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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The life of the salaf was defined by the harmony between their words and their deeds.

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Consider the state of the salaf at the time of death.

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The importance of remembering death and preparing for it.

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Safiyyah bint ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) related:

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A woman once complained to ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about the hardness of her heart.

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She replied, "Increase your remembrance of death."

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"Your heart will soften."

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She did so, and her heart softened.

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She then came to thank ‘A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her).

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‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

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"Whoever anticipates death hastens to perform good deeds."

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Abu al-Darda’ (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

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"No servant increases his remembrance of death

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except that his joy diminishes and his envy decreases."

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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

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"When a person dies,

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the angels ask,

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'What has he sent ahead?'

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while the people ask,

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'What has he left behind?'"

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It is narrated that Sa‘id ibn Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"If the remembrance of death were to depart from my heart,

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I would fear that my heart would become corrupted."

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Mutarrif ibn al-Shikhkhir (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"Indeed, this death has spoiled the comforts of those who live in luxury.

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Therefore, seek a comfort in which there is no death."

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Malik ibn Dinar (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"How strange it is for one who knows that death is his destination,

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and the grave is his final resting place,

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that his eyes find comfort in this world,

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or that he finds life in it pleasant."

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Then he wept.

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A poet said:

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"We go and come for our needs,

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and the needs of the living never cease.

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A person’s needs die with him,

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yet one need remains for him as long as he remains."

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Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"I saw Ahmad ibn Hanbal,

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and upon him were the signs of devotion.

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I heard him speak words that encompassed all goodness.

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I heard him say:

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'Whoever knows that when he dies he will be forgotten,

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he will do good and will not do evil.'"

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What has been said regarding death and its awe.

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‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked:

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"Regarding two souls whose death occurred at the exact same moment,

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one in the East and one in the West,

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how is the Angel of Death capable of reaching both?"

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He said:

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"What is the power of the Angel of Death over the people of the East and the West,

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and the darkness, the air, and the seas,

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but like a man with a table before him,

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taking from whichever part of it he wishes?"

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Ka‘b al-Ahbar (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"Whoever truly knows death,

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the calamities and sorrows of this world become insignificant to him."

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‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"This death has disturbed the people of the world in the midst of their worldly splendor and blossoms.

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While they are in the midst of it and occupied by it,

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a herald of death comes to them,

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and snatches them away from what they are in.

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Woe and regret, then, to those who did not fear death

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and remember it during times of ease,

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so that they might send forth good for themselves to find after they depart from this world and its people."

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Then ‘Umar wept until he was overcome by his tears,

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and he stood up.

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‘Abd al-‘Aziz Abu Marhum said:

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"We entered with al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) upon a sick man to visit him.

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When he sat beside him, he said:

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'How do you find yourself?'

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He replied, 'I find that I crave food,

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but I cannot swallow it.

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I crave drink,

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but I cannot gulp it down.'

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He said:

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Al-Hasan wept,

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and said:

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'This abode was founded upon sickness and disease.

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Even if you were to recover from these ailments and be cured of these diseases,

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would you be able to escape death?'"

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He said:

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The house erupted in weeping.

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He (may Allah have mercy on him) also said:

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"The healthy among you is merely awaiting an illness to strike him,

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the youth among you is awaiting old age to consume him,

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and the elder among you is awaiting death to fell him.

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Are these not the ends you hear about?

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Is it not tomorrow that the soul will depart the body?

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Tomorrow, the one who is stripped of his family and wealth,

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tomorrow, the one wrapped in his shroud,

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tomorrow, the one left in his pit,

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tomorrow, the one forgotten by the hearts of his loved ones,

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those for whom his efforts and sorrows were intended.

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O son of Adam,

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death has descended upon you.

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You see no one arriving,

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you do not come as a visitor,

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you do not speak to a relative,

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and you do not recognize a loved one.

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You are called, but you do not answer;

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you hear, but you do not comprehend.

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Your homes have been ruined,

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your children have been orphaned.

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Your gaze has become fixed,

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and your soul has departed.

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Your teeth have clenched,

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your knees have weakened,

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and your children have become strangers

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in the care of others."

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He (may Allah have mercy on him) also said:

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"Death has disgraced this world,

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leaving no joy in it

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for any person of intellect."

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Dunya said:

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"I found a note at a funeral

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on which was written:

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'You have given your concern to the world,

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and have forgotten the swift arrival of death.

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By Allah,

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there shall descend upon you

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a dark day of death

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that will make you forget the long enjoyment of worldly blessings.

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You shall surely regret it,

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but regret will not avail you.

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Beware, beware!

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Beware before the suddenness of death

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and dwelling among the people of the graves.'"

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A man said to one of the salaf:

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"Advise me."

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He replied, "The army of death is waiting for you."

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Zayd ibn Aslam

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(may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"If there remains for a believer

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any of his sins

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that he has not reached through his deeds,

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death is made severe for him

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so that he may reach his rank in Paradise

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through the agonies and hardships of death.

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And if a disbeliever

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has performed any good deed

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in this world,

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death is made easy for him

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so that he may complete the reward for his good deed in this world,

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then he proceeds to the Fire."

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Ibrahim ibn al-Ash‘ath

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said:

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"When we would go out with al-Fudayl

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(may Allah have mercy on him) to a funeral,

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he would not cease to preach, remind, and weep,

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as if he were bidding farewell to his companions,

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about to depart for the Hereafter.

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When he reached the graveyard,

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he would sit,

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and it was as if he were sitting among the dead,

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such was his grief and weeping,

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until he stood up,

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as if he had returned from the Hereafter

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to tell us about it."

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What has been said regarding funerals, graves,

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and the moment of death.

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Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

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"When the disbeliever is placed in his grave,

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he sees his seat in the Fire.

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He says,

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'My Lord, send me back,

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that I may repent and do righteous deeds.'

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It is said to him,

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'You were given a lifespan long enough to have done so.'

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Then his grave constricts upon him,

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and he is like one being bitten,

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sleeping and waking in terror,

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while the vermin of the earth swarm toward him,

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its snakes and its scorpions."

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Ibrahim al-Nakha‘i (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"They used to attend a funeral

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and remain sorrowful for days,

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and that was evident in them."

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He said:

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"But you, in your funerals, talk

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about the affairs of your worldly life."

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Al-A‘mash (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"We used to attend a funeral

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and we would not know whom to console

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because of the grief of the people."

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He (may Allah have mercy on him) also said:

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"I reached the people,

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and when there was a funeral among them,

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they would come and sit in silence,

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not speaking.

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When the body was placed down,

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I would look at every man,

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with his arms folded across his chest,

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as if it were his father, his brother, or his son."

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Salam ibn Abi Muti‘

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(may Allah have mercy on him) said:

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"I attended a funeral with Qatadah (may Allah have mercy on him),

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He did not speak until he turned away.

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I witnessed al-Hariri, may Allah have mercy on him, at a funeral.

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He did not cease weeping until the people dispersed.

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I witnessed Muhammad Ibn Wasi', may Allah have mercy on him, at a funeral.

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He remained with his head covered and bowed.

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He would not look to the right or to the left.

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It was said to Sufyan Ibn 'Uyaynah, may Allah have mercy on him:

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"Why is it recommended to lower one's voice at funerals?"

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He said:

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"They likened it to the gathering before Allah."

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Have you not heard Him say:

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﴾And voices have been humbled before the Most Merciful﴿.

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“On that day they follow the summoner who deceiveth not, and voices are hushed for the Beneficent, and thou hearest but a faint murmur.” (20:108)

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Al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, was at a funeral.

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He saw a man speaking to his companion and smiling at him.

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He said:

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"Subhan Allah!

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Is there not enough in what is before you to occupy you from smiling?"

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Al-Hasan said:

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"They used to hold death in such reverence that no voice would be raised in its presence."

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Muhammad Ibn Ka'b al-Qurazi said:

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"I came to 'Umar Ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, may Allah have mercy on him, while he was Caliph.

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When I entered upon him, I stared at him.

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He said:

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'You are looking at me in a way you did not look at me in Medina.'

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Meaning, when he was the governor there.

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I said:

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'Yes, O Commander of the Faithful.

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I am amazed at how your body has wasted away,

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how your complexion has changed,

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and how your hair has thinned.'

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He said:

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'How would it be if you saw me three days after I am in the grave,

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with my eyeballs fallen onto my cheeks,

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and pus and worms coming out of my nostrils and mouth?

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You would find me even more unrecognizable.'"

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A man said to Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him:

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"Advise me."

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He said to him:

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"Look for the thing you most desire to have as a neighbor in your grave, and act accordingly."

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[He acted upon it.]

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The grave is the resting place of the believer.

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Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"When the soul of a servant is taken,

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he is met by the people of mercy among the servants of Allah,

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just as they meet a bearer of good news in this world.

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They approach him to ask him,

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and some say to others:

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'Wait for your brother so he may rest,

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for he was in great distress.'

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Then they approach him and ask, 'What did so-and-so do?

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What did so-and-so do?

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Did she get married?'

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If they ask about a man who died before him,

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he says to them:

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'He has already perished.'

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They say:

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“Who say, when a misfortune striketh them: Lo! we are Allah's and lo! unto Him we are returning.” (2:156)

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'He was taken to his mother, the Abyss (Hawiyah).

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What a wretched mother,

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and what a wretched guardian!'

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He said:

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'Then his deeds are presented to them.

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If they see good,

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they rejoice and are glad,

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and they say:

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'This is Your favor upon Your servant,

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so complete it.'

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And if they see evil, they say:

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'O Allah, return Your servant to the right path.'"

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Masruq, may Allah have mercy on him, said:

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"There is no house better for the believer than a niche in the grave,

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in which he has rested from the worries of the world

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and is secure from the punishment of Allah."

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Instructing the dying person to testify to the faith.

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'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"Attend to your dying ones and remind them,

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for they see what you do not see.

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And instruct them to testify:

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'There is no god but Allah.'"

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Al-Hasan Ibn al-Rabi' said:

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"I heard Ibn al-Mubarak, may Allah have mercy on him,

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when death was upon him.

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Nasir came to him and said:

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'O Abu 'Abd al-Rahman,

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say: There is no god but Allah.'

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He said to him:

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'O Nasir,

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you see how difficult speech is for me.

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If you hear me say it,

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do not prompt me again

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until you hear me

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speak something else after it.'

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For they used to love

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that this be the last of a servant's speech."