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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Rum.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“Turning unto Him (only); and be careful of your duty unto Him and establish worship, and be not of those who ascribe partners (unto Him);” (30:31)

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[They should be] repentant, returning to Allah, turning toward Him, fearing Him, and remaining mindful of Him; do not be among those who associate partners with Allah by neglecting His obligatory duties and committing acts of disobedience.

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“Of those who split up their religion and became schismatics, each sect exulting in its tenets.” (30:32)

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Do not be among the polytheists who altered their religion and became divided into sects.

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Every faction among those who abandoned their religion and introduced innovations,

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are pleased and delighted with the school of thought to which they cling.

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They imagine that they alone possess the truth, to the exclusion of others.

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“And when harm toucheth men they cry unto their Lord, turning to Him in repentance; then, when they have tasted of His mercy, behold! some of them attribute partners to their Lord” (30:33)

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So that they may deny what We have given them; so enjoy yourselves, for you will soon come to know.

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When these polytheists are touched by harm, and are afflicted by hardship, drought, and famine,

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they dedicate their worship solely to their Lord, singling Him out in supplication, repenting to Him for their polytheism and disbelief.

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Yet, when their Lord removes that harm, a group of them begins to associate partners with their Lord.

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This is so they may deny and reject the blessing I bestowed upon them by removing the harm they were in.

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So enjoy, O people, the prosperity and abundance We have granted you in this worldly life.

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You will soon come to know, when you return to your Lord, what punishment you shall encounter.

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“Or have We revealed unto them any warrant which speaketh of that which they associate with Him?” (30:35)

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Or have We sent down to these polytheists a book that confirms what they say?

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Does such a book speak to the validity of their polytheism? It is merely something they have fabricated and invented, following their own desires.

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“And when We cause mankind to taste of mercy they rejoice therein; but if an evil thing befall them as the consequence of their own deeds, lo! they are in despair!” (30:36)

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When people are touched by prosperity and ease from Us, they rejoice in it.

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But if they are afflicted by hardship, drought, famine, and trial from Us due to the evil deeds they previously committed, they despair of relief.

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Do they not see that Allah extends provision for whom He wills and restricts it? Indeed, in that are signs for a people who believe.

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Do those who rejoice at prosperity and despair at hardship not see with the eyes of their hearts?

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“And morning found those who had coveted his place but yesterday crying: Ah, welladay! Allah enlargeth the provision for whom He will of His slaves and straiteneth it (for whom He will). If Allah had not been gracious unto us He would have caused it to swallow us (also). Ah, welladay! the disbelievers never prosper.” (28:82)

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He determines for whom He wills, restricting it upon them.

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Indeed, in His extending it to whom He wills,

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and His restricting it upon whom He wills,

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is a clear proof for those who believe in the arguments of Allah and draw near to them when they witness and see them.

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“So give to the kinsman his due, and to the needy, and to the wayfarer. That is best for those who seek Allah's Countenance. And such are they who are successful.” (30:38)

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So give, O Muhammad, to the relative his due right of kindness and good treatment,

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as well as the poor and the traveler, as Allah has ordained for them.

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Giving these people their rights is better for those who desire the countenance of Allah by doing so.

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It is they who are successful, attaining their requests from Allah.

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If you seek the countenance of Allah, then it is they who are the multipliers [of their reward].

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Whatever you give, O people, to one another as a gift,

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in order that it may increase through the wealth of others by the return of its reward to the giver,

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it does not increase with Allah.

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This is because the one who gave it did not do so seeking His countenance.

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But whatever you give in charity, desiring thereby the countenance of Allah,

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it is they who will have their reward multiplied.

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Allah, O people, is the One to whom alone worship is due.

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He is the One who created you, then provided for you, when you possessed nothing before that.

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Then He causes you to die after He created you alive.

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Then He will bring you back to life after your death for the resurrection of the Day of Judgment.

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Is there any among your deities who does any of that, creating the living?

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Is there any among them who creates, provides, causes death, or resurrects?

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Exalted is Allah, and far removed is He from the polytheism of these people who associate partners with Him.

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“Corruption doth appear on land and sea because of (the evil) which men's hands have done, that He may make them taste a part of that which they have done, in order that they may return.” (30:41)

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Acts of disobedience to Allah have appeared everywhere, on land and at sea, due to the sins of the people.

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[This is] so that He may let them taste the consequences of some of their deeds and the disobedience they have committed,

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so that they may turn back to the truth and return to repentance.

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“Say (O Muhammad, to the disbelievers): Travel in the land, and see the nature of the consequence for those who were before you! Most of them were idolaters.” (30:42)

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Most of them were polytheists.

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Say, O Muhammad, to these polytheists from your people:

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Travel through the land and observe the end of those who disbelieved in Allah before you.

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How was the final outcome of their affairs?

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Did We not destroy them with a punishment from Us?

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We did that to them because most of them were polytheists.

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“So set thy purpose resolutely for the right religion, before the inevitable day cometh from Allah. On that day mankind will be sundered-” (30:43)

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On that Day, they will be separated.

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So set your face, O Muhammad, toward the path to which your Lord has directed you,

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for the obedience of your Lord and the upright religion that has no deviation from the truth,

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before the coming of a Day from Allah that cannot be averted.

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This is because Allah has decreed its coming.

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On the day that Day arrives, people will be divided into two groups.

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“And thus We have inspired in thee a Lecture in Arabic, that thou mayst warn the mother-town and those around it, and mayst warn of a day of assembling whereof there is no doubt. A host will be in the Garden, and a host of them in the Flame.” (42:7)

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Whoever disbelieves, his disbelief is upon him.

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“Whoso disbelieveth must (then) bear the consequences of his disbelief, while those who do right make provision for themselves -” (30:44)

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Whoever disbelieves in Allah, the burden of his disbelief is upon him.

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And whoever obeys Allah, they are preparing for their own souls,

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and making their resting place secure so they may be saved from the punishment of their Lord and escape His torment.

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“That He may reward out of His bounty those who believe and do good works. Lo! He loveth not the disbelievers (in His guidance).” (30:45)

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“That He may reward out of His bounty those who believe and do good works. Lo! He loveth not the disbelievers (in His guidance).” (30:45)

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So that He may reward those who believe in Allah and His Messenger,

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and act according to what Allah has commanded them, out of His bounty,

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which He promised to those who obey Him in this world, that He would reward them on the Day of Resurrection.

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Indeed, He does not love those who disbelieve in Him.

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“And of His signs is this: He sendeth herald winds to make you taste His mercy, and that the ships may sail at His command, and that ye may seek his favour, and that haply ye may be thankful.” (30:46)

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And to let you taste of His mercy.

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And to let you taste of His mercy.

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And so that ships may sail by His command.

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And so that you may seek of His bounty.

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And so that you may seek of His bounty.

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And that you may give thanks.

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Among the proofs of His oneness

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is that He sends the winds as heralds of rain and mercy,

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and to send down upon you from His mercy the rain by which He gives life to the land,

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and so that ships may sail in the seas by His command,

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and so that you may seek of His provisions and the livelihoods He has distributed among you,

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and so that you may thank your Lord for that.

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“Verily We sent before thee (Muhammad) messengers to their own folk. Then we took vengeance upon those who were guilty (in regard to them). To help believers is ever incumbent upon Us.” (30:47)

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So they brought them clear proofs.

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So they brought them clear proofs.

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“Verily We sent before thee (Muhammad) messengers to their own folk. Then we took vengeance upon those who were guilty (in regard to them). To help believers is ever incumbent upon Us.” (30:47)

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“Verily We sent before thee (Muhammad) messengers to their own folk. Then we took vengeance upon those who were guilty (in regard to them). To help believers is ever incumbent upon Us.” (30:47)

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We have indeed sent, O Muhammad, before you messengers to their people.

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They brought them clear arguments of their truthfulness.

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“Verily We sent before thee (Muhammad) messengers to their own folk. Then we took vengeance upon those who were guilty (in regard to them). To help believers is ever incumbent upon Us.” (30:47)

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And they committed evil deeds among their people.

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And We are the ones who will do that to the criminals among your people.

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And We saved those who believed in Allah and trusted His messengers.

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And likewise, We will do for those who believe in you from your people, granting them victory over the disbelievers.

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“Allah is He Who sendeth the winds so that they raise clouds, and spreadeth them along the sky as pleaseth Him, and causeth them to break and thou seest the rain downpouring from within them. And when He maketh it to fall on whom He will of His bondmen, lo! they rejoice;” (30:48)

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“Allah is He Who sendeth the winds so that they raise clouds, and spreadeth them along the sky as pleaseth Him, and causeth them to break and thou seest the rain downpouring from within them. And when He maketh it to fall on whom He will of His bondmen, lo! they rejoice;” (30:48)

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And makes it into fragments.

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And you see the rain emerging from within it.

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“Allah is He Who sendeth the winds so that they raise clouds, and spreadeth them along the sky as pleaseth Him, and causeth them to break and thou seest the rain downpouring from within them. And when He maketh it to fall on whom He will of His bondmen, lo! they rejoice;” (30:48)

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“Though before that, even before it was sent down upon them, they were in despair.” (30:49)

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Allah is the One who sends the winds, which stir up clouds.

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Then Allah spreads them in the sky however He wills.

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And He makes the clouds into scattered pieces.

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Then you see the rain emerging from between the clouds.

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When He directs that rain to the land of whomever He wills among His creation,

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you see them rejoicing that it has been sent to them, and they are happy.

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These people whom Allah touched with this rain were, among His servants,

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before this rain was sent down upon them,

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despairing and sad due to its being withheld from them.

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“Look, therefore, at the prints of Allah's mercy (in creation): how He quickeneth the earth after her death. Lo! He verily is the Quickener of the Dead, and He is Able to do all things.” (30:50)

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“Look, therefore, at the prints of Allah's mercy (in creation): how He quickeneth the earth after her death. Lo! He verily is the Quickener of the Dead, and He is Able to do all things.” (30:50)

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So look at the effects of the rain by which Allah has touched whom He has touched.

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“Look, therefore, at the prints of Allah's mercy (in creation): how He quickeneth the earth after her death. Lo! He verily is the Quickener of the Dead, and He is Able to do all things.” (30:50)

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Indeed, He who gives life to this earth after its death,

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is the One who will give life to the dead after their death.

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And He is over all things competent; nothing He wills is difficult for Him.

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“And if We sent a wind and they beheld it yellow, they verily would still continue in their disbelief.” (30:51)

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And if We had sent a destructive wind, and they saw the crops that We had caused to grow from the rain We sent down from the sky,

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and they saw what their land had produced of crops turning yellow,

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they would have remained, after their rejoicing and happiness, disbelieving in their Lord.

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“For verily thou (Muhammad) canst not make the dead to hear, nor canst thou make the deaf to hear the call when they have turned to flee.” (30:52)

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You cannot make the deaf hear the call,

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when they turn their backs, retreating.

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For you, O Muhammad, cannot give them hearing so they may understand from you what you say to them,

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just as you cannot make the dead understand, whom Allah has deprived of their hearing,

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by giving them hearing.

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And just as you cannot make the deaf hear, who have been deprived of hearing,

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the call,

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when they turn away from you, retreating.

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Likewise, you cannot guide those whom Allah has deprived of understanding His signs so that they might hear and comprehend them.

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And you cannot guide the blind away from their misguidance.

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You can only make those hear who believe in Our signs, for they are those who submit.

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And you, O Muhammad, cannot lead those whom Allah has blinded away from the straight path,

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for He has not granted them success in attaining guidance.

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You cannot make them hear in a way that benefits the listener so that he may comprehend it,

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except for those who believe in Our signs, for they are those who are humble before Allah through their obedience.

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Because the one who believes in Our signs,

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when he hears the Book of Allah, he reflects upon it, understands it, and acts upon what is in it.

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They are those who are humble before Allah through their obedience,

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submissive to the admonitions of His Book.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.