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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah),

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Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-'Azimi,

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May Allah preserve him.

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The Expedition of Dhat al-Salasil.

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This expedition took place in Jumada al-Akhirah in the eighth year of the Hijrah.

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Imam al-Bukhari said in his *Sahih*:

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"Chapter on the Military Expedition of Dhat al-Salasil,"

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Which was the expedition of Lakhm and Judham.

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Al-Hafiz said in *al-Fath*:

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"And according to Ibn Ishaq,

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It was a watering place belonging to the Banu Judham and Lakhm."

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As for Lakhm,

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It is spelled with a *fathah* on the *lam* and a *sukun* on the dotted letter (*kha*).

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It is a large, renowned tribe.

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As for Judham,

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It is with a *dammah* on the *jim*, followed by an ungeminated dotted letter (*dhal*).

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It is also a large, renowned tribe.

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Imam al-Bukhari said in his *Sahih*:

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"And Ibn Ishaq said,

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Narrating from Yazid, from 'Urwah:

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'It was the land of Bali and 'Udhrah.'"

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Al-Hafiz said in *al-Fath*:

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"As for Yazid, he is Ibn Ruman,

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A well-known scholar of Medina.

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As for 'Urwah..."

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As for the tribes he mentioned,

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All three are clans stemming from Quda'ah.

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As for Bali,

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It is spelled with a *fathah* on the single-dotted letter (*ba*) and a *kasrah* on the light *lam*,

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Followed by the *ya* of affiliation.

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It is a major tribe,

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Tracing their lineage back to Bali ibn 'Amr ibn al-Haf ibn Quda'ah.

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As for 'Udhrah,

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It is with a *dammah* on the undotted *'ayn* and a *sukun* on the dotted *dhal*.

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It is a major tribe,

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Tracing their lineage back to 'Udhrah ibn Sa'd.

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The reason for this expedition:

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Ibn Sa'd stated in his *Tabaqat*:

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News reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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That a gathering from Quda'ah had mobilized,

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Intending to advance toward the outskirts of Medina.

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The appointment of 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with him) as commander:

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So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) summoned

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'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with him)

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And appointed him commander over this expedition.

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For Imam Ahmad recorded in his *Musnad* and al-Bukhari

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In *al-Adab al-Mufrad* with an authentic chain of transmission,

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On the authority of 'Amr ibn al-'As, who said:

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"The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent for me,

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Saying:

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'Put on your garments and take up your weapons,

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Then come to me.'

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So I came to him while he was performing ablution.

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He looked up at me from head to foot,

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Then lowered his gaze and said:

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'I intend to send you at the head of an army,

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So that Allah may grant you safety and spoils,

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And that I may allot you a worthy portion of wealth.'

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I said, 'O Messenger of Allah,

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I did not embrace Islam for the sake of wealth;

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Rather, I embraced Islam out of a genuine desire for it,

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And so that I could be alongside the Messenger of Allah.'

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Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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'O 'Amr,

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How excellent righteous wealth is for a righteous man!'

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Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) tied

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For 'Amr ibn al-'As

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A white banner,

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And dispatched him with three hundred fighters

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From among the Emigrants and the Ansar,

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Accompanied by thirty horses.

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So 'Amr ibn al-'As set out,

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Marching by night and concealing his forces by day.

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When he drew near to the enemy,

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Word reached him that they had gathered in vast numbers.

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So he dispatched Rafi' ibn Makith al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him)

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To the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), requesting reinforcements.

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Dispatching reinforcements to 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with him):

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then dispatched to him

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Abu 'Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah (may Allah be pleased with him)

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At the head of two hundred fighters.

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He tied a banner for him

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And sent with him the prominent leaders of the Emigrants and the Ansar,

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Among whom were Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both).

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He instructed him to join 'Amr,

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And commanded that they act in unity and not differ.

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So Abu 'Ubaydah set out,

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And when he reached him,

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'Amr said to him:

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'You have only come as reinforcements under my command.'

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Abu 'Ubaydah said:

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'No,

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Rather, I am in charge of my men,

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And you are in charge of yours.'

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Now Abu 'Ubaydah

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Was a gentle, easygoing man,

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Unconcerned with worldly status.

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'Amr said to him:

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'Rather, you are reinforcements under my command.'

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So Abu 'Ubaydah said to him:

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'O 'Amr,

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Verily, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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Instructed me: "Do not differ with each other."

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So even if you disobey me, I will obey you.'

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'Amr said:

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'Then I am the commander over you,

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And you are reinforcements to me.'

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Abu 'Ubaydah replied:

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'Then carry on as you wish.'

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Thus, 'Amr would lead the people in prayer.

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'Amr ibn al-'As advanced

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Until he entered the land of Bali and subdued it,

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Reaching the farthest borders of their territory,

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As well as the lands of 'Udhrah and Balqayn.

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At the end of his march, he encountered a host of the enemy,

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Whereupon the Muslims launched a charge against them,

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Causing them to flee into the land and disperse.

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'Amr ibn al-'As remained there for a few days,

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And then returned victorious to Medina.

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The fiqh of 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with him):

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During this expedition, several incidents took place

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In which the deep fiqh of 'Amr ibn al-'As was clearly demonstrated,

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Along with his sound judgment in handling them.

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Among these incidents was:

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His leading the people in prayer after performing dry ablution (*tayammum*) while in a state of major ritual impurity.

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Imam Ahmad in his *Musnad*, Abu Dawud, al-Hakim, and Ibn Hibban narrated

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On the authority of 'Amr ibn al-'As, who said:

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"I experienced a wet dream on a bitterly cold night during the battle of Dhat al-Salasil,

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And I feared that if I bathed, I would perish.

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So I performed *tayammum* and led my companions in the dawn prayer.

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They later mentioned that to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

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Whereupon he said:

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'O 'Amr,

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Did you lead your companions in prayer while in a state of major ritual impurity?'

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So I informed him of what had prevented me from taking a bath,

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Saying:

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'I heard Allah say:

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﴾And do not kill yourselves; indeed, Allah is ever Merciful to you.﴿"

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“O ye who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it be a trade by mutual consent, and kill not one another. Lo! Allah is ever Merciful unto you.” (4:29)

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) merely laughed and said nothing.

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Forbidding them from lighting fires and pursuing the enemy:

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Ibn Hibban recorded in his *Sahih* with an authentic chain of transmission

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On the authority of 'Amr ibn al-'As, who said:

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That the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dispatched him on the expedition of Dhat al-Salasil,

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And his men asked him to let them kindle a fire,

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But he forbade them.

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So they spoke to Abu Bakr,

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Who in turn spoke to him about it,

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But 'Amr replied:

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"No one among them shall light a fire except that I will cast him into it."

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He continued:

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"Then they met the enemy and routed them,

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And they wished to pursue them, but he forbade them.

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When that army returned,

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They mentioned this to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and complained of him."

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So 'Amr said to the Prophet (peace be upon him):

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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I disliked permitting them to light a fire

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Lest their enemy perceive their small numbers;

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And I disliked that they pursue them

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Lest reinforcements await the enemy and turn back against them."

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Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commended his conduct.

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The most beloved of people to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):

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When 'Amr ibn al-'As saw that favor from the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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He assumed that his standing with the Messenger of Allah

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Was greater than that of Abu Bakr and 'Umar.

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For the two Shaykhs recorded in their *Sahihs*

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On the authority of 'Amr ibn al-'As, who said:

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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) dispatched me at the head of the army of Dhat al-Salasil."

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He said:

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"So I came to him and asked,

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'Which of the people is most beloved to you?'

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied:

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''A'ishah.'

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I asked, 'From among the men?'

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The Messenger of Allah replied:

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'Her father.'

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I asked, 'Then who?'

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The Messenger of Allah replied:

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''Umar.'

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He said:

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'He then enumerated several men,

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So I remained silent out of fear that he might place me among the last of them.'"

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Ibn Hibban added in his *Sahih* with an authentic chain of transmission,

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After the mention of 'Umar:

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'Amr ibn al-'As said:

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"I asked, 'Then who?'

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied:

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'Abu 'Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah.'"

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Al-Hafiz said in *al-Fath*:

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"This serves to identify some of the men left unnamed in the hadith of this chapter."

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Imam al-Nawawi said:

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"This is an explicit affirmation of the immense virtues of Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'A'ishah;

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And it provides clear evidence for the people of the Sunnah

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Regarding the superiority of Abu Bakr and 'Umar over all the Companions."

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An Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah).

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The call to prayer and the remaining movements are performed orally.