WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.859 --> 00:00:16.320 Surah al-Nisa'. 00:00:18.239 --> 00:00:22.600 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.760 --> 00:00:26.440 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:00:26.440 --> 00:00:30.239 "...if they have no child." 00:00:30.399 --> 00:00:35.280 "...and if they have a child..." 00:00:35.280 --> 00:00:39.679 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:00:40.000 --> 00:00:47.159 "...after any bequest they may have made or debt." 00:00:47.399 --> 00:00:52.079 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:00:52.079 --> 00:00:54.679 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:00:55.000 --> 00:00:58.359 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:00:58.399 --> 00:01:03.399 "...then to them belongs an eighth of what you leave..." 00:01:03.679 --> 00:01:10.760 "...after any bequest you may have made or debt." 00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:17.879 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:01:17.879 --> 00:01:23.799 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:01:23.799 --> 00:01:27.959 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:01:28.359 --> 00:01:32.799 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:01:32.799 --> 00:01:36.640 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:01:37.000 --> 00:01:47.700 "...after any bequest that is made or debt, causing no harm." 00:01:47.700 --> 00:01:51.659 "An ordinance from Allah..." 00:01:52.019 --> 00:01:56.099 "...and Allah is Knowing and Forbearing." 00:01:57.439 --> 00:01:58.840 And to you, O people, belongs— 00:01:58.879 --> 00:02:00.680 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:02:00.680 --> 00:02:03.519 after their death, of their wealth and inheritance— 00:02:03.840 --> 00:02:06.680 if they do not have a child on the day they die. 00:02:07.239 --> 00:02:09.639 But if your wives have, on the day of death, 00:02:09.639 --> 00:02:11.800 a child—whether male or female— 00:02:12.199 --> 00:02:14.240 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:02:14.240 --> 00:02:15.800 of wealth and inheritance, 00:02:16.199 --> 00:02:19.439 that share is yours after the settlement of their debts 00:02:19.680 --> 00:02:22.800 and after the execution of their permissible bequests, 00:02:22.800 --> 00:02:24.520 if they have made any such bequest. 00:02:25.120 --> 00:02:27.000 And to your wives, O people, belongs 00:02:27.039 --> 00:02:29.479 a fourth of what you leave after your death, 00:02:29.479 --> 00:02:30.960 of wealth and inheritance, 00:02:31.479 --> 00:02:33.960 if death comes to one of you 00:02:33.960 --> 00:02:36.719 and he has no child, male or female. 00:02:37.439 --> 00:02:39.879 But if death comes to one of you 00:02:39.879 --> 00:02:42.280 and he leaves a child, male or female— 00:02:42.840 --> 00:02:45.199 whether the child is one or more— 00:02:45.719 --> 00:02:49.120 then your wives shall receive an eighth of your wealth, 00:02:49.560 --> 00:02:51.560 after the settlement of your debts 00:02:51.960 --> 00:02:54.800 and after the execution of your permissible bequests 00:02:54.800 --> 00:02:56.479 that you have made. 00:02:57.240 --> 00:02:59.280 "And if a man or a woman..." 00:02:59.280 --> 00:03:01.240 whose inheritance is left to distant relatives (kalalah)... 00:03:01.800 --> 00:03:04.439 The kalalah are those who inherit from the deceased 00:03:04.439 --> 00:03:06.439 other than his children or parents. 00:03:07.159 --> 00:03:09.759 And if the man whose inheritance is left as kalalah has 00:03:09.759 --> 00:03:11.759 a brother or a sister from his mother's side, 00:03:12.280 --> 00:03:14.599 then each one of them receives a sixth. 00:03:15.080 --> 00:03:18.439 Thus, if the maternal brother or sister is alone, 00:03:19.120 --> 00:03:21.039 but if a brother and a sister are combined, 00:03:21.439 --> 00:03:24.560 or two maternal brothers with no third, 00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:26.400 or two maternal sisters likewise, 00:03:27.039 --> 00:03:30.240 then each of them receives from the inheritance of their maternal sibling 00:03:30.240 --> 00:03:31.759 a sixth share, 00:03:32.539 --> 00:03:36.259 and if the maternal brothers and sisters of the deceased leaving the kalalah 00:03:36.259 --> 00:03:38.500 are more than two, 00:03:39.060 --> 00:03:40.900 “And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother's side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.” (4:12) 00:03:41.500 --> 00:03:44.020 this is after the settlement of the deceased's debts 00:03:44.539 --> 00:03:46.979 and after the execution of his permissible bequests 00:03:46.979 --> 00:03:49.180 that he made during his lifetime, 00:03:49.860 --> 00:03:53.099 without causing harm to his heirs regarding their inheritance from him. 00:03:53.860 --> 00:03:55.780 This is a covenant from Allah to you 00:03:55.819 --> 00:03:59.099 regarding what is due to you of the inheritance of those among you who die. 00:03:59.860 --> 00:04:03.620 And Allah is All-Knowing of what benefits or harms His creation, 00:04:04.139 --> 00:04:07.219 and of who should receive inheritance and who should be deprived of it, 00:04:07.659 --> 00:04:10.139 as well as all other affairs of His servants; 00:04:10.860 --> 00:04:12.379 He is Most Forbearing toward His creation, 00:04:12.939 --> 00:04:16.540 patient in withholding immediate punishment 00:04:16.540 --> 00:04:18.740 for their oppression of one another. 00:04:19.629 --> 00:04:22.470 "These are the limits set by Allah..." 00:04:22.910 --> 00:04:29.910 "...and whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, He will admit him to Gardens..." 00:04:30.470 --> 00:04:37.430 "...will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow," 00:04:37.430 --> 00:04:39.550 "...abiding eternally therein," 00:04:40.069 --> 00:04:43.189 "...and that is the supreme success." 00:04:44.410 --> 00:04:47.569 This division is what your Lord has apportioned for you; 00:04:48.170 --> 00:04:51.850 these are distinct limits by which He demarcates obedience to Allah from disobedience to Him 00:04:52.290 --> 00:04:54.769 regarding the distribution of the inheritances of your deceased. 00:04:55.560 --> 00:04:59.399 And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger by acting upon what He commanded 00:04:59.839 --> 00:05:04.600 and adhering to the limits set for him in the division of inheritance and other matters, 00:05:05.160 --> 00:05:09.160 Allah will admit him into gardens beneath whose trees rivers flow, 00:05:09.720 --> 00:05:14.199 remaining therein forever, never dying and never perishing; 00:05:14.920 --> 00:05:17.360 and Allah's admitting them into the Gardens 00:05:17.639 --> 00:05:19.279 is the supreme success. 00:05:20.660 --> 00:05:28.540 “And whoso disobeyeth Allah and His messenger and transgresseth His limits, He will make him enter Fire, where he will dwell for ever; his will be a shameful doom.” (4:14) 00:05:29.060 --> 00:05:37.100 “And whoso disobeyeth Allah and His messenger and transgresseth His limits, He will make him enter Fire, where he will dwell for ever; his will be a shameful doom.” (4:14) 00:05:38.500 --> 00:05:42.420 And whoever disobey Allah and His Messenger by failing to act upon what they commanded 00:05:42.939 --> 00:05:46.699 regarding the distribution of inheritance and other obligatory duties set by Allah, 00:05:47.180 --> 00:05:52.779 and transcends the boundaries of His obedience that He established as a dividing line against disobedience, 00:05:53.420 --> 00:05:56.420 Allah will admit him into a Fire, abiding therein forever, 00:05:56.860 --> 00:05:59.259 and he will suffer a humiliating punishment. 00:06:00.279 --> 00:06:16.000 “As for those of your women who are guilty of lewdness, call to witness four of you against them. And if they testify (to the truth of the allegation) then confine them to the houses until death take them or (until) Allah appoint for them a way (through new legislation).” (4:15) 00:06:16.480 --> 00:06:25.800 “As for those of your women who are guilty of lewdness, call to witness four of you against them. And if they testify (to the truth of the allegation) then confine them to the houses until death take them or (until) Allah appoint for them a way (through new legislation).” (4:15) 00:06:26.360 --> 00:06:34.720 “As for those of your women who are guilty of lewdness, call to witness four of you against them. And if they testify (to the truth of the allegation) then confine them to the houses until death take them or (until) Allah appoint for them a way (through new legislation).” (4:15) 00:06:36.029 --> 00:06:39.069 "And those of your women who commit illegal sexual intercourse..." 00:06:39.589 --> 00:06:44.350 whether they are chaste married women or unmarried, 00:06:44.910 --> 00:06:51.029 "...call against them four male witnesses from among you..." testifying to their immorality. 00:06:51.709 --> 00:06:56.430 "...And if they testify, confine the women in houses until death takes them," 00:06:56.949 --> 00:07:03.029 "...or Allah ordains for them a way out" and a path to escape from what they committed of immorality. 00:07:04.180 --> 00:07:09.459 "And those two among you who commit it, punish them both..." 00:07:09.779 --> 00:07:15.459 “And as for the two of you who are guilty thereof, punish them both. And if they repent and improve, then let them be. Lo! Allah is ever relenting, Merciful.” (4:16) 00:07:15.939 --> 00:07:21.300 “And as for the two of you who are guilty thereof, punish them both. And if they repent and improve, then let them be. Lo! Allah is ever relenting, Merciful.” (4:16) 00:07:22.740 --> 00:07:25.779 Namely, the unmarried man and woman, 00:07:26.339 --> 00:07:31.740 who commit immorality while being Muslims, so punish them both. 00:07:32.379 --> 00:07:37.420 Punishment (adha) includes all forms of hardship, whether by harsh words of the tongue or by physical action. 00:07:37.980 --> 00:07:43.500 Allah subsequently abrogated this ruling with the legal prescriptions He rendered obligatory upon His servants in Surah al-Nur. 00:07:44.139 --> 00:07:47.339 "And if they repent" from immorality "and reform" their religious practice, 00:07:47.860 --> 00:07:50.740 "then turn away from them" and cease harming them. 00:07:51.459 --> 00:07:55.740 Indeed, Allah is ever accepting of His servants' return to what He loves, 00:07:56.220 --> 00:07:58.899 whenever they return to what He loves of His obedience; 00:07:59.459 --> 00:08:01.100 He is full of mercy and compassion. 00:08:07.579 --> 00:08:10.540 "...evil out of ignorance..." 00:08:11.259 --> 00:08:15.740 “Forgiveness is only incumbent on Allah toward those who do evil in ignorance (and) then turn quickly (in repentance) to Allah. These are they toward whom Allah relenteth. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.” (4:17) 00:08:16.540 --> 00:08:19.579 "...and then repent..." 00:08:20.459 --> 00:08:24.699 “Forgiveness is only incumbent on Allah toward those who do evil in ignorance (and) then turn quickly (in repentance) to Allah. These are they toward whom Allah relenteth. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.” (4:17) 00:08:25.420 --> 00:08:29.420 “Forgiveness is only incumbent on Allah toward those who do evil in ignorance (and) then turn quickly (in repentance) to Allah. These are they toward whom Allah relenteth. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.” (4:17) 00:08:30.220 --> 00:08:33.500 "...And Allah was ever Knowing and Wise." 00:08:35.049 --> 00:08:37.690 The repentance accepted by Allah is not for any of His creation 00:08:38.090 --> 00:08:43.049 except those who commit whatever sins they commit out of ignorance, 00:08:43.610 --> 00:08:48.570 whether they intended the sin or were unaware of what Allah has prepared for those who commit it; 00:08:49.129 --> 00:08:50.970 thus, it is an act performed in the manner of the ignorant. 00:08:51.690 --> 00:08:55.289 Then they return to the obedience of Allah before their death, 00:08:55.929 --> 00:08:59.850 so to those Allah grants guidance to return to His obedience. 00:09:00.570 --> 00:09:05.850 Allah has ever been Knowing of His servants who turn back to Him in obedience 00:09:06.330 --> 00:09:08.649 and of all other affairs of His creation, 00:09:09.210 --> 00:09:11.929 Wise in accepting the repentance of whoever repents, 00:09:12.490 --> 00:09:15.690 and in all other aspects of His management and decree. 00:09:16.679 --> 00:09:21.720 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:09:21.720 --> 00:09:25.559 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:09:26.200 --> 00:09:29.799 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:09:29.799 --> 00:09:33.320 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:09:33.879 --> 00:09:37.559 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:09:37.559 --> 00:09:42.120 "...nor for those who die while they are disbelievers." 00:09:42.679 --> 00:09:49.000 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:09:50.299 --> 00:09:56.139 Repentance is not accepted for those who persist in bad deeds from among those who insist on disobeying Allah, 00:09:56.779 --> 00:09:59.500 until when death reaches one of them, 00:09:59.980 --> 00:10:03.019 and he beholds the angels of his Lord coming to take his soul, 00:10:03.500 --> 00:10:05.500 “The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.” (4:18) 00:10:06.059 --> 00:10:08.539 such a person has no repentance accepted with Allah. 00:10:09.299 --> 00:10:12.580 Nor is repentance for those who die while they are disbelievers; 00:10:13.139 --> 00:10:17.299 for those We have prepared a painful and agonizing punishment. 00:10:18.220 --> 00:10:27.820 “O ye who believe! It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen), nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness. But consort with them in kindness, for if ye hate them it may happen that ye hate a thing wherein Allah hath placed much good.” (4:19) 00:10:28.299 --> 00:10:35.659 "...and do not treat them harshly in order to take back part of what you gave them..." 00:10:35.659 --> 00:10:45.740 "...unless they commit a clear immorality." 00:10:45.740 --> 00:10:50.460 "...And live with them in kindness..." 00:10:50.460 --> 00:10:57.500 "...for if you dislike them, it may be that you dislike a thing..." 00:10:57.820 --> 00:11:06.779 “O ye who believe! It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen), nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness. But consort with them in kindness, for if ye hate them it may happen that ye hate a thing wherein Allah hath placed much good.” (4:19) 00:11:08.379 --> 00:11:11.419 O you who have believed Allah and His Messenger, 00:11:12.059 --> 00:11:17.580 it is not lawful for you to inherit the marriage of the women of your relatives and fathers against their will; 00:11:18.139 --> 00:11:22.620 nor is it lawful for you, O believers, to confine your wives 00:11:23.100 --> 00:11:28.220 and bring hardship upon them, withholding their lawful provision and clothing, 00:11:28.860 --> 00:11:32.779 in order to take away part of the bridal gift (mahr) you gave them, 00:11:33.340 --> 00:11:38.700 unless they commit a clear immorality, such as adultery or verbal abuse against you, 00:11:39.179 --> 00:11:42.779 that is manifest and evident to people as an immorality; 00:11:43.340 --> 00:11:47.340 in that case, it becomes lawful for you to treat them harshly and restrict them 00:11:47.820 --> 00:11:49.259 so that they may ransom themselves from you, 00:11:49.740 --> 00:11:53.340 enabling you to take back part of the dowry you gave them. 00:11:54.120 --> 00:11:58.679 And treat your wives well, O men, and companion them in kindness, 00:11:59.240 --> 00:12:02.759 by fulfilling their rights that Allah has made obligatory for them. 00:12:03.399 --> 00:12:06.759 And you may dislike them yet retain them in marriage, 00:12:07.320 --> 00:12:09.320 for it may be that you dislike a thing 00:12:09.799 --> 00:12:15.320 and Allah places much good in your retaining them despite your dislike— 00:12:15.799 --> 00:12:17.799 such as a child He grants you through them, 00:12:18.279 --> 00:12:21.240 or your affection returning to them after your initial dislike, 00:12:21.240 --> 00:12:25.159 thus Allah places abundant good in her offspring. 00:12:52.740 --> 00:12:58.820 And if you desire, O believers, to marry a woman in place of a wife whom you divorce, 00:12:59.299 --> 00:13:04.259 and you have given the one you intend to divorce a great sum of wealth as dowry, 00:13:04.740 --> 00:13:11.059 do not harm them when you intend to divorce them so that they ransom themselves with what you gave them. 00:13:11.620 --> 00:13:17.460 Do you take back what you gave them of their dowries unjustly, without right, and sinfully? 00:13:18.019 --> 00:13:21.379 The ruling has made it clear that whoever takes it back is an oppressor. 00:13:22.250 --> 00:13:37.370 “How can ye take it (back) after one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have taken a strong pledge from you?” (4:21) 00:13:38.710 --> 00:13:44.389 On what basis would you take back from your wives what you gave them as dowries 00:13:44.950 --> 00:13:49.590 when you intend to divorce them and replace them with other wives, 00:13:50.070 --> 00:13:55.669 seeing that you have been intimate with one another through intercourse, physical touch, and embrace, 00:13:56.389 --> 00:14:04.149 and they have taken from you a solemn covenant through the pledge and solemn undertaking you made to them, 00:14:04.549 --> 00:14:08.950 either to retain them in kindness or release them in an honorable manner? 00:14:09.509 --> 00:14:13.509 Although this statement is phrased in the form of an interrogative, 00:14:14.149 --> 00:14:16.870 its intended meaning is disapproval and stern rebuke, 00:14:17.429 --> 00:14:19.429 just as a man says to another: 00:14:20.070 --> 00:14:23.590 "How can you do such and such when I do not approve of it?" 00:14:24.230 --> 00:14:26.470 expressed by way of warning and threat. 00:14:27.350 --> 00:14:30.149 This verse is decisive (muhkam) and not abrogated, 00:14:30.789 --> 00:14:36.470 and it is unlawful for a man to take anything of what he gave her if he wishes to divorce her, 00:14:36.950 --> 00:14:41.029 provided there was no willful misconduct (nushuz) on her part or any cause for grave suspicion. 00:14:42.019 --> 00:14:52.100 “And marry not those women whom your fathers married, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! it was ever lewdness and abomination, and an evil way.” (4:22) 00:14:52.820 --> 00:15:01.539 "...Indeed, it was an immorality, an abomination, and an evil way." 00:15:03.110 --> 00:15:07.269 And do not marry those women whom your fathers married, 00:15:07.750 --> 00:15:11.429 except what has already passed during the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah). 00:15:12.070 --> 00:15:14.070 Indeed, your practice that occurred in the past— 00:15:14.629 --> 00:15:19.110 initiating the likes of it in Islam after it has been prohibited to you— 00:15:19.590 --> 00:15:22.470 is a sin, a wretched path, and an evil practice. 00:15:23.419 --> 00:15:29.899 It was mentioned that this verse was revealed concerning people who used to succeed their fathers in marrying their fathers' wives; 00:15:30.620 --> 00:15:33.100 when Islam came, they were still engaged in this practice, 00:15:33.899 --> 00:15:37.980 so Allah, Blessed and Exalted, prohibited them from remaining in those marriages, 00:15:38.779 --> 00:15:44.620 and He pardoned them for what had passed during their Jahiliyyah and polytheism regarding this act, 00:15:45.259 --> 00:15:50.539 holding them unpunished for it, as he who fears Allah upon embracing Islam and obeys Him therein is forgiven. 00:16:03.450 --> 00:16:06.090 “Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:23) 00:16:06.970 --> 00:16:14.970 "...and your milk mothers and your milk sisters..." 00:16:15.769 --> 00:16:21.610 "...and the mothers of your wives, and your stepdaughters..." 00:16:22.330 --> 00:16:31.049 "...and your stepdaughters under your guardianship born of your wives..." 00:16:31.769 --> 00:16:50.169 “Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:23) 00:16:50.889 --> 00:16:58.330 “Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:23) 00:16:58.330 --> 00:17:10.410 “Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:23) 00:17:29.049 --> 00:17:43.529 "...but if you have not consummated marriage with the mothers of your stepdaughters, there is no sin upon you in marrying your stepdaughters..." 00:17:44.329 --> 00:17:47.609 "...and the wives of your sons who are from your own loins..." 00:17:48.329 --> 00:17:54.410 "...and that you gather two sisters together in marriage, except what has already passed..." 00:17:54.410 --> 00:18:03.690 "...Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving of the sins of His servants when they repent, Most Merciful to them and to all those who obey Him."