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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar.

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Surah Hud.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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"And to Madyan [We sent] their brother Shu‘ayb."

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He said, "O my people, worship Allah; you have no god other than Him."

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"And do not decrease the measure and the scale."

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“And unto Midian (We sent) their brother Shu'eyb. He said: O my people! Serve Allah. Ye have no other Allah save Him! And give not short measure and short weight. Lo! I see you well-to-do, and lo! I fear for you the doom of a besetting Day.” (11:84)

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“And unto Midian (We sent) their brother Shu'eyb. He said: O my people! Serve Allah. Ye have no other Allah save Him! And give not short measure and short weight. Lo! I see you well-to-do, and lo! I fear for you the doom of a besetting Day.” (11:84)

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We sent to Madyan their brother Shu‘ayb.

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When he came to them, he said:

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"O my people, obey Allah."

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Humble yourselves before Him in obedience to what He has commanded you and what He has forbidden you.

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You have no deity other than Him who deserves your worship.

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Do not deprive people of their rights by cheating in your measures and scales.

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I see that Allah has expanded your worldly prosperity,

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in terms of wealth and the adornments of life.

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I fear for you, should you disobey the command of Allah,

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that a punishment of a day encompassing you in its torment will befall you.

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“O my people! Give full measure and full weight in justice, and wrong not people in respect of their goods. And do not evil in the earth, causing corruption.” (11:85)

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Do not diminish the things of the people, and do not roam the earth causing corruption.

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O my people, give full measure and weight with justice.

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Do not deprive people of their rights.

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Do not roam the earth engaging in acts of disobedience to Allah.

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What Allah leaves for you of provision, after you have given people their full rights by measure and scale with equity,

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is better for you than what remains for you by cheating people of their rights in measure and scale,

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if you are believers in the promise and warning of Allah.

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I am not a watcher over you, O people, to monitor you in your measuring and weighing.

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“They said: O Shu'eyb! Doth thy way of prayer command thee that we should forsake that which our fathers (used to) worship, or that we (should leave off) doing what we will with our own property. Lo! thou art the mild, the guide to right behaviour.” (11:87)

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“They said: O Shu'eyb! Doth thy way of prayer command thee that we should forsake that which our fathers (used to) worship, or that we (should leave off) doing what we will with our own property. Lo! thou art the mild, the guide to right behaviour.” (11:87)

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The people of Shu‘ayb said, "O Shu‘ayb, does your prayer command you that we should abandon the worship of what our fathers worshipped—the idols and statues?"

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"Or that we should do with our wealth whatever we wish, such as cheating people in measure and weight?"

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"You are indeed the forbearing, the wise, whom anger does not drive to do what he would not do in a state of contentment."

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He is a man of sound judgment in his command to them to abandon the worship of idols.

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“He said: O my people! Bethink you: if I am (acting) on a clear proof from my Lord and He sustaineth me with fair sustenance from Him (how can I concede aught to you)? I desire not to do behind your backs that which I ask you not to do. I desire naught save reform so far as I am able. My welfare is only in Allah. In Him I trust and unto Him I turn (repentant).” (11:88)

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“He said: O my people! Bethink you: if I am (acting) on a clear proof from my Lord and He sustaineth me with fair sustenance from Him (how can I concede aught to you)? I desire not to do behind your backs that which I ask you not to do. I desire naught save reform so far as I am able. My welfare is only in Allah. In Him I trust and unto Him I turn (repentant).” (11:88)

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“He said: O my people! Bethink you: if I am (acting) on a clear proof from my Lord and He sustaineth me with fair sustenance from Him (how can I concede aught to you)? I desire not to do behind your backs that which I ask you not to do. I desire naught save reform so far as I am able. My welfare is only in Allah. In Him I trust and unto Him I turn (repentant).” (11:88)

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Shu‘ayb said to his people:

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"O my people, have you considered if I am upon clear evidence and proof from my Lord regarding what I call you to—the worship of Allah?"

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"And He has provided me from Himself with a good and lawful provision."

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"I do not wish to forbid you from something and then do the opposite myself."

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"I desire nothing in what I command you and forbid you except your reform and the reform of your affairs, as much as I am able."

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So that you may not be afflicted by a punishment from Allah for disobeying His command.

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My success in attempting to reform you and your affairs is only through Allah.

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For He is the Helper in that.

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To Allah I entrust my affair, for He is my reliance.

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To Him I turn in obedience, and to Him I return in repentance.

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“And, O my people! Let not the schism with me cause you to sin so that there befall you that which befell the folk of Noah and the folk of Hud, and the folk of Salih; and the folk of Lot are not far off from you.” (11:89)

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“And, O my people! Let not the schism with me cause you to sin so that there befall you that which befell the folk of Noah and the folk of Hud, and the folk of Salih; and the folk of Lot are not far off from you.” (11:89)

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O my people, let not your enmity and hatred toward me drive you to persist in the disbelief in Allah that you are upon,

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lest there befall you the like of what befell the people of Nuh through drowning,

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or the people of Hud through the punishment, or the people of Salih through the earthquake.

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And the people of Lut are not far from you in their destruction.

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Will you not take a lesson and heed the warning?

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“Ask pardon of your Lord and then turn unto Him (repentant). Lo! my Lord is Merciful, Loving.” (11:90)

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Seek forgiveness from your Lord, O people, for your sins.

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Then return to His obedience and adhere to His commands and prohibitions.

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Indeed, my Lord is Merciful to those who repent and turn to Him.

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He is Loving, full of affection for those who turn and repent to Him.

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“They said: O Shu'eyb! We understand not much of that thou tellest, and lo! we do behold thee weak among us. But for thy family, we should have stoned thee, for thou art not strong against us.” (11:91)

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“They said: O Shu'eyb! We understand not much of that thou tellest, and lo! we do behold thee weak among us. But for thy family, we should have stoned thee, for thou art not strong against us.” (11:91)

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"And were it not for your family, we would have stoned you."

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“They said: O Shu'eyb! We understand not much of that thou tellest, and lo! we do behold thee weak among us. But for thy family, we should have stoned thee, for thou art not strong against us.” (11:91)

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The people of Shu‘ayb said:

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"O Shu‘ayb, we do not understand much of what you say and tell us."

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“They said: O Shu'eyb! We understand not much of that thou tellest, and lo! we do behold thee weak among us. But for thy family, we should have stoned thee, for thou art not strong against us.” (11:91)

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It was mentioned that he was blind.

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"And were it not for your clan and your people, we would have stoned you."

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It is said: "We would have killed you."

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"And you are not honored among us."

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So it is not a great matter for us to humiliate or disgrace you.

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Rather, that is easy for us.

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Shu‘ayb said to his people:

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"O my people, do you hold your clan in higher esteem,"

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"so that they are more dear to you than Allah?"

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"And you have treated your Lord with contempt,"

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"casting Him behind your backs,"

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"and you do not revere Him as He truly deserves to be revered."

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"Indeed, my Lord encompasses your deeds with His knowledge."

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Nothing of it is hidden from Him.

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He will recompense you for all of it, sooner or later.

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"O my people, work according to your position,"

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"I am working."

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"Soon you will know to whom will come a punishment that will disgrace him,"

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"and who is the liar."

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“And, O my people! Act according to your power, lo! I (too) am acting. Ye will soon know on whom there cometh a doom that will abase him, and who it is that lieth. And watch! Lo! I am a watcher with you.” (11:93)

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"O my people, work according to your ability in the work you do."

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"I am working with patience and deliberation in the work I do."

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"Soon you will know, O people, which of us,"

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"a punishment will come to that will humiliate and disgrace him,"

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"and who is the liar among us in his speech and report."

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"And wait."

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"I am also waiting for that punishment with you."

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We saved Shu‘ayb and those who believed with him by a mercy from Us.

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“And when Our commandment came to pass We saved Shu'eyb and those who believed with him by a mercy from Us; and the (Awful) Cry seized those who did injustice, and morning found them prostrate in their dwellings,” (11:94)

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“And when Our commandment came to pass We saved Shu'eyb and those who believed with him by a mercy from Us; and the (Awful) Cry seized those who did injustice, and morning found them prostrate in their dwellings,” (11:94)

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As if they had never prospered therein.

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Behold, away with Madyan, just as Thamud was sent away.

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When Our decree came regarding the people of Shu‘ayb with Our punishment,

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We saved Shu‘ayb, Our messenger, and those who believed him against the punishment that came to them,

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by a mercy from Us for him and for those who believed in him.

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A blast from the sky seized those who had wronged, silencing them.

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They became in their homes fallen upon their knees, lying dead in their courtyards.

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As if the people of Shu‘ayb had never lived there before they were found fallen in their homes.

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Behold, may Allah distance Madyan from His mercy,

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just as Thamud, who were before them, were distanced from His mercy,

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by the descent of His wrath upon them.

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“Unto Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they did follow the command of Pharaoh, and the command of Pharaoh was no right guide.” (11:97)

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“Unto Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they did follow the command of Pharaoh, and the command of Pharaoh was no right guide.” (11:97)

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We sent Musa with Our signs of Our Oneness,

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and a clear proof that shows to anyone who witnesses it that it points to the Oneness of Allah.

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We sent him to Pharaoh and the chiefs of his army and his followers.

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They denied the Oneness of Allah.

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The chiefs of Pharaoh followed the command of Pharaoh instead of the command of Allah.

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The command of Pharaoh does not guide those who follow him to any good.

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Nor does it lead them to righteousness.

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Rather, it leads them into the Fire of Hell.

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“He will go before his people on the Day of Resurrection and will lead them to the Fire for watering-place. Ah, hapless is the watering-place (whither they are) led.” (11:98)

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And wretched is the place to which they are led.

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Pharaoh will lead his people on the Day of Resurrection,

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and he will lead them into the Fire.

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And wretched is the place to which they are led.

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“A curse is made to follow them in the world and on the Day of Resurrection. Hapless is the gift (that will be) given (them).” (11:99)

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Wretched is the gift that is bestowed.

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Allah followed them in this—meaning in this worldly life—with His curse.

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And on the Day of Resurrection, they will also be cursed with another curse.

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Wretched is the aid that is provided.

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The two curses from Allah have followed one upon another for them.

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That is from the news of the towns We relate to you.

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Of them are some that are standing and some that are harvested.

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This narrative that We have mentioned to you in this Surah,

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is from the news of the towns whose people We destroyed for their disbelief in Allah.

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We relate it to you, informing you of it.

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Some of them have their structures still standing.

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And some of them are "harvested"—their structures are ruined and collapsed.

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“We wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves; and their gods on whom they call beside Allah availed them naught when came thy Lord's command; they added to them naught save ruin.” (11:101)

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“We wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves; and their gods on whom they call beside Allah availed them naught when came thy Lord's command; they added to them naught save ruin.” (11:101)

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“We wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves; and their gods on whom they call beside Allah availed them naught when came thy Lord's command; they added to them naught save ruin.” (11:101)

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“We wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves; and their gods on whom they call beside Allah availed them naught when came thy Lord's command; they added to them naught save ruin.” (11:101)

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We did not punish the people of these towns whose news We have related to you, O Muhammad,

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without them deserving Our punishment.

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For then We would have placed Our punishment in other than its proper place.

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But they brought punishment upon themselves by their disobedience.

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“We wronged them not, but they did wrong themselves; and their gods on whom they call beside Allah availed them naught when came thy Lord's command; they added to them naught save ruin.” (11:101)

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When the decree of your Lord came with their punishment,

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their gods did not avail these polytheists anything when the command of your Lord came with the punishment of Allah,

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other than causing them loss, destruction, and ruin.

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“Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102)

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“Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102)

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Just as We seized, O people, the inhabitants of these towns for their opposition to My command,

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so too is the seizing of the towns and their inhabitants when I seize them with My punishment.

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Indeed, the seizing of your Lord with punishment is painful and severe.

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“Lo! herein verily there is a portent for those who fear the doom of the Hereafter. That is a day unto which mankind will be gathered, and that is a day that will be witnessed.” (11:103)

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“Lo! herein verily there is a portent for those who fear the doom of the Hereafter. That is a day unto which mankind will be gathered, and that is a day that will be witnessed.” (11:103)

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In Our seizing of those whom We seized from the inhabitants of the towns,

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there is a lesson and an admonition for those who fear the punishment of Allah in the Hereafter among His servants.

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This day is a day when Allah will gather the people from their graves.

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It is a day that all creatures will witness; not one of them will be absent.

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He will then take retribution from those who disobeyed Allah, opposed His command, and denied His messengers.

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“And We defer it only to a term already reckoned.” (11:104)

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We do not delay the Day of Resurrection for you except for a term

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that is counted and numbered; it will not come except at its appointed time.

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The day it comes, no soul will speak except by His permission.

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Among them will be the wretched and the blessed.

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“As for those who will be wretched (on that day) they will be in the Fire; sighing and wailing will be their portion therein,” (11:106)

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“As for those who will be wretched (on that day) they will be in the Fire; sighing and wailing will be their portion therein,” (11:106)

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They will abide therein as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except what your Lord wills.

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“Abiding there so long as the heavens and the earth endure save for that which thy Lord willeth. Lo! thy Lord is Doer of what He will.” (11:107)

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On the day it comes, the Day of Resurrection, O people,

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no soul will speak except by the permission of its Lord.

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Among these souls will be the wretched and the blessed.

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As for those who were wretched,

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they will be in the Fire, having therein a loud wailing,

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and gasping in their chests.

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They will abide therein as long as the heavens and the earth endure, forever,

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except what your Lord wills regarding the people of Tawhid, for He will bring them out of the Fire.

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Indeed, your Lord, O Muhammad, is not prevented by any obstacle from doing what He wills.