WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:03.779 Riyad al-Salihin 00:00:03.779 --> 00:00:06.780 From the words of the Master of the Messengers 00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:18.269 Chapter: Commanding the Good and Forbidding the Evil 00:00:18.269 --> 00:00:21.269 From the Mother of the Believers, Umm Salamah 00:00:21.269 --> 00:00:25.269 Hind bint Abi Umayyah Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with her 00:00:25.269 --> 00:00:30.370 From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 00:00:30.370 --> 00:00:33.369 "Indeed, there will be appointed over you rulers, 00:00:33.369 --> 00:00:36.369 whose actions you will recognize and disapprove of. 00:00:36.369 --> 00:00:38.369 Whoever dislikes them is absolved of blame, 00:00:38.369 --> 00:00:41.369 and whoever disapproves of them is safe. 00:00:41.369 --> 00:00:44.369 But whoever is pleased and follows them [is not]." 00:00:44.369 --> 00:00:47.460 They asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:00:47.460 --> 00:00:49.460 shall we not fight them?" 00:00:49.460 --> 00:00:51.460 He replied, "No, 00:00:51.460 --> 00:00:54.560 as long as they establish prayer among you." 00:00:54.560 --> 00:00:56.719 Narrated by Muslim 00:00:56.719 --> 00:00:57.719 Its meaning: 00:00:57.719 --> 00:00:59.719 Whoever dislikes it in his heart, 00:00:59.719 --> 00:01:02.719 and is unable to disapprove of it with his hand or tongue, 00:01:02.719 --> 00:01:04.719 is absolved of the sin, 00:01:04.719 --> 00:01:06.719 and has fulfilled his duty. 00:01:06.719 --> 00:01:09.750 Whoever disapproves of it according to his capacity, 00:01:09.750 --> 00:01:12.750 is safe from this sin. 00:01:12.750 --> 00:01:15.750 And whoever is pleased with their actions and follows them, 00:01:15.750 --> 00:01:17.750 he is the sinner. 00:01:17.750 --> 00:01:21.290 "Whose actions you recognize" 00:01:21.290 --> 00:01:23.290 means you recognize some of their deeds 00:01:23.290 --> 00:01:26.290 because they conform to the Shari'ah. 00:01:26.290 --> 00:01:28.480 "And disapprove of" 00:01:28.480 --> 00:01:30.480 means you disapprove of some of their deeds 00:01:30.480 --> 00:01:33.480 because they contradict the Shari'ah. 00:01:35.439 --> 00:01:37.659 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:37.659 --> 00:01:41.659 Among the miracles of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:01:41.659 --> 00:01:45.819 is his foretelling of future unseen events. 00:01:45.819 --> 00:01:49.819 If rulers commit acts that contradict the Shari'ah, 00:01:49.819 --> 00:01:54.109 it is not permissible for the Ummah to agree with them in that. 00:01:54.109 --> 00:01:56.109 People are of three types: 00:01:56.109 --> 00:01:59.109 Among them is he who dislikes it in his heart, 00:01:59.109 --> 00:02:02.109 and thus he is absolved of the sin. 00:02:02.109 --> 00:02:06.109 Among them is he who is able to disapprove with his hand or tongue, 00:02:06.109 --> 00:02:10.110 and thus he is safe from being held accountable for the sins of the elite. 00:02:10.110 --> 00:02:13.110 And among them is he who considers these evil acts acceptable, 00:02:13.110 --> 00:02:17.400 and he shall fall headlong into the wrath of Allah. 00:02:17.400 --> 00:02:20.400 Prayer is the hallmark of Islam, 00:02:20.400 --> 00:02:23.750 and the dividing line between disbelief and faith. 00:02:23.750 --> 00:02:27.750 A warning against inciting discord and causing division, 00:02:27.750 --> 00:02:32.750 and considering that to be more reprehensible than bearing the evil of sinful rulers, 00:02:32.750 --> 00:02:35.780 and exercising patience regarding their harm, 00:02:35.780 --> 00:02:39.939 for discord is more severe and greater than killing. 00:02:39.939 --> 00:02:43.939 The standard for changing evil and removing a ruler 00:02:43.939 --> 00:02:44.939 is the Shari'ah, 00:02:44.939 --> 00:02:48.939 not whims, partisanship, or sectarianism. 00:02:48.939 --> 00:02:52.319 From the Mother of the Believers, 00:02:52.319 --> 00:02:56.319 Umm al-Hakam Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:02:56.319 --> 00:02:59.319 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:02:59.319 --> 00:03:02.319 entered upon her in a state of alarm, saying: 00:03:02.319 --> 00:03:05.319 "There is no deity but Allah! 00:03:05.319 --> 00:03:09.319 Woe to the Arabs from an evil that has drawn near! 00:03:09.319 --> 00:03:13.319 Today, a gap has been opened in the barrier of Gog and Magog like this," 00:03:13.319 --> 00:03:18.319 and he circled with his thumb and the finger next to it. 00:03:18.319 --> 00:03:21.319 I said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:03:21.319 --> 00:03:24.319 shall we perish while there are righteous people among us?" 00:03:24.319 --> 00:03:27.319 He said, "Yes, if wickedness becomes prevalent." 00:03:27.319 --> 00:03:29.419 Agreed upon 00:03:29.419 --> 00:03:34.210 "In a state of alarm" refers to panic, 00:03:34.210 --> 00:03:36.210 which is terror and fear. 00:03:36.270 --> 00:03:39.270 "Woe" is a word of punishment, 00:03:39.270 --> 00:03:41.270 and it is said at times of grief. 00:03:41.270 --> 00:03:43.530 Gog and Magog 00:03:43.530 --> 00:03:47.530 are nations that will appear at the end of time, 00:03:47.530 --> 00:03:49.530 and they will spread corruption on earth. 00:03:49.530 --> 00:03:53.659 Their appearance is one of the major signs of the Hour. 00:03:53.659 --> 00:03:57.659 "A barrier" is a dam built by Dhu al-Qarnayn, 00:03:57.659 --> 00:04:01.009 and it is the one mentioned in Surah al-Kahf. 00:04:01.009 --> 00:04:03.009 "Circled with his fingers" 00:04:03.009 --> 00:04:06.009 means he placed his index finger at the base of his thumb, 00:04:06.009 --> 00:04:11.009 and closed them until only a small gap remained. 00:04:11.009 --> 00:04:13.039 "Wickedness" 00:04:13.039 --> 00:04:15.039 refers specifically to adultery, 00:04:15.039 --> 00:04:18.610 or general immorality and sinfulness. 00:04:18.610 --> 00:04:20.610 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:20.610 --> 00:04:24.860 Alarm does not distract the heart of the believer from the remembrance of Allah; 00:04:24.860 --> 00:04:27.860 rather, he remembers Allah when afraid, 00:04:27.860 --> 00:04:32.149 because it is in the remembrance of Allah that hearts find peace. 00:04:32.149 --> 00:04:35.149 The emergence of Gog and Magog is an evil. 00:04:35.149 --> 00:04:37.699 He singled out the Arabs for mention 00:04:37.699 --> 00:04:41.699 because they are the carriers of Islam and the standard-bearers of its banner. 00:04:41.699 --> 00:04:43.699 So if they become corrupt, 00:04:43.699 --> 00:04:46.759 it is a sign of evil, we seek refuge in Allah. 00:04:46.759 --> 00:04:51.759 This does not imply a special status for the Arabs in their persons or lineages; 00:04:51.759 --> 00:04:55.759 rather, they are honored by carrying Islam and raising its banner. 00:04:55.759 --> 00:04:59.759 And whoever breaks his covenant, he only breaks it against his own soul. 00:04:59.759 --> 00:05:04.980 General destruction occurs due to the prevalence and spread of sins, 00:05:04.980 --> 00:05:06.980 even if there are many righteous people. 00:05:06.980 --> 00:05:12.750 A clarification of the ominous nature of sin and an incitement to denounce it. 00:05:12.750 --> 00:05:17.750 Calamities affect all people, both the righteous and the corrupt, 00:05:17.750 --> 00:05:20.750 but they will be resurrected according to their intentions. 00:05:20.750 --> 00:05:26.029 From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:05:26.029 --> 00:05:30.060 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 00:05:30.060 --> 00:05:33.060 "Beware of sitting on the roads." 00:05:33.060 --> 00:05:36.060 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:05:36.060 --> 00:05:39.060 we have no other places to sit, 00:05:39.060 --> 00:05:41.060 where we can talk." 00:05:41.060 --> 00:05:45.060 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:05:45.060 --> 00:05:48.060 "If you insist on sitting, 00:05:48.060 --> 00:05:50.060 then give the road its due right." 00:05:50.060 --> 00:05:54.160 They asked, "And what is the right of the road, O Messenger of Allah?" 00:05:54.160 --> 00:05:59.160 He said, "Lowering the gaze, refraining from harm, 00:05:59.160 --> 00:06:03.160 returning the greeting, commanding the good, 00:06:03.160 --> 00:06:05.160 and forbidding the evil." 00:06:05.160 --> 00:06:07.160 Agreed upon 00:06:07.160 --> 00:06:12.889 "Beware" means be cautious and avoid it. 00:06:12.889 --> 00:06:15.980 "We have no other places to sit" 00:06:15.980 --> 00:06:18.980 means we cannot do without them. 00:06:18.980 --> 00:06:21.209 "Lowering the gaze" 00:06:21.209 --> 00:06:24.209 means restraining the eyes from forbidden things. 00:06:24.209 --> 00:06:26.339 "Refraining from harm" 00:06:26.339 --> 00:06:29.339 means repelling and preventing harm. 00:06:29.339 --> 00:06:32.329 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:32.329 --> 00:06:36.389 The road is common ground among the Muslims; 00:06:36.389 --> 00:06:39.389 it is not permissible to monopolize it for one's own benefit, 00:06:39.389 --> 00:06:42.389 or to block or narrow it. 00:06:42.389 --> 00:06:44.389 It is one of the public rights. 00:06:44.389 --> 00:06:47.649 It is permissible to sit on the road 00:06:47.649 --> 00:06:49.649 under the conditions mentioned in the hadith. 00:06:50.939 --> 00:06:53.939 The prohibition of looking at the private parts of Muslims. 00:06:53.939 --> 00:06:56.290 Lowering the gaze, 00:06:56.290 --> 00:06:57.290 refraining from harm, 00:06:57.290 --> 00:06:59.290 returning the greeting, 00:06:59.290 --> 00:07:02.290 and commanding the good and forbidding the evil 00:07:02.290 --> 00:07:04.509 are obligatory matters. 00:07:04.509 --> 00:07:08.509 The Muslim occupies himself with what benefits him and his community, 00:07:08.509 --> 00:07:11.509 even during his time of sitting or leisure. 00:07:11.509 --> 00:07:14.509 An Ummah whose individuals act in this way 00:07:14.509 --> 00:07:17.509 will prosper, succeed, and triumph. 00:07:17.509 --> 00:07:19.769 And the opposite is true. 00:07:19.769 --> 00:07:22.769 The permissibility of consulting a scholar or a mufti 00:07:22.769 --> 00:07:27.769 to clarify a matter that might be hidden from one regarding a ruling or fatwa. 00:07:30.240 --> 00:07:33.240 From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:07:33.240 --> 00:07:36.240 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:07:36.240 --> 00:07:40.240 saw a gold ring on a man's hand, 00:07:40.240 --> 00:07:43.240 so he pulled it off, threw it away, and said: 00:07:43.240 --> 00:07:46.240 "Does one of you intend to take a coal from the Fire 00:07:46.240 --> 00:07:49.399 and place it on his hand?" 00:07:49.399 --> 00:07:54.399 It was said to the man after the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had left, 00:07:54.399 --> 00:07:57.399 "Take your ring and benefit from it." 00:07:57.399 --> 00:08:02.399 He said, "No, by Allah, I will never take it, 00:08:02.399 --> 00:08:07.589 for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, has thrown it away." 00:08:07.589 --> 00:08:10.329 Narrated by Muslim 00:08:10.329 --> 00:08:13.490 "Intend" means purpose. 00:08:13.490 --> 00:08:15.490 "Benefit from it" 00:08:15.490 --> 00:08:19.579 means benefit from it by selling or gifting it. 00:08:19.579 --> 00:08:21.579 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:21.579 --> 00:08:25.769 Removing evil with the hand when one has the ability to do so. 00:08:25.769 --> 00:08:31.019 The permissibility of giving away something to someone who might benefit from it. 00:08:31.019 --> 00:08:36.309 The prohibition of gold rings for men is for the purpose of declaring it unlawful. 00:08:36.309 --> 00:08:40.700 The permissibility of trading in gold by buying and selling. 00:08:40.700 --> 00:08:47.110 The Companions' compliance with the command of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and their avoidance of his prohibitions. 00:08:47.110 --> 00:08:50.299 It is derived from the hadith 00:08:50.299 --> 00:08:54.299 that wearing gold for men is one of the major sins. 00:08:54.299 --> 00:08:59.649 From Abu Sa'id al-Hasan al-Basri, 00:08:59.649 --> 00:09:02.649 that 'A'idh ibn 'Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:09:02.649 --> 00:09:05.649 visited 'Ubaydullah ibn Ziyad, 00:09:05.649 --> 00:09:08.679 and said, "O my son, 00:09:08.679 --> 00:09:13.679 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say: 00:09:13.679 --> 00:09:16.679 'Indeed, the worst of shepherds is the harsh one.' 00:09:16.679 --> 00:09:19.679 So beware of being one of them." 00:09:19.679 --> 00:09:27.679 He said to him, "Sit down, for you are but the chaff of the companions of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:09:27.679 --> 00:09:31.679 He replied, "And did they have any chaff? 00:09:31.679 --> 00:09:35.679 The chaff only came after them and among others." 00:09:35.679 --> 00:09:39.669 Narrated by Muslim 00:09:39.669 --> 00:09:42.860 "Shepherds" is the plural of shepherd. 00:09:42.860 --> 00:09:49.860 "The harsh one" means the one who is violent in tending camels, in driving them to water and bringing them back, 00:09:49.860 --> 00:09:52.860 throwing them upon one another and treating them roughly. 00:09:52.860 --> 00:09:57.860 He used it as a metaphor for a bad ruler who is harsh with his subjects, 00:09:57.860 --> 00:10:00.860 showing them no gentleness in their guidance and grazing. 00:10:00.860 --> 00:10:03.019 "Chaff" 00:10:03.019 --> 00:10:06.019 refers to the husks of flour, which are its peels. 00:10:06.019 --> 00:10:09.019 The intended meaning is someone of no consequence. 00:10:09.019 --> 00:10:12.950 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:10:12.950 --> 00:10:18.049 The Companions' commitment to commanding the good and forbidding the evil. 00:10:18.049 --> 00:10:21.399 The Companions are all masters and virtuous, 00:10:21.399 --> 00:10:26.399 because they are the best of people after the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:10:26.399 --> 00:10:31.399 The dregs and the chaff were not known until after their generation. 00:10:31.399 --> 00:10:38.690 The reform and righteousness of the Ummah is achieved by leading it to the straight path with gentleness. 00:10:38.690 --> 00:10:43.419 The recommendation for a man to advise his children. 00:10:43.419 --> 00:10:48.419 The best of people to others is the one who is gentle and kind. 00:10:48.419 --> 00:10:52.899 From Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:10:52.899 --> 00:10:55.899 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 00:10:55.899 --> 00:10:58.899 "By Him in Whose hand is my soul, 00:10:58.899 --> 00:11:00.899 you must command the good, 00:11:00.899 --> 00:11:02.899 and you must forbid the evil, 00:11:02.899 --> 00:11:07.899 or else Allah will soon send upon you a punishment from Him, 00:11:07.899 --> 00:11:11.990 then you will call upon Him, and He will not answer you." 00:11:11.990 --> 00:11:13.990 Narrated by al-Tirmidhi 00:11:13.990 --> 00:11:16.950 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:11:16.950 --> 00:11:20.950 The obligation of commanding the good and forbidding the evil. 00:11:20.950 --> 00:11:24.210 The permissibility of varying the wording of an oath. 00:11:24.210 --> 00:11:26.210 As long as it is religiously sanctioned. 00:11:26.210 --> 00:11:29.590 Enjoining good and forbidding evil. 00:11:29.590 --> 00:11:33.590 A safety valve against the wrath and punishment of Allah. 00:11:33.590 --> 00:11:38.850 The consequence of negligence in abandoning the enjoining of good and forbidding of evil. 00:11:38.850 --> 00:11:40.850 Being among those whose supplications are not answered. 00:11:40.850 --> 00:11:46.070 The calamity and misfortune of evil spreads to both the perpetrator and others. 00:11:46.070 --> 00:11:51.580 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:11:51.580 --> 00:11:55.580 From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said: 00:11:55.580 --> 00:11:57.610 "The best form of jihad..." 00:11:57.610 --> 00:12:01.610 "...is a word of justice spoken to a tyrannical ruler." 00:12:01.610 --> 00:12:04.610 Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi. 00:12:04.610 --> 00:12:10.080 "A word of justice" means a word of truth. 00:12:10.080 --> 00:12:13.080 "Tyrannical" means unjust. 00:12:13.080 --> 00:12:17.100 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:12:17.100 --> 00:12:21.100 Enjoining good and forbidding evil is a form of jihad. 00:12:21.100 --> 00:12:25.389 Advising a tyrannical ruler is among the greatest forms of jihad. 00:12:25.389 --> 00:12:30.710 Jihad has various levels, and it varies in merit and degree. 00:12:30.710 --> 00:12:34.899 The permissibility of confronting an unjust ruler when he commits injustice. 00:12:34.899 --> 00:12:38.899 And enjoining him to do good and forbidding him from evil. 00:12:38.899 --> 00:12:45.899 One should be gentle in offering advice and kind in delivering admonition, so that he may perhaps remember or fear Allah. 00:12:45.899 --> 00:12:54.220 On the authority of Abu 'Abdullah Tariq ibn Shihab al-Bajali al-Ahmasi, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:12:54.220 --> 00:12:58.220 That a man asked the Prophet, peace be upon him: 00:12:58.220 --> 00:13:01.279 While he had placed his foot in the stirrup. 00:13:01.279 --> 00:13:03.279 "Which jihad is best?" 00:13:03.279 --> 00:13:08.279 He said: "A word of truth spoken to a tyrannical ruler." 00:13:08.279 --> 00:13:10.279 Narrated by al-Nasa'i. 00:13:10.279 --> 00:13:14.340 The stirrup is the foot-rest of a camel saddle. 00:13:14.340 --> 00:13:16.340 Whether it is made of leather or wood. 00:13:16.340 --> 00:13:20.340 It has also been said that it is not restricted to leather or wood. 00:13:20.340 --> 00:13:24.529 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:13:24.529 --> 00:13:31.559 Enjoining good and forbidding evil in the presence of an unjust ruler is among the best forms of jihad. 00:13:31.559 --> 00:13:36.559 Because it indicates the perfection of the person's certainty and the strength of his faith. 00:13:36.559 --> 00:13:40.559 As he spoke before that powerful, tyrannical ruler. 00:13:40.559 --> 00:13:43.559 And did not fear his tyranny or his brutality. 00:13:43.559 --> 00:13:45.559 Rather, he sold his soul to Allah. 00:13:45.559 --> 00:13:49.559 And prioritized the command and right of Allah over his own self. 00:13:49.559 --> 00:13:56.559 In this, there is a greater risk than the risk faced by a fighter on the battlefield. 00:13:56.559 --> 00:14:01.360 Riyad al-Salihin.