1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,169 --> 00:00:08,070 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,589 --> 00:00:12,689 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:13,919 --> 00:00:15,820 Surah al-Kahf. 5 00:00:15,919 --> 00:00:22,350 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:23,100 --> 00:00:30,899 “I made them not to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation; nor choose I misleaders for (My) helpers.” (18:51) 7 00:00:30,899 --> 00:00:39,399 “I made them not to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor their own creation; nor choose I misleaders for (My) helpers.” (18:51) 8 00:00:40,280 --> 00:00:44,979 I did not bring Iblis and his progeny to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth. 9 00:00:45,280 --> 00:00:48,979 Nor did I call upon some of them to witness the creation of others. 10 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:51,479 So that I might seek their help in My creation. 11 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:56,579 Rather, I alone created all of that, without any helper or assistant. 12 00:00:56,579 --> 00:01:02,079 And I would never take as helpers or supporters those who cannot guide to the truth. 13 00:01:02,380 --> 00:01:08,939 “And (be mindful of) the Day when He will say: Call those partners of Mine whom ye pretended. Then they will cry unto them, but they will not hear their prayer, and We shall set a gulf of doom between them.” (18:52) 14 00:01:09,239 --> 00:01:18,439 “And (be mindful of) the Day when He will say: Call those partners of Mine whom ye pretended. Then they will cry unto them, but they will not hear their prayer, and We shall set a gulf of doom between them.” (18:52) 15 00:01:18,739 --> 00:01:20,980 And on the Day when Allah says: 16 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:25,980 "Call upon those whom you claimed were My partners in worship," 17 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:29,480 To help you and protect you from Me. 18 00:01:29,780 --> 00:01:32,980 They will call upon them for help, but they will not help them. 19 00:01:33,280 --> 00:01:35,980 And We have placed between these polytheists, 20 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:41,980 And those they used to call upon besides Allah as partners in the worldly life, a cause of their destruction. 21 00:01:57,879 --> 00:02:02,459 And the polytheists will see the Fire on that Day. 22 00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:05,459 And they will realize that they are to enter it. 23 00:02:05,760 --> 00:02:08,460 And they will find no escape from the Fire they see, 24 00:02:08,759 --> 00:02:10,960 No place to turn to or flee toward. 25 00:02:11,259 --> 00:02:14,460 Because Allah has decreed that for them. 26 00:02:14,759 --> 00:02:23,289 “And verily We have displayed for mankind in this Qur'an all manner of similitudes, but man is more than anything contentious.” (18:54) 27 00:02:24,289 --> 00:02:30,289 “And verily We have displayed for mankind in this Qur'an all manner of similitudes, but man is more than anything contentious.” (18:54) 28 00:02:31,270 --> 00:02:35,770 “And verily We have displayed for mankind in this Qur'an all manner of similitudes, but man is more than anything contentious.” (18:54) 29 00:02:36,069 --> 00:02:38,770 And We have exhorted them therein with every kind of admonition. 30 00:02:39,069 --> 00:02:44,270 And We have argued against them with every proof, so that they might remember and turn back to Allah. 31 00:02:44,770 --> 00:02:48,770 Yet man is, of all things, most prone to argument and dispute. 32 00:02:49,069 --> 00:02:52,770 He does not turn to the truth, nor is he deterred by admonition. 33 00:02:54,129 --> 00:03:00,629 And nothing prevented people from believing when guidance came to them, 34 00:03:00,930 --> 00:03:16,629 “And naught hindereth mankind from believing when the guidance cometh unto them, and from asking forgiveness of their Lord unless (it be that they wish) that the judgment of the men of old should come upon them or (that) they should be confronted with the Doom.” (18:55) 35 00:03:16,930 --> 00:03:20,629 “And naught hindereth mankind from believing when the guidance cometh unto them, and from asking forgiveness of their Lord unless (it be that they wish) that the judgment of the men of old should come upon them or (that) they should be confronted with the Doom.” (18:55) 36 00:03:24,400 --> 00:03:26,400 O Muhammad, [and from seeking] faith in Allah, 37 00:03:26,699 --> 00:03:28,400 When the clear proof of Allah came to them, 38 00:03:28,900 --> 00:03:32,900 And from seeking forgiveness for the shirk they persist in, 39 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:39,400 Except that the precedent of the earlier nations—who denied their messengers—should befall them, 40 00:03:39,900 --> 00:03:42,900 Or that the punishment should come upon them openly. 41 00:03:44,009 --> 00:03:50,509 And We do not send the messengers except as bringers of good tidings and warners. 42 00:03:50,509 --> 00:03:56,509 Yet those who disbelieve argue with falsehood to refute the truth thereby. 43 00:03:57,009 --> 00:04:02,509 “We send not the messengers save as bearers of good news and warners. Those who disbelieve contend with falsehood in order to refute the Truth thereby. And they take Our revelations and that wherewith they are threatened as a jest.” (18:56) 44 00:04:03,939 --> 00:04:08,439 And We do not send Our messengers except to bring good tidings to the people of faith and conviction, 45 00:04:08,939 --> 00:04:11,439 Regarding the abundant reward in the Hereafter, 46 00:04:11,939 --> 00:04:15,939 And to warn those who disbelieve and deny [the truth] of His severe punishment. 47 00:04:16,439 --> 00:04:20,939 And those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger dispute with falsehood. 48 00:04:21,439 --> 00:04:26,000 We do not send Our messengers for the sake of argument and dispute. 49 00:04:26,500 --> 00:04:33,000 Yet you argue with them using falsehood to invalidate the truth, remove it, and cause it to vanish. 50 00:04:33,500 --> 00:04:38,000 And the disbelievers in Allah have taken the proofs He used against them, 51 00:04:38,500 --> 00:04:41,000 And the Book He revealed to them, 52 00:04:41,500 --> 00:04:46,000 And the warnings with which He warned them, as a mockery, ridiculing them. 53 00:04:47,579 --> 00:04:57,079 “And who doth greater wrong than he who hath been reminded of the revelations of his Lord, yet turneth away from them and forgetteth what his hands send forward (to the Judgment)? Lo! on their hearts We have placed coverings so that they understand not, and in their ears a deafness. And though thou call them to the guidance, in that case they can never be led aright.” (18:57) 54 00:04:57,579 --> 00:05:07,079 We have placed coverings over their hearts so they do not understand it, and deafness in their ears. 55 00:05:07,579 --> 00:05:14,079 And if you call them to guidance, they will never be guided, ever. 56 00:05:15,620 --> 00:05:20,120 And who is more unjust than one who is reminded of the verses and proofs of his Lord, 57 00:05:20,620 --> 00:05:26,120 Which guide him to the path of righteousness and lead him to the way of salvation, 58 00:05:26,620 --> 00:05:29,120 Yet he turns away from His verses and evidence, 59 00:05:29,620 --> 00:05:33,620 And forgets the destructive sins he previously committed, without repenting? 60 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:39,120 We have placed over the hearts of those who turn away from the verses of Allah, 61 00:05:39,620 --> 00:05:42,120 Coverings so that they do not understand it, 62 00:05:42,120 --> 00:05:45,620 And in their ears a heaviness so that they do not hear it. 63 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:52,620 And if you, O Muhammad, call these people who turn away from the verses of Allah to remain steadfast upon the truth, 64 00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:56,620 They will never remain steadfast upon the truth, ever. 65 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:01,620 Because Allah has set a seal upon their hearts, their hearing, and their sight. 66 00:06:13,019 --> 00:06:19,519 And your Lord, O Muhammad, is the One who covers the sins of His servants by pardoning them if they repent. 67 00:06:20,019 --> 00:06:21,019 He is the Possessor of mercy. 68 00:06:21,519 --> 00:06:28,250 If He were to hold these people who turn away from His verses to account for the sins and offenses they have committed, 69 00:06:28,750 --> 00:06:30,750 He would hasten the punishment for them. 70 00:06:31,250 --> 00:06:33,250 But out of His mercy for His creation, 71 00:06:33,750 --> 00:06:39,250 [He is] the Possessor of mercy. 72 00:06:39,750 --> 00:06:41,750 But out of His mercy for His creation, 73 00:06:42,250 --> 00:06:44,250 He does not do that to them. 74 00:06:44,750 --> 00:06:46,750 Rather, they have an appointed time. 75 00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:50,750 These polytheists will find no refuge to which they can turn, 76 00:06:51,250 --> 00:06:54,750 Nor any escape by which they can be saved from the punishment of Allah. 77 00:06:55,250 --> 00:07:00,709 And those towns, We destroyed them when they committed injustice. 78 00:07:01,209 --> 00:07:05,709 And We appointed a time for their destruction. 79 00:07:06,709 --> 00:07:11,790 And those towns, such as 'Ad, Thamud, and the people of the Thicket, 80 00:07:12,290 --> 00:07:16,790 We destroyed their people when they committed injustice by disbelieving in Allah and His verses. 81 00:07:17,290 --> 00:07:20,790 And We appointed a fixed time and term for their destruction. 82 00:07:21,290 --> 00:07:26,790 Likewise, We have appointed a time for these polytheists among your people, O Muhammad. 83 00:07:27,290 --> 00:07:30,790 When that time comes to them, We will destroy them. 84 00:07:32,519 --> 00:07:41,019 “And when Moses said unto his servant: I will not give up until I reach the point where the two rivers meet, though I march on for ages.” (18:60) 85 00:07:42,100 --> 00:07:45,600 And remember, O Muhammad, when Moses said to his young attendant, Yusha' (Joshua): 86 00:07:46,100 --> 00:07:51,600 "I will not cease traveling until I reach the junction of the Roman Sea and the Persian Sea, 87 00:07:52,100 --> 00:07:54,600 Or I will travel for a long time and age." 88 00:07:55,740 --> 00:08:01,240 But when they reached the junction between them, they forgot their fish. 89 00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:07,740 They forgot their fish, and it took its course into the sea, slipping away. 90 00:08:09,009 --> 00:08:12,509 When Moses and his attendant reached the junction of the two seas, 91 00:08:13,009 --> 00:08:14,509 They forgot their fish. 92 00:08:15,009 --> 00:08:18,509 And the fish took a path into the sea like a tunnel. 93 00:08:19,009 --> 00:08:21,509 Until Moses returned to it and saw it. 94 00:08:21,509 --> 00:08:29,779 When they had passed beyond it, he said to his attendant, "Bring us our morning meal." 95 00:08:30,279 --> 00:08:37,779 “And when they had gone further, he said unto his servant: Bring us our breakfast. Verily we have found fatigue in this our journey.” (18:62) 96 00:08:39,009 --> 00:08:42,509 When Moses and his attendant had passed beyond the junction of the two seas, 97 00:08:43,009 --> 00:08:45,509 Moses said to his attendant, Yusha', 98 00:08:46,009 --> 00:08:47,509 "Bring us our morning meal." 99 00:08:48,009 --> 00:08:52,509 "We have certainly encountered fatigue and exhaustion from this journey of ours." 100 00:08:53,460 --> 00:09:00,960 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 101 00:09:01,460 --> 00:09:08,960 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 102 00:09:09,460 --> 00:09:13,460 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 103 00:09:14,570 --> 00:09:16,070 His attendant said to Moses, 104 00:09:16,570 --> 00:09:19,070 “He said: Didst thou see, when we took refuge on the rock, and I forgot the fish - and none but Satan caused me to forget to mention it - it took its way into the waters by a marvel.” (18:63) 105 00:09:19,570 --> 00:09:21,570 "I forgot the fish there." 106 00:09:22,070 --> 00:09:26,070 "And none made me forget to mention the fish except Satan." 107 00:09:26,570 --> 00:09:30,070 And Moses marveled at the path of the fish in the sea. 108 00:09:31,690 --> 00:09:35,190 “He said: This is that which we have been seeking. So they retraced their steps again.” (18:64) 109 00:09:35,690 --> 00:09:40,190 So they retraced their footsteps, following their tracks. 110 00:09:40,690 --> 00:09:43,690 “Then found they one of Our slaves, unto whom We had given mercy from Us, and had taught him knowledge from Our presence.” (18:65) 111 00:09:44,190 --> 00:09:49,190 “Then found they one of Our slaves, unto whom We had given mercy from Us, and had taught him knowledge from Our presence.” (18:65) 112 00:09:49,190 --> 00:09:53,690 “Then found they one of Our slaves, unto whom We had given mercy from Us, and had taught him knowledge from Our presence.” (18:65) 113 00:09:54,190 --> 00:09:58,690 “Then found they one of Our slaves, unto whom We had given mercy from Us, and had taught him knowledge from Our presence.” (18:65) 114 00:09:59,190 --> 00:10:01,389 So Moses said to his attendant, 115 00:10:01,889 --> 00:10:04,389 "Your forgetting the fish is what we were seeking." 116 00:10:04,889 --> 00:10:06,389 Because Moses had been told, 117 00:10:06,889 --> 00:10:10,389 "Your companion whom you seek is where you forget the fish." 118 00:10:10,889 --> 00:10:14,389 So they returned along the path they had already traveled. 119 00:10:14,889 --> 00:10:17,389 And they found a servant from among Our servants, a man of knowledge. 120 00:10:17,389 --> 00:10:19,889 We had granted him mercy from Us. 121 00:10:20,389 --> 00:10:23,889 And We had taught him knowledge from Our presence. 122 00:10:24,389 --> 00:10:26,690 Moses said to him, 123 00:10:27,190 --> 00:10:30,690 "May I follow you on the condition that you teach me, 124 00:10:31,190 --> 00:10:33,690 From what you have been taught, some guidance?" 125 00:10:34,190 --> 00:10:39,690 “He said: Lo! thou canst not bear with me.” (18:67) 126 00:10:40,190 --> 00:10:44,690 “How canst thou bear with that whereof thou canst not compass any knowledge?” (18:68) 127 00:10:45,690 --> 00:10:47,740 Moses said to the learned man, 128 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:51,740 "May I follow you so that you may teach me from the knowledge, 129 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:54,740 That Allah has taught you, which is guidance to the truth, 130 00:10:55,240 --> 00:10:56,740 And a proof of right direction?" 131 00:10:57,240 --> 00:10:58,740 The learned man said, 132 00:10:59,240 --> 00:11:01,740 "You will never be able to have patience with me." 133 00:11:02,240 --> 00:11:04,740 "That is because I act based on an inner knowledge, 134 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:06,740 Which Allah has taught me. 135 00:11:07,240 --> 00:11:09,740 And you have no knowledge except of the outward aspects of matters. 136 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:12,740 So you will not be patient with the actions you see." 137 00:11:13,740 --> 00:11:18,240 "And how, O Moses, can you be patient with the actions you see from me, 138 00:11:18,740 --> 00:11:21,240 When you have no knowledge of the reasons for their correctness?" 139 00:11:22,409 --> 00:11:27,909 “He said: Allah willing, thou shalt find me patient and I shall not in aught gainsay thee.” (18:69) 140 00:11:28,409 --> 00:11:31,909 “He said: Allah willing, thou shalt find me patient and I shall not in aught gainsay thee.” (18:69) 141 00:11:32,409 --> 00:11:33,909 He said, "If you follow me..." 142 00:11:34,409 --> 00:11:36,909 “He said: Well, if thou go with me, ask me not concerning aught till I myself make mention of it unto thee.” (18:70) 143 00:11:37,409 --> 00:11:40,909 “He said: Well, if thou go with me, ask me not concerning aught till I myself make mention of it unto thee.” (18:70) 144 00:11:41,980 --> 00:11:43,480 Moses said, 145 00:11:43,980 --> 00:11:47,480 "You will find me, if Allah wills, patient with what I see from you, 146 00:11:47,980 --> 00:11:50,480 Even if it is contrary to what I consider correct. 147 00:11:50,980 --> 00:11:53,480 And I will submit to what you command me, 148 00:11:53,980 --> 00:11:56,480 Even if it does not align with my own inclination." 149 00:11:56,980 --> 00:11:58,549 The learned man said to Moses, 150 00:11:59,049 --> 00:12:01,549 "If you follow me now, 151 00:12:02,049 --> 00:12:05,549 Then do not ask me about anything I do that you disapprove of, 152 00:12:06,049 --> 00:12:10,549 Until I myself explain to you the actions you see me performing, 153 00:12:11,049 --> 00:12:12,549 And clarify their nature to you, 154 00:12:12,549 --> 00:12:15,049 And initiate the account of them for you." 155 00:12:15,549 --> 00:12:21,940 So they set off, until when they had boarded a ship, he scuttled it. 156 00:12:22,440 --> 00:12:28,940 “So they twain set out till, when they were in the ship, he made a hole therein. (Moses) said: Hast thou made a hole therein to drown the folk thereof? Thou verily hast done a dreadful thing.” (18:71) 157 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:35,460 Moses and the learned man set off, traveling and looking for a ship to board. 158 00:12:35,960 --> 00:12:39,460 Until when they found one, they boarded the ship. 159 00:12:39,960 --> 00:12:43,460 When they had boarded it, the learned man scuttled the ship. 160 00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:45,460 Moses said to him, 161 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:50,460 "Did you scuttle it after we had gone out into the sea, to drown its people?" 162 00:12:50,960 --> 00:12:55,460 "You have certainly done a grave thing and committed a reprehensible act." 163 00:12:55,960 --> 00:13:03,480 He said, "Did I not say that you would never be able to have patience with me?" 164 00:13:03,980 --> 00:13:11,480 “(Moses) said: Be not wroth with me that I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my fault.” (18:73) 165 00:13:11,980 --> 00:13:14,019 The learned man said to Moses, 166 00:13:14,019 --> 00:13:19,519 "Did I not say that you would never be able to have patience with me regarding the actions you see, 167 00:13:20,019 --> 00:13:23,519 Because you see what you have not encompassed with knowledge?" 168 00:13:24,019 --> 00:13:25,559 Moses said to him, 169 00:13:26,059 --> 00:13:28,559 “(Moses) said: Be not wroth with me that I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my fault.” (18:73) 170 00:13:29,059 --> 00:13:32,559 "And do not make my affair with you and my companionship with you difficult." 171 00:13:33,059 --> 00:13:39,809 So they set off, until when they met a boy, he killed him. 172 00:13:40,809 --> 00:13:54,309 “So they twain journeyed on till, when they met a lad, he slew him. (Moses) said: What! Hast thou slain an innocent soul who hath slain no man? Verily thou hast done a horrid thing.” (18:74) 173 00:13:54,809 --> 00:14:00,980 So they set off, until when they met a boy, the learned man killed him. 174 00:14:01,580 --> 00:14:03,080 Moses said to him, 175 00:14:03,580 --> 00:14:07,080 "Have you killed a pure soul who has committed no sin?" 176 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:12,580 "You have certainly done a reprehensible thing and committed an unknown act." 177 00:14:15,350 --> 00:14:18,350 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.