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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Inshiqaq.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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When the sky has split asunder,

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And has hearkened to its Lord and is bound to do so.

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And when the earth has been extended,

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“And hath cast out all that was in her, and is empty” (84:4)

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And has hearkened to its Lord and is bound to do so.

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When the sky cracks, breaks apart, and becomes like gateways.

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The heavens, in their cracking and splitting, hear the command of their Lord.

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They obey His command to them.

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Allah has made it incumbent upon them to listen to the command to split.

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And to submit to His obedience in that matter.

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And when the earth is leveled and its expanse is increased.

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The earth casts out what is in its belly—the dead—onto its surface, and empties itself of them unto Allah.

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In casting out the dead from its belly onto its surface, the earth hears the command of its Lord and obeys.

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Allah has made it incumbent upon it to listen to His command in that regard.

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And to submit to His obedience.

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“Thou, verily, O man, art working toward thy Lord a work which thou wilt meet (in His presence).” (84:6)

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As for he who is given his record in his right hand,

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“He truly will receive an easy reckoning” (84:8)

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“And will return unto his folk in joy.” (84:9)

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O mankind, indeed you are laboring toward your Lord with exertion and will meet Him.

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Whether that labor of yours was good or evil.

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He says:

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Let your labor be that which saves you from His wrath and necessitates His pleasure for you.

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And let it not be that which incurs His wrath upon you, for then you would perish.

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As for he who is given his record of deeds in his right hand,

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“He truly will receive an easy reckoning” (84:8)

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He shall be examined regarding his deeds; his evil ones will be forgiven,

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And he will be rewarded for his good ones.

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This person, whose account is easy, will return to his family in Paradise rejoicing.

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“But whoso is given his account behind his back,” (84:10)

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He will cry out for destruction.

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And will burn in a blazing fire.

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“He verily lived joyous with his folk,” (84:13)

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“He verily deemed that he would never return (unto Allah).” (84:14)

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“Nay, but lo! his Lord is ever looking on him!” (84:15)

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As for he who is given his record, O people, on that Day from behind his back,

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This is because he placed his right hand toward his neck,

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And placed his left hand behind his back,

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So he receives his record with his left hand from behind his back.

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He will call out for destruction,

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Meaning he will say:

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"Woe is me!"

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And "Alas!"

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And he will burn in a blazing fire,

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Meaning they will enter it and be cast into it, burning therein.

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Indeed, he had been among his people in the world rejoicing,

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Because of his opposition to the command of Allah and his indulgence in His disobedience.

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This person, who is given his record behind his back on the Day of Resurrection,

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Thought in the world that he would never return to Us,

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And would never be resurrected after his death.

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Thus, he did not care what sins he committed,

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Because he did not hope for a reward nor fear a punishment.

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Rather, he thought we would not bring him back and return him to his Lord alive,

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As he was before his death.

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But indeed, the Lord of this one who thought he would not return,

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Was ever All-Seeing of him while he was in the world, regarding the sins he committed,

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And regarding what his affair would become in the Hereafter.

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He is All-Knowing of all that.

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So I swear by the twilight,

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And by the night and what it envelops,

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And by the moon when it becomes full,

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You will surely experience state after state.

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Our Lord swears by the redness in the horizon,

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From the direction of the sunset.

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And by the night and what it gathers,

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Of all that dwells and settles within it, from every creature that flies,

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Or crawls by day.

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And by the moon when it is complete and perfected.

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You, O Muhammad, will surely experience state after state,

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And matter after matter of hardships.

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The intent behind this,

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Even though the address is directed to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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Is all of mankind,

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That they will encounter conditions of the hardships and terrors of the Day of Resurrection.

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“What aileth them, then, that they believe not” (84:20)

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And when the Qur'an is recited to them, they do not prostrate.

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But those who disbelieve deny.

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“And Allah knoweth best what they are hiding.” (84:23)

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So give them tidings of a painful punishment.

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“Save those who believe and do good works, for theirs is a reward unfailing.” (84:25)

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Why do these polytheists not believe in the oneness of Allah?

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And why do they not acknowledge the resurrection after death?

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And when the Book of their Lord is recited to them, they do not humble themselves nor submit.

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Rather, those who disbelieve deny the signs of Allah and His revelation.

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Allah is most knowing of what the hearts of these polytheists conceal of denial regarding the Book of Allah and His Messenger.

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So give tidings, O Muhammad, to these who deny the signs of Allah,

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Of a painful, agonizing punishment for them with Allah.

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Except for those among them who repent and believe,

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And acknowledge His oneness and the prophethood of His Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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And the resurrection after death,

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And perform the obligatory duties of Allah,

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And avoid committing what Allah has forbidden them.

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For those who have believed and done righteous deeds,

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There is a reward uninterrupted and undiminished.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.