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Riyad al-Salihin

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From the words of the Master of the Messengers

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Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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Chapter: Certainty and Reliance (Tawakkul)

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Allah the Exalted said

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“And when the true believers saw the clans, they said: This is that which Allah and His messenger promised us. Allah and His messenger are true. It did but confirm them in their faith and resignation.” (33:22)

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“And when the true believers saw the clans, they said: This is that which Allah and His messenger promised us. Allah and His messenger are true. It did but confirm them in their faith and resignation.” (33:22)

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And Allah and His Messenger have spoken the truth

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“And when the true believers saw the clans, they said: This is that which Allah and His messenger promised us. Allah and His messenger are true. It did but confirm them in their faith and resignation.” (33:22)

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And He the Exalted said

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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It increased them in faith, and they said

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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“So they returned with grace and favour from Allah, and no harm touched them. They followed the good pleasure of Allah, and Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (3:174)

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No harm touched them

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And they followed the pleasure of Allah

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“So they returned with grace and favour from Allah, and no harm touched them. They followed the good pleasure of Allah, and Allah is of Infinite Bounty.” (3:174)

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And He the Exalted said

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“And trust thou in the Living One Who dieth not, and hymn His praise. He sufficeth as the Knower of His bondmen's sins,” (25:58)

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And He the Exalted said

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And upon Allah let the believers rely

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And He the Exalted said

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“It was by the mercy of Allah that thou wast lenient with them (O Muhammad), for if thou hadst been stern and fierce of heart they would have dispersed from round about thee. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult with them upon the conduct of affairs. And when thou art resolved, then put thy trust in Allah. Lo! Allah loveth those who put their trust (in Him).” (3:159)

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The verses commanding reliance are many and well-known

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And He the Exalted said

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“And will provide for him from (a quarter) whence he hath no expectation. And whosoever putteth his trust in Allah, He will suffice him. Lo! Allah bringeth His command to pass. Allah hath set a measure for all things.” (65:3)

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Meaning: He is sufficient for him

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And He the Exalted said

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“They only are the (true) believers whose hearts feel fear when Allah is mentioned, and when His revelations are recited unto them they increase their faith, and who trust in their Lord;” (8:2)

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“They only are the (true) believers whose hearts feel fear when Allah is mentioned, and when His revelations are recited unto them they increase their faith, and who trust in their Lord;” (8:2)

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And upon their Lord they rely

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The verses regarding the virtue of reliance are many and well-known

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said

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The nations were presented to me

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I saw a prophet with a small group of followers

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And a prophet with one or two men

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And a prophet with no one with him

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Then a great multitude was raised up for me

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I thought they were my Ummah

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It was said to me, "This is Musa and his people"

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"But look toward the horizon"

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I looked, and there was a great multitude

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It was said to me

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"Look toward the other horizon"

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And there was a great multitude

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It was said to me

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"This is your Ummah"

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And with them are seventy thousand who will enter Paradise without reckoning or punishment

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Then he rose and entered his house

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The people began to discuss those who would enter Paradise without reckoning or punishment

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Some of them said

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"Perhaps they are those who accompanied the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him"

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And some of them said

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"Perhaps they are those who were born into Islam"

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And did not associate anything with Allah

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And they mentioned other things

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, came out to them and said

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"What are you discussing?"

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They informed him

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He said

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"They are those who do not seek ruqyah (incantations), nor do they perform it"

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"Nor do they practice augury (superstitious omens)"

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"And upon their Lord they rely"

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'Ukkashah ibn Mihsan stood up

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And said

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"Ask Allah to make me one of them"

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He said

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"You are one of them"

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Then another man stood up and said

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"Ask Allah to make me one of them"

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He said

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"'Ukkashah has preceded you to it"

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Agreed upon

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Al-ruhayt

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Diminutive of raht (a small group)

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They are fewer than ten people

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Al-ufuq

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The direction and the side

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A great multitude was raised up for me

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Meaning: Many people were presented to me

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Khada (discussed/spoke)

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They do not seek ruqyah

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Meaning: They do not recite anything to seek refuge from the evil of what has occurred or is expected

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Nor do they perform it

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Meaning: They do not request ruqyah from others

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Nor do they practice augury

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Meaning: They do not take omens from birds and the like

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From the benefits of the hadith

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The high status of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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As the nations were presented to him and he saw them

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Clarification of Allah’s favor upon His Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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In that his Ummah is the most numerous of nations

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Truth is not known by numbers or the count of raised fingers

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Since a prophet may come on the Day of Resurrection with only two men

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And a prophet may come with only one man

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And a prophet may come alone

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From this, it is clear that the truthfulness of a caller is not known by the number of his followers or supporters

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Allah’s honoring of this Ummah

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And that it is a merciful Ummah

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As seventy thousand of them will enter Paradise without reckoning

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Clarification of the virtue and superiority of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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The virtue of one who enters Islam

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And is not stained by any of the practices of the Age of Ignorance

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From the methods of teaching

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Raising an issue

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And letting students of knowledge discuss it

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Then guiding them to the truth

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The permissibility of a scholar asking his companions and students about their discussions

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To benefit them and remove disagreement among them

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Even if they did not speak to him about the matter

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The virtue of reliance upon Allah the Exalted

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And depending on Him to repel harm or bring benefit

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And what Allah the Exalted has prepared for those who rely on Him in terms of reward and recompense

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Ruqyah is partially prescribed

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Which is that which is done with the Holy Qur'an

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And that which is done with the established supplications from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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And some of it is not prescribed

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Which is that which stems from the practices of the Age of Ignorance, misguidance, and sorcery

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Which contradicts the soundness of faith and the perfection of reliance

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The prohibition of pessimism and augury

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Seizing the opportunity to harvest the fruit of goodness

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As 'Ukkashah, may Allah be pleased with him, did

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When he asked the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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To ask Allah that he be one of them

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The virtue of 'Ukkashah ibn Mihsan

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And that he is among the people of Paradise

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From this, it is clear that those promised Paradise are not only the ten

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Rather, they are more

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And the ten were only singled out for that

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Because they were mentioned in a single hadith

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, also

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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Used to say

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"O Allah, to You I have submitted"

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"And in You I have believed"

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"And upon You I have relied"

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"And to You I have turned in repentance"

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"And by You I have disputed"

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"O Allah, I seek refuge in Your might"

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“And (mention) Dhu'n-Nun, when he went off in anger and deemed that We had no power over him, but he cried out in the darkness, saying: There is no Allah save Thee. Be Thou Glorified! Lo! I have been a wrong-doer.” (21:87)

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"That You should lead me astray"

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"You are the Ever-Living who does not die"

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"While the jinn and mankind die"

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Agreed upon

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I have submitted

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Meaning: I have surrendered to Your command and Your decree

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I have relied

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Meaning: I have depended on Your management in all matters

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I have turned in repentance

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Meaning: I have returned to Your worship

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And turning toward that which brings one closer to You

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By You I have disputed

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Meaning: I have argued against the enemies of Allah for Your sake

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From the benefits of the hadith

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The obligation of reliance upon Allah the Exalted alone

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Because He is characterized by the attributes of perfection

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So He alone is the one to be relied upon

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Everything other than Allah is perishing

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And therefore it is not worthy

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Of being relied upon

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The recommendation of following the example of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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In these comprehensive and restrictive words

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Which express the sincerity of faith

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And the ultimate certainty

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, also, who said

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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Ibrahim, peace be upon him, said it

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When he was thrown into the fire

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And Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said it when they said

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"Indeed, the people have gathered against you, so fear them"

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It increased them in faith, and they said

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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Narrated by al-Bukhari

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And in a narration of his on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said

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The last words of Ibrahim, peace be upon him, were

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When he was thrown into the fire

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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From the benefits of the hadith

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The virtue of reliance upon Allah the Almighty

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And its necessity in difficult situations

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And part of the perfection of that is saying

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“Those unto whom men said: Lo! the people have gathered against you, therefor fear them. (The threat of danger) but increased the faith of them and they cried: Allah is Sufficient for us! Most Excellent is He in Whom we trust!” (3:173)

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Following the example of the prophets and those close to Allah the Exalted

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Through supplication and reliance upon Allah the Exalted

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Because they are the most severely tested of people

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Reliance upon Allah is the methodology of all the prophets

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The enemies of the Messenger attempt to inflict harm upon them and their followers

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The struggle of truth against falsehood and its people is ancient

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him

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From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said

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"People whose hearts are like the hearts of birds will enter Paradise"

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Narrated by Muslim

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It was said its meaning is those who rely upon Allah

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And it was said their hearts are tender

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From the benefits of the hadith

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Reliance upon Allah the Exalted and tenderness of heart

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Are among the causes for entering Paradise and attaining its bliss

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The believer who relies upon Allah the Exalted

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Does not carry in his heart the anxiety of his livelihood and provision

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For he is like the bird that strives for its daily sustenance

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On the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him

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That he went on a military expedition with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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Toward Najd

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When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, returned

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He returned with them

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The midday rest (qaylulah) overtook them in a valley full of thorny trees

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, dismounted

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And the people dispersed to seek shade under the trees

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, rested under a samurah tree

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And hung his sword upon it

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And we slept a sleep

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Suddenly, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was calling us

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And there was a Bedouin with him

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He said, "This man drew my sword against me while I was sleeping"

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He awoke to find the man holding his unsheathed sword.

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The man asked, "Who will protect you from me?"

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He replied, "Allah," three times.

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The man did not punish him and sat down.

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Agreed upon.

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In a narration, Jabir said:

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We were with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, at Dhat al-Riqa'.

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When we came upon a shady tree,

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we left it for the Messenger of Allah.

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Then a man from the polytheists came,

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while the sword of the Messenger of Allah was hanging from the tree.

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He drew it and said,

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"Do you fear me?"

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He said, "No."

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He said, "Then who will protect you from me?"

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He said, "Allah."

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In the narration of Abu Bakr al-Isma'ili in his Sahih:

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He said, "Who will protect you from me?"

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He said, "Allah."

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He said, "The sword fell from his hand."

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The Messenger of Allah took the sword and said,

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"Who will protect you from me?"

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He replied,

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"Be the best of those who take."

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He said,

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"Do you testify that there is no god but Allah,

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and that I am the Messenger of Allah?"

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He said, "No,

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but I will make a covenant with you that I will not fight you,

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nor will I be with a people who fight you."

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So he let him go.

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He went to his companions and said,

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"I have come to you from the best of people."

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His saying 'qathala' means he returned.

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'Al-'idah' refers to trees that have thorns.

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'Al-samurah' is a type of acacia tree.

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It is the largest of the thorny trees.

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'Ikhtarat' the sword

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means he drew it while it was in his hand.

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'Salt'

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means unsheathed.

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'Al-qa'ilah'

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is the time of the midday nap,

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which is sleeping during the afternoon.

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'Dhat al-Riqa''

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is the Battle of Dhat al-Riqa'.

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It was named that

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because they used to wrap rags around their feet.

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'Be the best of those who take'

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means by pardoning and forgiving,

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and responding to evil with good.

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'He let him go'

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means he showed him favor and released him.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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The courage of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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and the steadfastness of his heart in the face of danger.

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His trust in Allah the Exalted,

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the sincerity of his reliance upon Him,

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and his excellent turning to Him.

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His patience in the face of harm.

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The love of the Messenger, peace be upon him,

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and his companions for jihad in the way of Allah.

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The permissibility of soldiers dispersing when camping or sleeping,

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provided there is no fear of any threat.

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The effect of reliance upon Allah the Exalted

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in finding salvation from hardships.

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The protection of Allah, Majestic is His Majesty,

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for His Prophet, peace be upon him.

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The permissibility of informing companions

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about what happens to one,

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and that this is not considered showing off.

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The permissibility of hanging up one's weapon

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if one is trusted with it.

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The pardon of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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the nobility of his character,

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and his lack of personal vengeance.

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His foresight in matters,

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and his excellent handling of people

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to bring them to the truth.

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Riyad al-Salihin