken,

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and those whom He has left to abandon His religion?

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You will never find for him, O Muhammad, a path to guide him toward attaining what Allah has deprived him of.

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“They long that ye should disbelieve even as they disbelieve, that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah; if they turn back (to enmity) then take them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper from among them,” (4:89)

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“They long that ye should disbelieve even as they disbelieve, that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah; if they turn back (to enmity) then take them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper from among them,” (4:89)

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"So if they turn away, seize them and kill them wherever you find them,"

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"and take neither ally nor helper from among them."

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These hypocrites wished that you would disbelieve and reject the oneness of your Lord,

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just as they rejected it, so that you would become disbelievers like them.

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Therefore, do not take allies from among them until they leave the realm of polytheism

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and depart from its people, seeking the religion of Allah.

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But if these hypocrites turn their backs on affirming faith in Allah and His Messenger

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and refuse to emigrate,

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then seize them, O believers, and kill them wherever you find them, whether in their own lands or elsewhere;

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and do not take any of them as a close friend to entrust with your affairs,

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nor as a helper to assist you against your enemies.

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“Except those who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own folk. Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah alloweth you no way against them.” (4:90)

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“Except those who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own folk. Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah alloweth you no way against them.” (4:90)

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"Their chests being constrained from fighting you or fighting their own people."

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"And had Allah willed, He would have given them power over you, and they would have fought you."

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“Except those who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own folk. Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah alloweth you no way against them.” (4:90)

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“Except those who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own folk. Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah alloweth you no way against them.” (4:90)

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Except those among them who join a people with whom you have a peace treaty, a covenant, and a pact;

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having joined them, their women and children shall not be taken captive, nor shall their wealth be taken as spoils of war.

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Likewise, except those who come to you

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with their hearts feeling constricted at the thought of fighting you or fighting their own people.

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And had Allah willed, He would have given power over you to those who join a people with whom you have a treaty,

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and to those whose chests are constrained from fighting you,

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so that they would have fought you alongside your polytheist enemies;

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but Allah restrained them from you.

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So if they withdraw from you, do not fight you,

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offer you peace, and make a settlement with you,

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then Allah has not given you any way against their lives, their wealth, their offspring, or their women to kill them or take spoils from them.

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So do not approach them in that regard except in a good manner.

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“Ye will find others who desire that they should have security from you, and security from their own folk. So often as they are returned to hostility they are plunged therein. If they keep not aloof from you nor offer you peace nor hold their hands, then take them and kill them wherever ye find them. Against such We have given you clear warrant.” (4:91)

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"Every time they are returned to trial, they are plunged into it."

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“Ye will find others who desire that they should have security from you, and security from their own folk. So often as they are returned to hostility they are plunged therein. If they keep not aloof from you nor offer you peace nor hold their hands, then take them and kill them wherever ye find them. Against such We have given you clear warrant.” (4:91)

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"So seize them and kill them wherever you find them."

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“Ye will find others who desire that they should have security from you, and security from their own folk. So often as they are returned to hostility they are plunged therein. If they keep not aloof from you nor offer you peace nor hold their hands, then take them and kill them wherever ye find them. Against such We have given you clear warrant.” (4:91)

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These are another group of hypocrites

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who used to display Islam to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his Companions

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so as to secure their lives, their wealth, their women, and their offspring,

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but whenever their people called them to polytheism, they apostatized.

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So if these people do not withdraw from you, O believers,

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nor submit to you and refrain their hands from fighting you,

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then seize them wherever you find them on earth and kill them,

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for their blood is then lawful for you to shed.

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Against these, We have given you a clear proof establishing that they deserve this,

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on account of their persistence in disbelief and their refusal to emigrate from the realm of polytheism.

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“It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake. He who hath killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must fast two consecutive months. A penance from Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:92)

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“It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake. He who hath killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must fast two consecutive months. A penance from Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:92)

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“It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake. He who hath killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must fast two consecutive months. A penance from Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (4:92)

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"And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise."

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And it is not permissible for a believer to kill another believer,

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except that a believer may kill a believer accidentally.

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And whoever kills a believer by mistake must free a believing slave from his own wealth,

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and a blood money shall be paid by his paternal kin ('aqilah) to the victim's family,

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unless the victim's family willingly gives it up in charity to the one liable for the blood money of their slain relative, thus pardoning him.

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If the person killed by mistake belonged to a people who are enemies to you in religion—being polytheists—while he was a believer,

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and the killer thought he was still upon his disbelief,

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then his duty is solely to free a believing slave.

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And if the person killed by a believer accidentally belonged to a people with whom you, O believers, have a covenant and treaty of protection,

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then his killer owes a blood money to be paid to the victim's family, borne by his paternal kin ('aqilah),

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along with the freeing of a believing slave as an expiation for killing him.

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And whoever does not find a believing slave to free,

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then he must fast for two consecutive months,

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as a concession and ease granted to you by Allah.

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And Allah has ever been All-Knowing of what is best for His servants,

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All-Wise in what He decrees and wills among them.

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"And whoever kills a believer deliberately,"

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"his recompense is Hell,"

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"his recompense is Hell,"

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"abiding therein eternally,"

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"abiding therein eternally,"

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"and Allah's wrath is upon him,"

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"and He has cursed him."

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“Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose, his reward is hell for ever. Allah is wroth against him and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.” (4:93)

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And whoever kills a believer intentionally,

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his recompense is the punishment of Hell, remaining therein eternally,

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and Allah's wrath is upon him, and He has cast him far away from His mercy,

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“Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose, his reward is hell for ever. Allah is wroth against him and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.” (4:93)

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to an extent that none knows save Him, Exalted is His remembrance.

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“O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: "Thou art not a believer," seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you. Therefore take care to discriminate. Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:94)

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“O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: "Thou art not a believer," seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you. Therefore take care to discriminate. Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:94)

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“O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: "Thou art not a believer," seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you. Therefore take care to discriminate. Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:94)

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“O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: "Thou art not a believer," seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you. Therefore take care to discriminate. Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:94)

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“O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: "Thou art not a believer," seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you. Therefore take care to discriminate. Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:94)

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O you who have believed in Allah and His Messenger,

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when you go forth in the path of Allah to strive against your enemies,

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be cautious and deliberate regarding the killing of anyone whose status is ambiguous to you,

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when you do not know the reality of his Islam or his disbelief.

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And do not say to the one who surrenders to you, refrains from fighting you,

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and demonstrates to you that he belongs to your religion and your call:

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"You are not a believer," killing him out of a desire for the fleeting goods of worldly life;

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for with Allah are abundant spoils from His provision and the surpluses of His bounty, which are far better for you.

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Thus were you before Allah granted honor to His religion:

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you used to conceal your faith, just as this person concealed his faith from his people out of fear for his life from them.

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It has also been said: Thus were you before—you were disbelievers like them,

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then Allah favored you by granting honor to His religion and increasing its followers,

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and He bestowed His grace upon you through repentance.

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So do not rush to kill anyone whose Islam is unclear to you.

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Indeed, Allah is regarding your killing of those whom you kill,

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your refraining from those whom you spare from killing,

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and all other matters of yours,

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fully Aware and All-Knowing,

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so that He may recompense all of you on the Day of Resurrection:

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the doer of good for his good deeds,

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and the wrongdoer for his wrongdoing.

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“Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary. Unto each Allah hath promised good, but He hath bestowed on those who strive a great reward above the sedentary;” (4:95)

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“Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary. Unto each Allah hath promised good, but He hath bestowed on those who strive a great reward above the sedentary;” (4:95)

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"And to all Allah has promised the best reward."

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"And Allah has favored the mujahideen over those who sit back with a great reward."

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“Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary. Unto each Allah hath promised good, but He hath bestowed on those who strive a great reward above the sedentary;” (4:95)

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Over those who sit back due to disability by a single degree of virtue;

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and Allah has promised Paradise to all of them—both the mujahideen who strive with their wealth and their lives,

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and those who sit back due to a valid disability.

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Furthermore, Allah has favored the mujahideen who strive with their wealth and their lives over those who sit back without any disability with an immense reward:

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degrees of virtue and stations among the stations of honor,

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and forgiveness for their sins and mercy upon them.

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And Allah has ever been Most Forgiving of the sins of His believing servants,

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Most Merciful toward them, bestowing His favors upon them.

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"Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while they are wronging themselves,"

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“Lo! as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say: Was not Allah's earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for such, their habitation will be hell, an evil journey's end;” (4:97)

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"they say, 'In what condition were you?'"

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“Lo! as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say: Was not Allah's earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for such, their habitation will be hell, an evil journey's end;” (4:97)

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“Lo! as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say: Was not Allah's earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for such, their habitation will be hell, an evil journey's end;” (4:97)

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“Lo! as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say: Was not Allah's earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for such, their habitation will be hell, an evil journey's end;” (4:97)

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“Except the feeble among men, and the women, and the children, who are unable to devise a plan and are not shown a way.” (4:98)

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“As for such, it may be that Allah will pardon them. Allah is ever Clement, Forgiving.” (4:99)

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Indeed, those whose souls the angels seize

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while they have brought upon themselves the wrath and displeasure of Allah,

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the angels will ask them, "In what condition were you regarding your religion?"

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Those whom the angels take in death while wronging themselves will say:

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"We were oppressed in the land; the polytheists overpowered us and prevented us from believing in Allah

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and following His Messenger (peace be upon him)."

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They will say, "Was not the earth of Allah spacious enough for you to emigrate from your land to a land where its people would protect you,

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so that you could worship Allah alone therein?"

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For those, their ultimate destination in the Hereafter is Hell,

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and an evil dwelling and final abode Hell is for its inhabitants.

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Except those who were genuinely oppressed by the polytheists among men, women, and children—

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namely, those who were unable to emigrate due to hardship, lack of resources,

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poor eyesight, or lack of knowledge of the route from their land to the land of Islam.

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For these oppressed ones,

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it may be that Allah will pardon them on account of the valid excuse they have.

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And Allah has ever been Pardoning through His grace toward the sins of His servants,

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veiling their sins by granting them His forgiveness.

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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.