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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Zukhruf.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“And when the son of Mary is quoted as an example, behold! the folk laugh out,” (43:57)

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When Allah likened ‘Isa (Jesus) in his creation and origin to Adam,

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He drew a parallel between them by stating that He created him from dust.

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Your people, O Muhammad, are agitated by this.

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They say, "Muhammad only wants us to take him as a god to be worshipped,"

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just as the Christians worshipped the Messiah.

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“And say: Are our gods better, or is he? They raise not the objection save for argument. Nay! but they are a contentious folk.” (43:58)

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“And say: Are our gods better, or is he? They raise not the objection save for argument. Nay! but they are a contentious folk.” (43:58)

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“And say: Are our gods better, or is he? They raise not the objection save for argument. Nay! but they are a contentious folk.” (43:58)

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“He is nothing but a slave on whom We bestowed favour, and We made him a pattern for the Children of Israel.” (43:59)

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The polytheists of your people said,

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"O Muhammad, are our gods whom we worship better,

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or is Muhammad? Should we worship Muhammad?"

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They did not present this analogy to you, O Muhammad,

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nor did they say this to you,

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except out of argumentation and hostility to dispute with you.

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Your people, these polytheists, are not seeking the truth in their debating with you;

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rather, they are a people who seek conflict through falsehood.

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‘Isa is but a servant among Our servants,

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whom We blessed with guidance and faith,

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and We made him a sign for the Children of Israel and a proof for Us against them.

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“And had We willed We could have set among you angels to be viceroys in the earth.” (43:60)

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If We willed, O company of the children of Adam, We would have destroyed you,

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and replaced you on earth with angels who would succeed you and worship Me.

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Indeed, he is a sign for the Hour, so have no doubt about it, and follow Me;

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this is a straight path.

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Do not let Satan hinder you;

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he is to you a clear enemy.

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The appearance of ‘Isa is a sign by which the coming of the Hour is known,

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because his descent is evidence of the end of the world.

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It has also been said:

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This Qur’an is a sign for the Hour,

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informing you of its arrival and warning you of its terrors.

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So do not doubt it, and obey Me.

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Following me, O people, in my command is the path that has no crookedness.

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Do not let Satan turn you away from my obedience.

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Satan is to you a clear enemy; he has made his enmity manifest to you.

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“When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), he said: I have come unto you with wisdom, and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ. So keep your duty to Allah, and obey me.” (43:63)

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I have come to you with wisdom.

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“When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), he said: I have come unto you with wisdom, and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ. So keep your duty to Allah, and obey me.” (43:63)

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“When Jesus came with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), he said: I have come unto you with wisdom, and to make plain some of that concerning which ye differ. So keep your duty to Allah, and obey me.” (43:63)

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So fear Allah and obey me.

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When ‘Isa came to the Children of Israel with clear proofs,

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he said, "I have come to you with prophethood,

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and to clarify for you, O company of the Children of Israel,

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some of that over which you differ regarding the rulings of the Torah.

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So fear your Lord, O people, by obeying Him,

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and obey me in what I have commanded you."

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“Lo! Allah, He is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him. This is a right path.” (43:64)

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This is a straight path.

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Indeed, Allah—who alone deserves our exclusive worship—

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is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him all together.

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Worship Him alone.

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This which I have commanded you—to fear Allah and obey me—

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is the straight path, and no other is accepted.

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But the factions differed among themselves.

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“But the factions among them differed. Then woe unto those who do wrong from the doom of a painful day.” (43:65)

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The sects differed regarding ‘Isa ibn Maryam,

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namely the Jews and the Christians.

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And those among the Christians who differed regarding ‘Isa,

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for they were all divided into factions.

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The "Ghislin" (the discharge of pus and blood in Hell) is for those who disbelieved in Allah,

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in a painful day of torment.

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“Await they aught save the Hour, that it shall come upon them suddenly, when they know not?” (43:66)

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Are these factions who differ regarding ‘Isa ibn Maryam waiting for anything

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except the Hour, in which the Resurrection will occur suddenly,

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while they are unaware of its coming?

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Friends on that day will be enemies to one another, except for the righteous.

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“O My slaves! For you there is no fear this day, nor is it ye who grieve;” (43:68)

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Those who were friends on the Day of Resurrection based on disobedience to Allah in the world

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will be enemies to one another;

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they will disown one another.

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Except for those who were friends based on the fear of Allah,

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for Allah will say to them:

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"O My servants, no fear will be upon you this day from My punishment,

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for I have granted you security through My pleasure.

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Nor will you grieve over the parting of the world,

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for that which you have come to is better for you."

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“(Ye) who believed Our revelations and were self-surrendered,” (43:69)

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“Enter the Garden, ye and your wives, to be made glad.” (43:70)

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O My servants who believed in the Book of Allah and His messengers,

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and were people of submission to Allah in their hearts,

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enter Paradise, you and your spouses, O believers,

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rejoicing and delighted by the honor of Allah.

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“Therein are brought round for them trays of gold and goblets, and therein is all that souls desire and eyes find sweet. And ye are immortal therein.” (43:71)

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“Therein are brought round for them trays of gold and goblets, and therein is all that souls desire and eyes find sweet. And ye are immortal therein.” (43:71)

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And you will abide therein forever.

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There will be circulated among those who believed in His signs

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food in plates of gold,

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and drink in cups of gold.

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And you will have in Paradise whatever your souls desire, O believers,

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and whatever delights your eyes, and you will abide therein forever.

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And that is the Paradise which you have been made to inherit for what you used to do.

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“Therein for you is fruit in plenty whence to eat.” (43:73)

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This is the Paradise which Allah has caused you to inherit from the people of Hell,

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because of the good deeds you used to perform in the world.

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You will have therein abundant fruit of every kind;

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you will eat from it whatever you desire.

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“Lo! the guilty are immortal in hell's torment.” (43:74)

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“It is not relaxed for them, and they despair therein.” (43:75)

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“We wronged them not, but they it was who did the wrong.” (43:76)

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Indeed, the criminals who committed disbelief in Allah

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will abide in the torment of Hell.

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The torment will not be lightened for them,

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and they will be in the torment of Hell, despairing of salvation.

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We did not wrong these criminals,

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but they were the ones who wronged themselves by their disbelief in Allah and their denial of His oneness.

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They will call out, "O Malik, let your Lord put an end to us!"

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He will say, "Indeed, you will remain."

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These criminals will call out after Allah has cast them into Hell;

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they will say, "O Malik, let your Lord cause us to die."

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It is mentioned that Malik will not answer them at the time they speak to him,

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and he will leave them for a thousand years,

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then he will answer them, saying, "Indeed, you will remain."

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We have certainly brought you the truth.

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“We verily brought the Truth unto you, but ye were, most of you, averse to the Truth.” (43:78)

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We have sent to you Our messenger, Muhammad, with the truth,

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but most of you are averse to the truth that Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought.

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“Or do they determine any thing (against the Prophet)? Lo! We (also) are determining.” (43:79)

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Or do they think that We do not hear their secrets and their private conversations?

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“Or deem they that We cannot hear their secret thoughts and private confidences? Nay, but Our envoys, present with them, do record.” (43:80)

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Or have these polytheists of Quraysh devised a plan? We are indeed devising,

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plotting against the truth We brought them.

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We will surely devise for them that which will disgrace them.

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Or do these polytheists think that We do not hear what they conceal from people of their speech,

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and what they consult and whisper about among themselves to the exclusion of others,

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and that We will not punish them for it because it is hidden from Us?

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Rather, We know what they whisper about,

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and Our messengers (angels) are with them, recording what they utter.

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Say, O Muhammad, "If the Most Gracious had a son, I would be the first of the worshippers."

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But He has no son.

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So I worship Him because He has no son,

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and it is not fitting that He should have one.

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“Glorified be the Lord of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of the Throne, from that which they ascribe (unto Him)!” (43:82)

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“Glorified be the Lord of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of the Throne, from that which they ascribe (unto Him)!” (43:82)

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Exalting the Lord of the heavens and the earth,

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and the Lord of the Throne, who encompasses all of that,

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above what the polytheists describe of lies,

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and attribute to Him of a son and other things

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that are not fitting to be attributed to Him.

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So leave them to indulge and play until they meet their day which they are promised.

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So leave, O Muhammad, these fabricators against Allah to indulge in their falsehood and play in their worldly life,

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until they meet their day which they are promised,

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which is the Day of Resurrection.

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“And He it is Who in the heaven is Allah, and in the earth Allah. He is the Wise, the Knower.” (43:84)

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And He is the All-Wise, the All-Knowing.

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Allah is the One who possesses divinity; He is worshipped in heaven and worshipped on earth.

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So dedicate worship exclusively to the One who has this attribute.

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He is the Wise in the management of His creation, the All-Knowing of their interests.

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“And blessed be He unto Whom belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, and with Whom is knowledge of the Hour, and unto Whom ye will be returned.” (43:85)

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“And blessed be He unto Whom belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, and with Whom is knowledge of the Hour, and unto Whom ye will be returned.” (43:85)

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Blessed is He to whom belongs the dominion of the seven heavens and the earth and everything between them.

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With Him is the knowledge of the Hour in which the Resurrection will occur,

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and to Him, O people, you will be returned after your death,

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so He will reward the doer of good for his good and the doer of evil for his evil.

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“And those unto whom they cry instead of Him possess no power of intercession, saving him who beareth witness unto the Truth knowingly.” (43:86)

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“And those unto whom they cry instead of Him possess no power of intercession, saving him who beareth witness unto the Truth knowingly.” (43:86)

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Those whom the polytheists worship besides Allah do not possess the power of intercession with Him for anyone,

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except those who testified to the truth by acknowledging the oneness of Allah.

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These are the ones who testify to the truth,

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with knowledge and certainty that they possess the power of intercession by His permission.

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And if you ask them who created them, they will surely say, "Allah." So how are they deluded?

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If you ask, O Muhammad, these polytheists who created them,

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they will surely say, "Allah created us." So how are they turned away from the worship of the One who created them?

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“And he saith: O my Lord! Lo! these are a folk who believe not.” (43:88)

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And Muhammad said, "O Lord, these are a people who do not believe, whom You have commanded me to warn."

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“Then bear with them (O Muhammad) and say: Peace. But they will come to know.” (43:89)

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So turn away from them, O Muhammad, and say, "Peace."

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For they will soon come to know what they will encounter of affliction, punishment, and torment for their disbelief.