WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.209 --> 00:00:08.009 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari. 00:00:08.630 --> 00:00:12.710 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.369 --> 00:00:16.329 Surah An-Nisa'. 00:00:18.289 --> 00:00:22.609 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.070 --> 00:00:31.670 “Allah loveth not the utterance of harsh speech save by one who hath been wronged. Allah is ever Hearer, Knower.” (4:148) 00:00:31.670 --> 00:00:35.630 “Allah loveth not the utterance of harsh speech save by one who hath been wronged. Allah is ever Hearer, Knower.” (4:148) 00:01:02.219 --> 00:01:10.950 “If ye do good openly or keep it secret, or forgive evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Powerful.” (4:149) 00:01:11.269 --> 00:01:17.030 “If ye do good openly or keep it secret, or forgive evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Powerful.” (4:149) 00:01:33.689 --> 00:01:35.450 Toward whoever does good to you, 00:01:35.769 --> 00:01:38.609 and you manifest that out of gratitude to them, 00:01:39.010 --> 00:01:42.290 or you refrain from showing it and do not disclose it, 00:01:42.650 --> 00:01:45.209 or you pardon whoever wrongs you, 00:01:45.209 --> 00:01:48.209 and do not speak ill of them openly— 00:01:48.569 --> 00:01:51.810 for Allah has ever been All-Pardoning toward His creation, 00:01:52.049 --> 00:01:53.769 overlooking the faults of those who disobey, 00:01:54.129 --> 00:01:57.129 yet fully Capable of taking retribution against them. 00:01:57.849 --> 00:02:03.049 “Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150) 00:02:03.049 --> 00:02:14.210 “Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150) 00:02:14.210 --> 00:02:20.810 And they say, "We believe in some 00:02:20.810 --> 00:02:23.490 and disbelieve in others," 00:02:23.490 --> 00:02:29.490 “Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150) 00:02:29.490 --> 00:02:35.370 “Such are disbelievers in truth; and for disbelievers We prepare a shameful doom.” (4:151) 00:02:35.370 --> 00:02:41.610 and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment. 00:02:42.889 --> 00:02:45.810 “Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150) 00:02:45.810 --> 00:02:47.689 Namely, among the Jews and the Christians, 00:02:48.009 --> 00:02:51.530 “Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;” (4:150) 00:02:51.530 --> 00:02:53.530 by denying Allah's messengers 00:02:53.849 --> 00:02:58.530 and saying, "We believe in this one and disbelieve in that one," 00:02:58.530 --> 00:03:05.009 just as the Jews did by denying Jesus and Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon them), 00:03:05.009 --> 00:03:07.330 while believing in Moses; 00:03:07.330 --> 00:03:13.129 and just as the Christians did by denying Muhammad (peace be upon him), 00:03:13.129 --> 00:03:15.490 while believing in Jesus. 00:03:15.490 --> 00:03:19.490 And they wish to adopt, amidst their contradictory claim of 00:03:19.810 --> 00:03:25.050 "We believe in some prophets and disbelieve in others," a pathway toward misguidance, 00:03:25.050 --> 00:03:28.330 inviting ignorant people to it. 00:03:28.330 --> 00:03:31.330 These are the true disbelievers in Me. 00:03:31.330 --> 00:03:36.250 And We have prepared for those who deny Allah and His Messenger a punishment in the Hereafter 00:03:36.250 --> 00:03:39.810 that will humiliate whoever is tormented by it through their eternal dwelling therein. 00:03:39.810 --> 00:03:44.120 But those who believe in Allah and His messengers 00:03:44.120 --> 00:03:48.800 “But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:152) 00:03:49.000 --> 00:03:53.280 “But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:152) 00:03:53.280 --> 00:03:58.520 “But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:152) 00:03:58.520 --> 00:04:03.710 —and Allah has ever been All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. 00:04:03.710 --> 00:04:06.909 And those who believe in the Oneness of Allah, 00:04:06.909 --> 00:04:10.469 affirm the prophethood of all His messengers, 00:04:10.469 --> 00:04:14.430 and do not deny some while believing in others— 00:04:14.430 --> 00:04:17.990 to these He will surely grant their rewards. 00:04:18.029 --> 00:04:23.509 For Allah has ever been All-Forgiving of the sins of those among His creation who turn back to Him in repentance, 00:04:23.509 --> 00:04:25.949 and ever Merciful toward them, 00:04:25.949 --> 00:04:31.500 by bestowing His favor upon them through guidance to the path of truth. 00:04:31.500 --> 00:04:40.939 “The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.” (4:153) 00:04:40.939 --> 00:04:45.139 “The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.” (4:153) 00:04:45.139 --> 00:04:48.540 They said, "Show us Allah openly!" 00:04:48.579 --> 00:04:52.459 So the thunderbolt struck them for their wrongdoing. 00:04:52.459 --> 00:04:59.980 Then they took the calf for worship even after clear proofs had come to them, 00:04:59.980 --> 00:05:03.060 yet We pardoned that, 00:05:03.060 --> 00:05:08.459 and We gave Moses a clear authority. 00:05:08.459 --> 00:05:12.779 The People of the Torah and the Gospel ask you, O Muhammad, 00:05:12.779 --> 00:05:17.019 “The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.” (4:153) 00:05:17.579 --> 00:05:25.459 to bring down upon them a book from heaven as a miraculous sign that all creation would be incapable of producing, 00:05:25.459 --> 00:05:30.339 testifying to the truthfulness of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:05:30.339 --> 00:05:34.910 O Muhammad, do not let their demand weigh heavily upon you, 00:05:34.910 --> 00:05:39.029 for out of their ignorance of Allah and their audacity against Him, 00:05:39.029 --> 00:05:42.350 even if you were to bring down upon them the very book they asked for, 00:05:42.350 --> 00:05:44.350 they would still defy Allah's command. 00:05:44.589 --> 00:05:51.029 Indeed, the forebears of these Jews asked Moses (peace be upon him) for something even greater than what they asked of you, 00:05:51.029 --> 00:05:56.670 for they said to him, "Show us Allah visibly, so that we may see Him with our own eyes and look at Him." 00:05:56.670 --> 00:05:59.740 So they were struck by the thunderbolt for wronging themselves. 00:05:59.740 --> 00:06:06.259 Then those who made this demand of Moses took the calf for worship after Allah had revived them, 00:06:06.259 --> 00:06:13.220 and after clear proofs had come to them that they would never see Allah openly with their physical eyes. 00:06:13.259 --> 00:06:18.420 Yet they still acknowledged the calf as a god while gazing at it with their own eyes. 00:06:18.420 --> 00:06:25.500 But We pardoned the calf-worshipers through the repentance they offered to their Lord by slaying one another, 00:06:25.500 --> 00:06:29.300 and We gave Moses a clear proof demonstrating his truthfulness, 00:06:29.300 --> 00:06:34.850 which were the clear signs that Allah had bestowed upon him. 00:06:34.850 --> 00:06:43.490 “And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154) 00:06:43.490 --> 00:06:47.850 “And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154) 00:06:47.850 --> 00:06:51.569 “And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154) 00:06:51.569 --> 00:06:55.569 “And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154) 00:06:55.569 --> 00:07:00.689 And We took from them a solemn covenant. 00:07:01.600 --> 00:07:06.680 And We raised the mountain above them when they gave Allah the covenant and pledge, 00:07:06.680 --> 00:07:08.879 saying, "We will surely act according to what is in the Torah." 00:07:08.879 --> 00:07:11.079 Yet they refused to act upon it. 00:07:11.519 --> 00:07:14.560 “And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.” (4:154) 00:07:14.560 --> 00:07:16.600 Meaning the Gate of Hittah, 00:07:16.600 --> 00:07:19.920 when they were commanded to enter through it prostrating, 00:07:19.920 --> 00:07:23.360 but they entered dragging themselves on their posteriors. 00:07:23.360 --> 00:07:29.120 And We said to them, "Do not transgress on the Sabbath beyond what has been made lawful for you." 00:07:29.120 --> 00:07:32.920 Thus the people were commanded not to eat fish on the Sabbath 00:07:32.920 --> 00:07:34.879 nor to hunt them, 00:07:34.879 --> 00:07:37.990 while everything else besides that was made lawful for them. 00:07:38.029 --> 00:07:41.709 And We took from them a firm, binding covenant 00:07:41.709 --> 00:07:45.269 that they would act upon what Allah commanded them 00:07:45.269 --> 00:07:49.569 and refrain from what Allah forbade them. 00:07:49.569 --> 00:08:01.439 “Then because of their breaking of their covenant, and their disbelieving in the revelations of Allah, and their slaying of the prophets wrongfully, and their saying: Our hearts are hardened - Nay, but Allah set a seal upon them for their disbelief, so that they believe not save a few -” (4:155) 00:08:01.439 --> 00:08:12.399 And for their killing of the prophets without right, 00:08:12.399 --> 00:08:15.879 and their saying, "Our hearts are wrapped"— 00:08:15.879 --> 00:08:19.560 “Then because of their breaking of their covenant, and their disbelieving in the revelations of Allah, and their slaying of the prophets wrongfully, and their saying: Our hearts are hardened - Nay, but Allah set a seal upon them for their disbelief, so that they believe not save a few -” (4:155) 00:08:19.560 --> 00:08:24.300 so they do not believe, except a few. 00:08:24.300 --> 00:08:28.259 So it was because of their breaking of the covenants they made with Allah, 00:08:28.259 --> 00:08:31.459 and their rejection of Allah's clear signs and proofs 00:08:31.540 --> 00:08:36.179 with which He established evidence against them regarding the truthfulness of His prophets and messengers, 00:08:36.179 --> 00:08:40.779 and their killing of the prophets without any justification whatsoever, 00:08:40.779 --> 00:08:46.820 and their saying, "Our hearts are covered and veiled against what you call us to, 00:08:46.820 --> 00:08:49.220 so we do not understand what you say." 00:08:49.220 --> 00:08:50.500 Rather, they lied; 00:08:50.500 --> 00:08:53.980 their hearts are neither wrapped nor veiled, 00:08:53.980 --> 00:08:57.299 but Allah has set a seal upon them, 00:08:57.340 --> 00:09:01.659 so they only believe with a meager faith: 00:09:01.659 --> 00:09:05.220 they believe in some prophets and some scriptures, 00:09:05.220 --> 00:09:07.919 and disbelieve in others. 00:09:07.919 --> 00:09:14.929 “And because of their disbelief and of their speaking against Mary a tremendous calumny;” (4:156) 00:09:14.929 --> 00:09:18.769 And because of the disbelief of those whose characteristics He described, 00:09:18.769 --> 00:09:23.129 and their slander against Mary, accusing her of fornication, 00:09:23.129 --> 00:09:25.450 which was a monstrous slander, 00:09:25.490 --> 00:09:29.559 because they calumniated her with utter falsehood. 00:09:29.559 --> 00:09:36.720 “And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157) 00:09:36.720 --> 00:09:42.120 “And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157) 00:09:42.120 --> 00:09:45.639 But it was made to appear so to them. 00:09:45.639 --> 00:09:52.279 “And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157) 00:09:52.279 --> 00:09:58.720 “And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157) 00:09:58.720 --> 00:10:03.100 And they did not kill him for certain. 00:10:03.100 --> 00:10:08.460 “And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.” (4:157) 00:10:08.460 --> 00:10:11.179 And they did not kill Jesus, nor did they crucify him, 00:10:11.179 --> 00:10:13.419 but it was made to appear so to them, 00:10:13.419 --> 00:10:18.659 for the resemblance of Jesus was cast upon all who were in the house with him, 00:10:18.659 --> 00:10:21.659 so that Allah might thereby humiliate the Jews. 00:10:21.700 --> 00:10:24.740 And indeed, those among the Jews who differed concerning him— 00:10:24.740 --> 00:10:29.179 who surrounded Jesus and his companions when they intended to kill him— 00:10:29.179 --> 00:10:31.620 were in full doubt regarding his killing. 00:10:31.620 --> 00:10:38.100 That is because they had known the exact count of those in the house before entering it, as mentioned; 00:10:38.100 --> 00:10:42.059 so when they entered upon them, they found one of them missing, 00:10:42.059 --> 00:10:44.740 and the matter of Jesus became confused to them. 00:10:44.740 --> 00:10:47.860 Nevertheless, they claimed, "We killed Jesus," 00:10:47.860 --> 00:10:51.460 due to the slain person's resemblance to Jesus in appearance. 00:10:51.460 --> 00:10:54.700 They had no certain knowledge of whom they actually killed; 00:10:54.700 --> 00:10:56.980 rather, they merely followed conjecture, 00:10:56.980 --> 00:11:00.659 killing him under the assumption that he was Jesus. 00:11:00.659 --> 00:11:04.340 Yet they did not kill that slain person with absolute certainty that he was Jesus, 00:11:04.340 --> 00:11:06.299 nor that he was someone else; 00:11:06.299 --> 00:11:10.769 instead, they remained in conjecture and doubt concerning him. 00:11:10.769 --> 00:11:14.289 “But Allah took him up unto Himself. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise.” (4:158) 00:11:14.289 --> 00:11:19.059 And Allah has ever been Almighty, All-Wise. 00:11:19.059 --> 00:11:21.700 Rather, Allah raised the Messiah up to Himself 00:11:21.700 --> 00:11:24.580 and purified him from those who disbelieved. 00:11:24.580 --> 00:11:28.100 And Allah has ever been the Avenger against His enemies, 00:11:28.100 --> 00:11:32.820 All-Wise in His ordainment and governance of His creation. 00:11:32.820 --> 00:11:40.940 “There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -” (4:159) 00:11:40.940 --> 00:11:46.929 “There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -” (4:159) 00:11:46.929 --> 00:11:52.049 “There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -” (4:159) 00:11:52.090 --> 00:11:57.570 And on the Day of Resurrection, Jesus will be a witness against the People of the Scripture, 00:11:57.570 --> 00:12:00.289 testifying against those among them who denied him, 00:12:00.289 --> 00:12:03.940 and in favor of those among them who believed in him. 00:12:03.940 --> 00:12:07.460 “Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way,” (4:160) 00:12:07.460 --> 00:12:17.220 “Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way,” (4:160) 00:12:17.220 --> 00:12:23.220 “Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah's way,” (4:160) 00:12:23.220 --> 00:12:27.100 So We forbade the Jews who broke their covenant 00:12:27.100 --> 00:12:30.299 wholesome foods and other lawful things 00:12:30.299 --> 00:12:34.340 that were previously permissible for them, as a punishment for their wrongdoing, 00:12:34.340 --> 00:12:36.940 and for their hindering many people from Allah's religion 00:12:36.940 --> 00:12:42.120 and the pathways He legislated for His servants, 00:12:42.120 --> 00:12:45.440 and for their taking of usury when they were forbidden from it. 00:12:45.440 --> 00:12:50.360 “And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.” (4:161) 00:12:50.360 --> 00:12:57.179 “And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.” (4:161) 00:12:57.179 --> 00:13:00.899 And for their taking of usury, while they had indeed been forbidden from taking usury; 00:13:00.899 --> 00:13:04.059 “And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people's wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.” (4:161) 00:13:04.059 --> 00:13:09.659 and We prepared for those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) 00:13:09.659 --> 00:13:15.090 among these Jews a painful torment from the punishment of Hellfire. 00:13:15.090 --> 00:13:20.250 “But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.” (4:162) 00:13:20.250 --> 00:13:28.690 They believe in what has been revealed to you 00:13:28.690 --> 00:13:32.889 and what was revealed before you, 00:13:32.889 --> 00:13:36.690 and those who establish prayer, 00:13:36.690 --> 00:13:38.889 and those who give zakat. 00:13:38.889 --> 00:13:42.929 “But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.” (4:162) 00:13:42.929 --> 00:13:53.269 To those We will give a great reward. 00:13:53.269 --> 00:13:58.149 Not all of the People of the Scripture share the attributes that were described to you; 00:13:58.149 --> 00:14:03.149 rather, those firmly grounded in knowledge of Allah's rulings 00:14:03.149 --> 00:14:08.909 and the true believers among them believe in the Book revealed to you, O Muhammad, 00:14:08.909 --> 00:14:12.149 and in the Scriptures revealed before you, 00:14:12.190 --> 00:14:15.710 and in the angels who establish prayer. 00:14:15.710 --> 00:14:20.190 Then He returns to the description of those firmly grounded in knowledge, saying: 00:14:20.190 --> 00:14:26.110 “But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.” (4:162) 00:14:26.110 --> 00:14:32.190 And those who believe in the Oneness of Allah, His divinity, and the Resurrection after death— 00:14:32.190 --> 00:14:35.190 it is these who possess such characteristics 00:14:35.190 --> 00:14:37.909 to whom We will grant an immense reward, 00:14:37.909 --> 00:14:41.779 and that is Paradise. 00:14:41.779 --> 00:14:44.779 The Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.