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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah An-Nisa'.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“Allah loveth not the utterance of harsh speech save by one who hath been wronged. Allah is ever Hearer, Knower.” (4:148)

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“Allah loveth not the utterance of harsh speech save by one who hath been wronged. Allah is ever Hearer, Knower.” (4:148)

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“If ye do good openly or keep it secret, or forgive evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Powerful.” (4:149)

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“If ye do good openly or keep it secret, or forgive evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Powerful.” (4:149)

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Toward whoever does good to you,

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and you manifest that out of gratitude to them,

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or you refrain from showing it and do not disclose it,

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or you pardon whoever wrongs you,

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and do not speak ill of them openly—

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for Allah has ever been All-Pardoning toward His creation,

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overlooking the faults of those who disobey,

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yet fully Capable of taking retribution against them.

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“Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150)

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“Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150)

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And they say, "We believe in some

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and disbelieve in others,"

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“Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150)

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“Such are disbelievers in truth; and for disbelievers We prepare a shameful doom.” (4:151)

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and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment.

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“Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150)

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Namely, among the Jews and the Christians,

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“Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150)

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by denying Allah's messengers

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and saying, "We believe in this one and disbelieve in that one,"

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just as the Jews did by denying Jesus and Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them),

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while believing in Moses;

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and just as the Christians did by denying Muhammad (peace be upon him),

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while believing in Jesus.

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And they wish to adopt, amidst their contradictory claim of

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"We believe in some prophets and disbelieve in others," a pathway toward misguidance,

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inviting ignorant people to it.

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These are the true disbelievers in Me.

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And We have prepared for those who deny Allah and His Messenger a punishment in the Hereafter

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that will humiliate whoever is tormented by it through their eternal dwelling therein.

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But those who believe in Allah and His messengers

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“But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:152)

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“But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:152)

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“But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:152)

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—and Allah has ever been All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

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And those who believe in the Oneness of Allah,

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affirm the prophethood of all His messengers,

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and do not deny some while believing in others—

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to these He will surely grant their rewards.

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For Allah has ever been All-Forgiving of the sins of those among His creation who turn back to Him in repentance,

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and ever Merciful toward them,

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by bestowing His favor upon them through guidance to the path of truth.

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“The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.” (4:153)

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“The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.” (4:153)

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They said, "Show us Allah openly!"

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So the thunderbolt struck them for their wrongdoing.

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Then they took the calf for worship even after clear proofs had come to them,

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yet We pardoned that,

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and We gave Moses a clear authority.

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The People of the Torah and the Gospel ask you, O Muhammad,

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“The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.” (4:153)

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to bring down upon them a book from heaven as a miraculous sign that all creation would be incapable of producing,

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testifying to the truthfulness of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

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O Muhammad, do not let their demand weigh heavily upon you,

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for out of their ignorance of Allah and their audacity against Him,

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even if you were to bring down upon them the very book they asked for,

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they would still defy Allah's command.

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Indeed, the forebears of these Jews asked Moses (peace be upon him) for something even greater than what they asked of you,

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for they said to him, "Show us Allah visibly, so that we may see Him with our own eyes and look at Him."

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So they were struck by the thunderbolt for wronging themselves.

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Then those who made this demand of Moses took the calf for worship after Allah had revived them,

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and after clear proofs had come to them that they would never see Allah openly with their physical eyes.

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Yet they still acknowledged the calf as a god while gazing at it with their own eyes.

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But We pardoned the calf-worshipers through the repentance they offered to their Lord by slaying one another,

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and We gave Moses a clear proof demonstrating his truthfulness,

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which were the clear signs that Allah had bestowed upon him.

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“And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154)

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“And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154)

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“And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154)

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“And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154)

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And We took from them a solemn covenant.

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And We raised the mountain above them when they gave Allah the covenant and pledge,

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saying, "We will surely act according to what is in the Torah."

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Yet they refused to act upon it.

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“And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154)

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Meaning the Gate of Hittah,

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when they were commanded to enter through it prostrating,

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but they entered dragging themselves on their posteriors.

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And We said to them, "Do not transgress on the Sabbath beyond what has been made lawful for you."

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Thus the people were commanded not to eat fish on the Sabbath

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nor to hunt them,

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while everything else besides that was made lawful for them.

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And We took from them a firm, binding covenant

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that they would act upon what Allah commanded them

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and refrain from what Allah forbade them.

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“Then because of their breaking of their covenant, and their disbelieving in the revelations of Allah, and their slaying of the prophets wrongfully, and their saying: Our hearts are hardened - Nay, but Allah set a seal upon them for their disbelief, so that they believe not save a few -” (4:155)

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And for their killing of the prophets without right,

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and their saying, "Our hearts are wrapped"—

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“Then because of their breaking of their covenant, and their disbelieving in the revelations of Allah, and their slaying of the prophets wrongfully, and their saying: Our hearts are hardened - Nay, but Allah set a seal upon them for their disbelief, so that they believe not save a few -” (4:155)

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so they do not believe, except a few.

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So it was because of their breaking of the covenants they made with Allah,

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and their rejection of Allah's clear signs and proofs

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with which He established evidence against them regarding the truthfulness of His prophets and messengers,

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and their killing of the prophets without any justification whatsoever,

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and their saying, "Our hearts are covered and veiled against what you call us to,

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so we do not understand what you say."

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Rather, they lied;

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their hearts are neither wrapped nor veiled,

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but Allah has set a seal upon them,

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so they only believe with a meager faith:

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they believe in some prophets and some scriptures,

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and disbelieve in others.

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“And because of their disbelief and of their speaking against Mary a tremendous calumny;” (4:156)

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And because of the disbelief of those whose characteristics He described,

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and their slander against Mary, accusing her of fornication,

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which was a monstrous slander,

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because they calumniated her with utter falsehood.

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“And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157)

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“And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157)

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But it was made to appear so to them.

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“And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157)

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“And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157)

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And they did not kill him for certain.

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“And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157)

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And they did not kill Jesus, nor did they crucify him,

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but it was made to appear so to them,

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for the resemblance of Jesus was cast upon all who were in the house with him,

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so that Allah might thereby humiliate the Jews.

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And indeed, those among the Jews who differed concerning him—

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who surrounded Jesus and his companions when they intended to kill him—

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were in full doubt regarding his killing.

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That is because they had known the exact count of those in the house before entering it, as mentioned;

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so when they entered upon them, they found one of them missing,

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and the matter of Jesus became confused to them.

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Nevertheless, they claimed, "We killed Jesus,"

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due to the slain person's resemblance to Jesus in appearance.

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They had no certain knowledge of whom they actually killed;

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rather, they merely followed conjecture,

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killing him under the assumption that he was Jesus.

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Yet they did not kill that slain person with absolute certainty that he was Jesus,

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nor that he was someone else;

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instead, they remained in conjecture and doubt concerning him.

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“But Allah took him up unto Himself. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise.” (4:158)

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And Allah has ever been Almighty, All-Wise.

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Rather, Allah raised the Messiah up to Himself

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and purified him from those who disbelieved.

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And Allah has ever been the Avenger against His enemies,

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All-Wise in His ordainment and governance of His creation.

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“There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -” (4:159)

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“There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -” (4:159)

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“There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -” (4:159)

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And on the Day of Resurrection, Jesus will be a witness against the People of the Scripture,

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testifying against those among them who denied him,

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and in favor of those among them who believed in him.

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“Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way,” (4:160)

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“Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way,” (4:160)

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“Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way,” (4:160)

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So We forbade the Jews who broke their covenant

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wholesome foods and other lawful things

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that were previously permissible for them, as a punishment for their wrongdoing,

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and for their hindering many people from Allah's religion

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and the pathways He legislated for His servants,

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and for their taking of usury when they were forbidden from it.

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“And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.” (4:161)

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“And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.” (4:161)

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And for their taking of usury, while they had indeed been forbidden from taking usury;

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“And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.” (4:161)

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and We prepared for those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him)

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among these Jews a painful torment from the punishment of Hellfire.

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“But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.” (4:162)

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They believe in what has been revealed to you

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and what was revealed before you,

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and those who establish prayer,

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and those who give zakat.

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“But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.” (4:162)

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To those We will give a great reward.

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Not all of the People of the Scripture share the attributes that were described to you;

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rather, those firmly grounded in knowledge of Allah's rulings

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and the true believers among them believe in the Book revealed to you, O Muhammad,

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and in the Scriptures revealed before you,

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and in the angels who establish prayer.

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Then He returns to the description of those firmly grounded in knowledge, saying:

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“But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.” (4:162)

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And those who believe in the Oneness of Allah, His divinity, and the Resurrection after death—

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it is these who possess such characteristics

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to whom We will grant an immense reward,

186
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and that is Paradise.

187
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The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.