WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari, 00:00:08.539 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem al-Shammari. 00:00:13.949 --> 00:00:16.030 Surah al-Baqarah. 00:00:17.789 --> 00:00:22.789 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:23.460 --> 00:00:31.940 “The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272) 00:00:32.259 --> 00:00:39.539 “The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272) 00:00:40.100 --> 00:00:46.500 “The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272) 00:00:47.020 --> 00:00:56.259 “The guiding of them is not thy duty (O Muhammad), but Allah guideth whom He will. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, it is for yourselves, when ye spend not save in search of Allah's Countenance; and whatsoever good thing ye spend, it will be repaid to you in full, and ye will not be wronged.” (2:272) 00:00:57.539 --> 00:01:01.060 You are not responsible, O Muhammad, for guiding the polytheists to Islam, 00:01:01.380 --> 00:01:03.619 such that you should withhold voluntary charity from them, 00:01:04.019 --> 00:01:08.420 nor should you give it to them merely to induce them to enter Islam out of their need for it. 00:01:08.980 --> 00:01:13.180 Rather, it is Allah who guides whom He wills among His creation to Islam, 00:01:13.459 --> 00:01:14.739 granting them success to embrace it. 00:01:15.140 --> 00:01:16.939 So do not withhold charity from them. 00:01:17.500 --> 00:01:20.980 And whatever wealth you spend in charity is for your own souls, 00:01:21.379 --> 00:01:25.420 that it may be a stored treasure for you when you need it on the Day of Resurrection. 00:01:26.170 --> 00:01:30.090 Whatever wealth you give in charity, you will receive its recompense in full, 00:01:30.569 --> 00:01:33.849 and its reward will return to you complete and diminished in nothing. 00:01:34.370 --> 00:01:36.489 For you will not be wronged regarding its reward, 00:01:36.689 --> 00:01:38.849 nor cheated of it or shortchanged, 00:01:39.489 --> 00:01:43.769 rather, it is upon Allah to pay you your rewards and recompense in full for it. 00:01:44.879 --> 00:01:59.239 “(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273) 00:01:59.239 --> 00:02:11.240 “(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273) 00:02:11.240 --> 00:02:22.800 “(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273) 00:02:23.240 --> 00:02:31.080 “(Alms are) for the poor who are straitened for the cause of Allah, who cannot travel in the land (for trade). The unthinking man accounteth them wealthy because of their restraint. Thou shalt know them by their mark: They do not beg of men with importunity. And whatsoever good thing ye spend, lo! Allah knoweth it.” (2:273) 00:02:32.270 --> 00:02:34.349 And whatever wealth you give in charity, 00:02:34.830 --> 00:02:39.750 let it be for the poor whom their struggle against the enemy has confined, 00:02:40.310 --> 00:02:42.229 keeping them from moving about for trade, 00:02:42.590 --> 00:02:44.710 so that they are unable to conduct commerce, 00:02:45.310 --> 00:02:49.150 nor are they able to travel through the land and journey across countries 00:02:49.590 --> 00:02:52.189 seeking livelihood and pursuing earnings. 00:02:52.509 --> 00:02:58.310 One who does not know their true state would think them rich because of their dignified restraint from asking. 00:02:58.870 --> 00:03:05.150 You recognize them, O Muhammad, by their outward signs and marks; they do not plead with people importunately. 00:03:05.710 --> 00:03:08.139 And whatever wealth you spend, O people, 00:03:08.419 --> 00:03:12.300 giving voluntary charity to the non-Muslim subjects under your covenant, 00:03:12.740 --> 00:03:16.020 or giving it to those whom your Lord commanded you to grant it to— 00:03:16.340 --> 00:03:19.460 namely, the poor who are constrained in the path of Allah— 00:03:20.219 --> 00:03:23.060 from that which Allah has made obligatory upon you from your wealth, 00:03:23.699 --> 00:03:25.580 then indeed, Allah is fully aware of it. 00:03:26.060 --> 00:03:29.020 He records it for you and stores its reward with Him, 00:03:29.620 --> 00:03:33.020 until He renders to you your full wages for all of it 00:03:33.460 --> 00:03:36.860 and magnifies your recompense for it on the Day of Resurrection. 00:03:49.909 --> 00:03:56.349 ﴾they will have their reward with their Lord,﴿ 00:03:56.949 --> 00:04:01.150 ﴾they will have their reward with their Lord,﴿ 00:04:01.150 --> 00:04:05.509 ﴾and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve.﴿ 00:04:06.860 --> 00:04:09.419 Whoever spends his wealth by night and by day, 00:04:09.819 --> 00:04:11.259 in secret and openly, 00:04:11.780 --> 00:04:15.139 giving it in charity seeking the pleasure of Allah and pursuing His reward, 00:04:15.699 --> 00:04:19.180 shall have the reward of his charity stored for him with his Lord, 00:04:19.579 --> 00:04:23.220 until He pays it to him in full on the Day of his Resurrection. 00:04:23.740 --> 00:04:26.980 And there will be no fear upon him on the Day of Resurrection of His punishment, 00:04:27.420 --> 00:04:29.300 nor amid the terrors of His Day of Judgement, 00:04:29.860 --> 00:04:32.379 nor will he grieve when he arrives before Him, 00:04:32.899 --> 00:04:35.620 as he beholds the immense honor from Allah 00:04:35.620 --> 00:04:37.060 which He has prepared for him, 00:04:37.540 --> 00:04:40.339 over anything he left behind in the worldly life. 00:04:49.670 --> 00:04:51.910 ﴾Satan from [his] touch.﴿ 00:04:52.470 --> 00:04:58.550 “Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275) 00:04:59.029 --> 00:05:03.189 “Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275) 00:05:03.670 --> 00:05:11.589 “Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275) 00:05:12.069 --> 00:05:17.910 “Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275) 00:05:18.350 --> 00:05:24.709 “Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275) 00:05:25.230 --> 00:05:27.790 ﴾they will abide eternally therein.﴿ 00:05:29.000 --> 00:05:30.319 Those who consume usury 00:05:30.800 --> 00:05:33.519 will not rise in the Hereafter from their graves 00:05:33.920 --> 00:05:37.959 “Those who swallow usury cannot rise up save as he ariseth whom the devil hath prostrated by (his) touch. That is because they say: Trade is just like usury; whereas Allah permitteth trading and forbiddeth usury. He unto whom an admonition from his Lord cometh, and (he) refraineth (in obedience thereto), he shall keep (the profits of) that which is past, and his affair (henceforth) is with Allah. As for him who returneth (to usury) - Such are rightful owners of the Fire. They will abide therein.” (2:275) 00:05:37.959 --> 00:05:39.800 striking him down with madness. 00:05:40.480 --> 00:05:44.000 This which We mentioned that will befall them on the Day of Resurrection— 00:05:44.439 --> 00:05:48.120 of their repulsive state and the terror of their rising from their graves— 00:05:48.680 --> 00:05:52.480 is because in the worldly life they used to lie and fabricate, 00:05:53.000 --> 00:05:58.000 saying, "Trade which Allah permitted for His servants is just like usury." 00:05:58.600 --> 00:06:03.279 That was because those who consumed usury among the people of the Pre-Islamic Ignorance, 00:06:03.839 --> 00:06:06.759 whenever the payment of a debt owed to one of them fell due, 00:06:07.240 --> 00:06:08.399 the debtor would say: 00:06:08.879 --> 00:06:11.920 "Grant me an extension of time, and I will increase your money." 00:06:12.519 --> 00:06:15.279 So it would be said to both of them when they did that: 00:06:15.720 --> 00:06:17.600 "This is usury; it is not lawful." 00:06:18.160 --> 00:06:18.759 They replied: 00:06:19.199 --> 00:06:22.079 "It is all the same to us whether we increase the amount at the inception of the sale 00:06:22.399 --> 00:06:24.000 or at the time the debt falls due." 00:06:24.639 --> 00:06:28.399 Yet Allah permitted profits in trade, buying, and selling, 00:06:28.720 --> 00:06:30.040 and He forbade the usurious increase. 00:06:30.720 --> 00:06:32.959 So whoever receives an admonition and warning from his Lord 00:06:33.360 --> 00:06:34.920 and desists from consuming usury, 00:06:35.120 --> 00:06:36.800 refraining from practicing it, 00:06:37.279 --> 00:06:42.720 may retain what he consumed and took in the past before the admonition and prohibition came from his Lord. 00:06:43.399 --> 00:06:48.800 And the affair of the one who used to consume it, after the admonition has reached him, is left to Allah regarding his protection and guidance: 00:06:49.399 --> 00:06:53.480 if He wills, He will protect him from consuming it and keep him steadfast in desisting from it, 00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:56.120 and if He wills, He will forsake him. 00:06:56.879 --> 00:06:59.399 But whoever returns to consuming usury after the prohibition, 00:06:59.920 --> 00:07:01.720 those are the companions of the Fire; 00:07:02.199 --> 00:07:05.319 meaning the Fire of Hell, wherein they will abide eternally. 00:07:13.819 --> 00:07:16.220 Allah obliterates usury, wiping it out, 00:07:17.300 --> 00:07:21.540 and He multiplies the reward of charities for their giver, causing them to grow for him. 00:07:22.060 --> 00:07:26.699 And Allah does not like any persistent, ungrateful disbeliever in his Lord who clings to his denial, 00:07:27.100 --> 00:07:29.819 deeming lawful the consuming and feeding of usury, 00:07:30.300 --> 00:07:35.699 a habitual sinner who persists in sin concerning what He forbade of consuming usury and illicit wealth. 00:07:44.029 --> 00:07:49.230 As for those who believed in Allah and in His Messenger, and in what he brought from their Lord 00:07:49.709 --> 00:07:52.670 regarding the prohibition of usury and its consumption and other matters, 00:07:53.149 --> 00:07:56.910 and performed righteous deeds and established prayer, 00:07:57.389 --> 00:08:02.990 “Lo! those who believe and do good works and establish worship and pay the poor-due, their reward is with their Lord and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.” (2:277) 00:08:03.470 --> 00:08:11.120 they will have their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be concerning them, nor will they grieve. 00:08:11.199 --> 00:08:14.160 They did not deem usury or its consumption lawful, among other prohibitions, 00:08:14.480 --> 00:08:20.959 and they performed righteous deeds and established the obligatory prayer within its prescribed limits, performing it according to its Sunnahs, 00:08:21.199 --> 00:08:24.879 and gave the obligatory zakat due upon their wealth; 00:08:25.199 --> 00:08:30.079 they shall have the reward of that for their deeds, their faith, and their charity. 00:08:30.560 --> 00:08:37.279 And no fear will there be upon them on that Day of His punishment for whatever occurred from them previously in their Ignorance, 00:08:37.279 --> 00:08:42.480 nor will they grieve over having abandoned the consumption of usury in the worldly life; 00:08:43.120 --> 00:08:46.559 for their abandoning of what they left behind in this worldly life 00:08:46.879 --> 00:08:49.200 was solely seeking His pleasure in the Hereafter, 00:08:49.679 --> 00:08:52.639 so they attained what they were promised for forsaking it. 00:09:09.360 --> 00:09:12.879 O you who have believed in Allah and in His Messenger, 00:09:13.200 --> 00:09:15.519 fear Allah for your own souls, 00:09:15.759 --> 00:09:17.440 and be conscious of Him by obeying Him, 00:09:17.759 --> 00:09:25.679 and forgo seeking whatever remains due to you of surplus over the principal of your capital that was yours before you engaged in usury, 00:09:26.080 --> 00:09:29.279 if you truly affirm your faith in speech 00:09:29.519 --> 00:09:32.960 and confirm what your tongues have professed through your actions, 00:09:39.009 --> 00:09:41.889 O people of obedience to Allah and His Messenger! 00:09:42.210 --> 00:09:49.570 “And if ye do not, then be warned of war (against you) from Allah and His messenger. And if ye repent, then ye have your principal (without interest). Wrong not, and ye shall not be wronged.” (2:279) 00:09:49.570 --> 00:09:52.610 But if you do not give up what remains of usury, 00:09:53.090 --> 00:09:57.169 then be apprised and certain of a war from Allah. 00:09:57.649 --> 00:10:00.450 But if you repent and abandon the consumption of usury, 00:10:00.769 --> 00:10:04.850 then you shall have your principal sums from the debts owed to you by the people, 00:10:05.409 --> 00:10:07.970 without the increase that you newly introduced. 00:10:07.970 --> 00:10:11.570 You will not be wronged by taking your principal sums, 00:10:11.570 --> 00:10:16.570 nor will the debtor who pays you that deprive you of a right due to you from him, 00:10:16.570 --> 00:10:21.570 because whatever was in excess of your principal sums was never your rightful due. 00:10:21.570 --> 00:10:28.730 “And if the debtor is in straitened circumstances, then (let there be) postponement to (the time of) ease; and that ye remit the debt as almsgiving would be better for you if ye did but know.” (2:280) 00:10:28.730 --> 00:10:33.330 “And if the debtor is in straitened circumstances, then (let there be) postponement to (the time of) ease; and that ye remit the debt as almsgiving would be better for you if ye did but know.” (2:280) 00:10:33.330 --> 00:10:38.330 ﴾if you only knew.﴿ 00:10:38.330 --> 00:10:42.779 And if any of your debtors is in hardship regarding your principal sums 00:10:42.779 --> 00:10:45.779 that were owed to you before the usurious transaction, 00:10:45.779 --> 00:10:48.779 then grant them respite until a time of ease. 00:10:48.779 --> 00:10:52.779 And that you remit your principal sums as charity to this debtor in hardship 00:10:52.779 --> 00:10:56.779 is better for you than granting him respite until a time of ease, 00:10:56.779 --> 00:11:00.779 if you truly know the virtue inherent in charity 00:11:00.779 --> 00:11:05.779 and the reward Allah has made obligatory for whoever relieves his debtor in hardship. 00:11:22.799 --> 00:11:26.799 And beware, O people, of a Day when you will be returned to Allah, 00:11:26.799 --> 00:11:29.799 lest you meet Him with misdeeds that will ruin you, 00:11:29.799 --> 00:11:32.799 or with disgraceful deeds that will humiliate you, 00:11:32.799 --> 00:11:34.799 tearing away your veils of concealment. 00:11:34.799 --> 00:11:37.799 Then every soul will be compensated in full on that Day 00:11:37.799 --> 00:11:41.799 for whatever evil or good it put forward and earned; 00:11:41.799 --> 00:11:44.799 neither a small matter nor a great one will be omitted therein, 00:11:44.799 --> 00:11:47.799 of good or evil, except that it will be brought forth, 00:11:47.799 --> 00:11:49.799 and they will not be wronged. 00:11:49.799 --> 00:11:53.799 And how could one be wronged who is recompensed for an evil deed with only its like, 00:11:53.799 --> 00:11:56.799 and for a good deed with ten times its like? 00:11:56.799 --> 00:11:59.799 Nay, rather, justice was dealt to you, O wrongdoer, 00:11:59.799 --> 00:12:02.799 and He was gracious to you, conferring excess favor and abundant bounty, 00:12:02.799 --> 00:12:04.799 O doer of good! 00:12:28.600 --> 00:12:31.600 ﴾a scribe [to write] in justice.﴿ 00:12:31.600 --> 00:12:35.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:12:35.600 --> 00:12:38.600 ﴾as Allah has taught him.﴿ 00:12:38.600 --> 00:12:42.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:12:42.600 --> 00:12:48.600 ﴾And let him fear Allah, his Lord,﴿ 00:12:48.600 --> 00:12:51.600 ﴾and not leave anything out of it.﴿ 00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:55.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:12:55.600 --> 00:12:57.600 ﴾of limited understanding or weak﴿ 00:12:57.600 --> 00:13:05.600 ﴾or unable to dictate himself,﴿ 00:13:05.600 --> 00:13:09.600 ﴾then let his guardian dictate in justice.﴿ 00:13:09.600 --> 00:13:13.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:13:13.600 --> 00:13:16.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:13:16.600 --> 00:13:19.600 ﴾then a man and two women﴿ 00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:28.600 ﴾from those whom you accept of witnesses,﴿ 00:13:28.600 --> 00:13:35.600 ﴾so that if one of them errs,﴿ 00:13:35.600 --> 00:13:38.600 ﴾the other can remind her.﴿ 00:13:38.600 --> 00:13:42.600 ﴾And the witnesses should not refuse﴿ 00:13:42.600 --> 00:13:44.600 ﴾when they are called.﴿ 00:13:44.600 --> 00:13:47.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:13:47.600 --> 00:13:51.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:13:51.600 --> 00:13:55.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:13:55.600 --> 00:13:59.600 ﴾and more suitable for testimony,﴿ 00:13:59.600 --> 00:14:02.600 ﴾and more likely that you will not doubt,﴿ 00:14:02.600 --> 00:14:12.600 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:14:12.600 --> 00:14:15.600 ﴾which you conduct among yourselves,﴿ 00:14:16.600 --> 00:14:18.600 ﴾which you conduct among yourselves,﴿ 00:14:18.600 --> 00:14:21.600 ﴾there is no blame upon you﴿ 00:14:21.600 --> 00:14:23.600 ﴾if you do not write it.﴿ 00:14:23.600 --> 00:14:27.600 ﴾And take witnesses when you conclude a contract.﴿ 00:14:27.600 --> 00:14:36.110 “O ye who believe! When ye contract a debt for a fixed term, record it in writing. Let a scribe record it in writing between you in (terms of) equity. No scribe should refuse to write as Allah hath taught him, so let him write, and let him who incurreth the debt dictate, and let him observe his duty to Allah his Lord, and diminish naught thereof. But if he who oweth the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. And call to witness, from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not (at hand) then a man and two women, of such as ye approve as witnesses, so that if the one erreth (through forgetfulness) the other will remember. And the witnesses must not refuse when they are summoned. Be not averse to writing down (the contract) whether it be small or great, with (record of) the term thereof. That is more equitable in the sight of Allah and more sure for testimony, and the best way of avoiding doubt between you; save only in the case when it is actual merchandise which ye transfer among yourselves from hand to hand. In that case it is no sin for you if ye write it not. And have witnesses when ye sell one to another, and let no harm be done to scribe or witness. If ye do (harm to them) lo! it is a sin in you. Observe your duty to Allah. Allah is teaching you. And Allah is knower of all things.” (2:282) 00:14:36.110 --> 00:14:38.110 ﴾And if you do so,﴿ 00:14:38.110 --> 00:14:43.110 ﴾indeed, it is grave disobedience in you.﴿ 00:14:43.110 --> 00:14:46.110 ﴾And fear Allah.﴿ 00:14:46.110 --> 00:14:50.110 ﴾And Allah teaches you,﴿ 00:14:50.110 --> 00:14:55.110 ﴾and Allah is Knowing of all things.﴿ 00:14:55.110 --> 00:14:59.779 O you who have believed in Allah and His Messenger, 00:14:59.779 --> 00:15:06.779 when you conduct a sale on credit or make a purchase deferred to a known, agreed-upon time among yourselves, 00:15:06.779 --> 00:15:12.779 then write down the debt that you have contracted for a specified term, whether arising from a sale or a loan. 00:15:12.779 --> 00:15:16.779 And let a scribe write the debt document with truth and justice, 00:15:16.779 --> 00:15:20.779 in a manner that does not prejudice the rights of the creditor or diminish them; 00:15:20.779 --> 00:15:22.779 so let the scribe write. 00:15:22.779 --> 00:15:26.779 And let the debtor dictate the document detailing what he owes of the debt, 00:15:26.779 --> 00:15:31.779 and let the dictating debtor who owes the right fear Allah, his Lord, 00:15:31.779 --> 00:15:36.779 and beware of His punishment if he shortchanges the creditor of any of his rightful due, 00:15:36.779 --> 00:15:41.779 lest he be held accountable for it where he cannot repay it except from his good deeds, 00:15:41.779 --> 00:15:44.779 or by carrying some of the creditor's sins. 00:15:44.779 --> 00:15:51.779 But if the debtor who owes the money is ignorant of the proper terms he must dictate to the scribe, 00:15:51.779 --> 00:15:55.779 or is feeble or unable to dictate the document, 00:15:55.779 --> 00:15:58.779 then let his guardian dictate the right in full truth and justice. 00:15:58.779 --> 00:16:02.009 And call to witness over your rights two witnesses 00:16:02.009 --> 00:16:06.009 from among your free Muslim men, excluding your slaves, 00:16:06.009 --> 00:16:09.009 and excluding your free non-Muslims. 00:16:09.009 --> 00:16:11.070 And if there are not two men, 00:16:11.070 --> 00:16:15.070 then let there be a man and two women for the testimony, 00:16:15.070 --> 00:16:18.070 from among the upright whose religious commitment and integrity are accepted, 00:16:18.070 --> 00:16:22.070 so that one of the two women may remind the other if she errs. 00:16:22.070 --> 00:16:30.070 And the witnesses should not refuse to answer when they are called to establish and deliver the testimony before an authority or a judge. 00:16:30.070 --> 00:16:35.070 And do not become weary, O you who enter into transactions on credit for a term, 00:16:35.070 --> 00:16:39.070 of writing down the right, whether it is small or great, along with its due date, 00:16:39.070 --> 00:16:43.230 for writing is more precise in recording both the term and the amount. 00:16:43.230 --> 00:16:46.230 That writing down of the debt until its term 00:16:46.230 --> 00:16:48.230 is more just in the sight of Allah, 00:16:48.230 --> 00:16:50.230 more upright for establishing testimony, 00:16:50.230 --> 00:16:53.230 and nearer to preventing you from doubting the testimony. 00:16:53.230 --> 00:16:58.230 Unless it be a transaction conducted with spot cash, hand to hand, 00:16:58.230 --> 00:17:03.230 in which case there is no blame on you for not writing down their rights against their debtors, 00:17:03.230 --> 00:17:08.230 because each one of them—meaning the buyers and the sellers— 00:17:08.230 --> 00:17:11.230 receives what is due to him before they part company, 00:17:11.230 --> 00:17:14.230 so there is no need for them to write it down. 00:17:14.230 --> 00:17:19.230 But take witnesses over both the small and great of your transactions regarding your rights, 00:17:19.230 --> 00:17:23.230 whether immediate or deferred, spot cash or on credit. 00:17:23.230 --> 00:17:28.230 And let neither of them be harmed by the one who requests the writing or calls for the testimony: 00:17:28.230 --> 00:17:34.230 such as insisting that the scribe write for him while he is occupied with his own affairs, 00:17:34.230 --> 00:17:39.230 or insisting that the witness come forward to testify while he is not free. 00:17:39.230 --> 00:17:43.329 And if you cause harm to the scribe or the witness, defying what you were forbidden, 00:17:43.329 --> 00:17:46.329 it is indeed an act of sin and disobedience. 00:17:46.329 --> 00:17:52.329 Fear Allah, O you who enter into debts, regarding the scribes and witnesses, lest you harm them, 00:17:52.329 --> 00:17:56.329 and regarding all other limits set by Allah, lest you neglect them. 00:17:56.329 --> 00:18:01.329 He makes clear to you what is due to you and what is incumbent upon you, so act accordingly. 00:18:01.329 --> 00:18:05.329 And Allah is All-Knowing of all things, including your deeds and everything else; 00:18:05.329 --> 00:18:11.220 He keeps full account of them to recompense you for them.