1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:07,599 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:07,599 --> 00:00:12,789 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:12,789 --> 00:00:15,880 Surah al-Najm. 5 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:22,149 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:22,149 --> 00:00:29,859 “And how many angels are in the heavens whose intercession availeth naught save after Allah giveth leave to whom He chooseth and accepteth.” (53:26) 7 00:00:29,859 --> 00:00:43,500 “And how many angels are in the heavens whose intercession availeth naught save after Allah giveth leave to whom He chooseth and accepteth.” (53:26) 8 00:00:43,500 --> 00:00:49,500 Many angels in the heavens—whose intercession is near Me—cannot benefit anyone for whom they intercede, 9 00:00:49,500 --> 00:00:54,500 except after I have granted them permission to intercede and have given My approval. 10 00:00:54,500 --> 00:00:58,549 How, then, could the intercession of those beneath them be of any avail? 11 00:00:58,549 --> 00:01:08,739 “Lo! it is those who disbelieve in the Hereafter who name the angels with the names of females.” (53:27) 12 00:01:08,739 --> 00:01:21,739 “And they have no knowledge thereof. They follow but a guess, and lo! a guess can never take the place of the truth.” (53:28) 13 00:01:21,739 --> 00:01:26,450 Those who do not believe in the Resurrection in the hereafter 14 00:01:26,450 --> 00:01:30,450 name the angels of Allah with feminine names, 15 00:01:30,450 --> 00:01:33,450 claiming that they are the daughters of Allah. 16 00:01:33,450 --> 00:01:39,450 They have no true knowledge to support their naming of the angels as female. 17 00:01:39,450 --> 00:01:42,450 They follow nothing in this but conjecture. 18 00:01:42,450 --> 00:01:47,450 And conjecture is of no avail against the truth, nor can it take its place. 19 00:01:47,450 --> 00:01:57,310 “Then withdraw (O Muhammad) from him who fleeth from Our remembrance and desireth but the life of the world.” (53:29) 20 00:01:57,310 --> 00:02:02,950 So turn away, O Muhammad, from those who have turned their backs on the remembrance of Allah and have not believed in Him, 21 00:02:02,950 --> 00:02:05,950 and who do not seek what Allah has in the hereafter, 22 00:02:05,950 --> 00:02:09,949 but instead seek only the adornment of the worldly life. 23 00:02:09,949 --> 00:02:19,659 “Such is their sum of knowledge. Lo! thy Lord is Best Aware of him who strayeth, and He is Best Aware of him whom goeth right.” (53:30) 24 00:02:19,659 --> 00:02:23,659 “Such is their sum of knowledge. Lo! thy Lord is Best Aware of him who strayeth, and He is Best Aware of him whom goeth right.” (53:30) 25 00:02:23,659 --> 00:02:30,169 This claim they make—naming the angels as female— 26 00:02:30,169 --> 00:02:33,169 is based on no knowledge, but is merely this disbelief in Allah, 27 00:02:33,169 --> 00:02:38,169 and associating partners with Him, based on conjecture rather than certain knowledge. 28 00:02:38,169 --> 00:02:43,169 Your Lord, O Muhammad, knows best who has strayed from His path and thus does not believe, 29 00:02:43,169 --> 00:02:49,169 and He knows best who has found His path and followed it, according to His prior knowledge. 30 00:03:09,349 --> 00:03:13,349 To Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth. 31 00:03:13,349 --> 00:03:17,349 He leads astray whom He wills, and He knows them best, 32 00:03:17,349 --> 00:03:22,349 so that He may requite those who disobeyed Him among His creation by punishing them with the Fire, 33 00:03:22,349 --> 00:03:26,349 and requite those who obeyed Him and did good with Paradise. 34 00:03:26,349 --> 00:03:34,960 “Those who avoid enormities of sin and abominations, save the unwilled offences - (for them) lo! thy Lord is of vast mercy. He is Best Aware of you (from the time) when He created you from the earth, and when ye were hidden in the bellies of your mothers. Therefor ascribe not purity unto yourselves. He is Best Aware of him who wardeth off (evil).” (53:32) 35 00:03:34,960 --> 00:03:38,960 “Those who avoid enormities of sin and abominations, save the unwilled offences - (for them) lo! thy Lord is of vast mercy. He is Best Aware of you (from the time) when He created you from the earth, and when ye were hidden in the bellies of your mothers. Therefor ascribe not purity unto yourselves. He is Best Aware of him who wardeth off (evil).” (53:32) 36 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:43,960 “Those who avoid enormities of sin and abominations, save the unwilled offences - (for them) lo! thy Lord is of vast mercy. He is Best Aware of you (from the time) when He created you from the earth, and when ye were hidden in the bellies of your mothers. Therefor ascribe not purity unto yourselves. He is Best Aware of him who wardeth off (evil).” (53:32) 37 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:55,960 “Those who avoid enormities of sin and abominations, save the unwilled offences - (for them) lo! thy Lord is of vast mercy. He is Best Aware of you (from the time) when He created you from the earth, and when ye were hidden in the bellies of your mothers. Therefor ascribe not purity unto yourselves. He is Best Aware of him who wardeth off (evil).” (53:32) 38 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:59,960 So do not claim purity for yourselves. 39 00:03:59,960 --> 00:04:02,960 “Those who avoid enormities of sin and abominations, save the unwilled offences - (for them) lo! thy Lord is of vast mercy. He is Best Aware of you (from the time) when He created you from the earth, and when ye were hidden in the bellies of your mothers. Therefor ascribe not purity unto yourselves. He is Best Aware of him who wardeth off (evil).” (53:32) 40 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:08,569 Those who avoid the major sins that Allah has forbidden, 41 00:04:08,569 --> 00:04:10,569 namely, associating partners with Allah, 42 00:04:10,569 --> 00:04:16,569 and shameful deeds like adultery and similar acts for which Allah has prescribed a legal punishment, 43 00:04:16,569 --> 00:04:19,569 except for minor lapses that fall short of major sins, 44 00:04:19,569 --> 00:04:25,569 and short of the shameful deeds that warrant legal punishments in this world and torment in the hereafter, 45 00:04:25,569 --> 00:04:28,569 for such minor lapses are forgiven them. 46 00:04:28,569 --> 00:04:32,600 Your Lord, O Muhammad, is vast in His forgiveness for the sinners 47 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:37,600 whose sins have not reached the level of shameful deeds and major sins. 48 00:04:37,600 --> 00:04:41,600 Your Lord knows best who among you is a believer and who is a disbeliever, 49 00:04:41,600 --> 00:04:43,600 from the time He originated you from the earth, 50 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:46,600 and when you were fetuses yet to be born. 51 00:04:46,600 --> 00:04:52,600 So do not testify to your own purity, claiming to be free of sins and disobedience. 52 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:56,600 Your Lord, O Muhammad, knows best who fears the punishment of Allah 53 00:04:56,600 --> 00:04:59,600 and thus avoids His disobedience among His servants. 54 00:04:59,600 --> 00:05:04,300 Have you seen the one who turned away? 55 00:05:04,300 --> 00:05:08,300 And gave a little, then stopped? 56 00:05:08,300 --> 00:05:13,300 “Hath he knowledge of the Unseen so that he seeth?” (53:35) 57 00:05:13,300 --> 00:05:17,879 Have you seen, O Muhammad, the one who turned his back on faith in Allah, 58 00:05:17,879 --> 00:05:23,879 and gave his companion a little of his wealth, then withheld it and became stingy? 59 00:05:23,879 --> 00:05:27,879 It is mentioned that this verse was revealed regarding al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah, 60 00:05:27,879 --> 00:05:30,879 because some of the polytheists had reproached him, 61 00:05:30,879 --> 00:05:35,879 for he had followed the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in his religion. 62 00:05:35,879 --> 00:05:40,879 The one who reproached him guaranteed that if he gave him a portion of his wealth 63 00:05:40,879 --> 00:05:45,879 and returned to his polytheism, he would bear the burden of his punishment in the hereafter. 64 00:05:45,879 --> 00:05:47,879 So he did so. 65 00:05:47,879 --> 00:05:51,879 He gave the one who reproached him some of what he had promised, 66 00:05:51,879 --> 00:05:55,879 then he became stingy and withheld the rest of what he had guaranteed. 67 00:05:55,879 --> 00:06:01,879 Does this man, to whom his companion guaranteed that he would bear his punishment in the hereafter, 68 00:06:01,879 --> 00:06:07,879 possess knowledge of the unseen, such that he sees the truth of his words and the fulfillment of his promise? 69 00:06:16,740 --> 00:06:22,220 Or has this person, who was promised that his punishment would be borne by another, not been informed 70 00:06:22,220 --> 00:06:26,220 of what is in the scriptures of Musa ibn Imran, peace be upon him, 71 00:06:26,220 --> 00:06:32,220 and Ibrahim, who fulfilled all the laws of Islam and all the acts of obedience he was commanded to perform: 72 00:06:33,220 --> 00:06:38,860 that no bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another? 73 00:06:38,860 --> 00:06:43,860 “And that man hath only that for which he maketh effort,” (53:39) 74 00:06:43,860 --> 00:06:47,860 “And that his effort will be seen.” (53:40) 75 00:06:47,860 --> 00:06:52,860 “And afterward he will be repaid for it with fullest payment;” (53:41) 76 00:07:03,470 --> 00:07:07,470 It is written in the scriptures of Musa and Ibrahim 77 00:07:07,470 --> 00:07:11,470 that no soul shall bear the sin of another, 78 00:07:11,470 --> 00:07:17,470 and no worker shall be rewarded except for his own work, whether it be good or evil, 79 00:07:17,470 --> 00:07:24,470 and that the work of every worker will be seen by him on the Day of Resurrection, whether it be good or evil, 80 00:07:24,470 --> 00:07:28,470 and then he will be rewarded for his efforts with the fullest reward, 81 00:07:28,470 --> 00:07:32,470 for He is the most faithful to what He has promised His creation regarding recompense. 82 00:07:32,470 --> 00:07:38,589 “And that thy Lord, He is the goal;” (53:42) 83 00:07:38,589 --> 00:07:42,589 “And that He it is who maketh laugh, and maketh weep,” (53:43) 84 00:07:42,589 --> 00:07:47,589 “And that He it is Who giveth death and giveth life;” (53:44) 85 00:07:47,589 --> 00:07:54,069 And that to your Lord, O Muhammad, is the final end of all His creation and their return, 86 00:07:54,069 --> 00:07:59,069 and He is the One who will requite them all for their deeds, both the righteous and the wicked among them. 87 00:07:59,069 --> 00:08:05,069 And that your Lord is the One who makes the people of Paradise laugh in Paradise by their entry into it, 88 00:08:05,069 --> 00:08:10,069 and makes the people of the Fire weep in the Fire, and makes whom He wills among the people of the world laugh, 89 00:08:10,069 --> 00:08:14,069 and makes whom He wills among them weep. 90 00:08:14,069 --> 00:08:20,100 And that He is the One who causes to die those who die among His creation, and He is the One who gives life to those who live among them, 91 00:08:20,100 --> 00:08:24,100 by breathing the soul into the lifeless drop of fluid. 92 00:08:24,100 --> 00:08:35,740 And that He created the two pairs, the male and the female, from a drop of fluid when it is emitted. 93 00:08:35,740 --> 00:08:40,740 “And that He hath ordained the second bringing forth;” (53:47) 94 00:08:40,740 --> 00:08:47,259 And that He originated, if He wills, the two pairs, the male and the female, and made them two pairs, 95 00:08:47,259 --> 00:08:52,259 creating that from a drop of fluid when the man and woman emit it. 96 00:08:52,259 --> 00:08:59,259 And that it is upon your Lord, O Muhammad, to create these two pairs after their death in a new creation. 97 00:08:59,259 --> 00:09:08,669 And that He is the One who enriches and provides possessions, and He is the Lord of Sirius. 98 00:09:08,669 --> 00:09:18,340 And that your Lord is the One who enriches whom He wills of His creation with wealth, and provides him with possessions, making for him a foundation of wealth. 99 00:09:18,340 --> 00:09:22,340 And that your Lord, O Muhammad, is the Lord of Sirius, 100 00:09:22,340 --> 00:09:27,340 which is a star that some of the people of the pre-Islamic era used to worship instead of Allah. 101 00:09:27,340 --> 00:09:32,950 “And that He destroyed the former (tribe of) A'ad,” (53:50) 102 00:09:32,950 --> 00:09:35,950 And Thamud, so He spared none. 103 00:09:35,950 --> 00:09:43,950 “And the folk of Noah aforetime, Lo! they were more unjust and more rebellious;” (53:52) 104 00:09:43,950 --> 00:09:49,950 And the overturned cities He brought down, so there covered them that which covered them. 105 00:09:49,950 --> 00:09:53,529 “And that He destroyed the former (tribe of) A'ad,” (53:50) 106 00:09:53,529 --> 00:09:58,559 They are the ones whom Allah destroyed with a fierce, raging wind. 107 00:09:58,559 --> 00:10:03,559 Allah did not leave Thamud to continue in their tyranny and rebellion, 108 00:10:03,559 --> 00:10:08,559 but rather He punished them for their disbelief and arrogance, and destroyed them. 109 00:10:08,559 --> 00:10:13,559 And He destroyed the people of Nuh before ‘Ad and Thamud. 110 00:10:13,559 --> 00:10:18,559 They were even more unjust to themselves and more tyrannical. 111 00:10:18,559 --> 00:10:22,559 And the one that was sunken, the one whose top was turned to its bottom, 112 00:10:22,559 --> 00:10:25,559 which is the village of Sodom, the people of Lut. 113 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:32,559 So Allah covered the overturned cities with the layered, marked stones that covered them. 114 00:10:32,559 --> 00:10:39,200 “Concerning which then, of the bounties of thy Lord, canst thou dispute?” (53:55) 115 00:10:39,200 --> 00:10:44,200 “This is a warner of the warners of old.” (53:56) 116 00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:51,549 So which of the favors of your Lord, O son of Adam, that He has bestowed upon you, do you doubt, dispute, and argue about? 117 00:10:51,549 --> 00:10:58,549 This is what I have warned you of, O people, regarding the events that I brought upon the nations before you, 118 00:10:58,549 --> 00:11:02,549 as part of the warnings I gave to the nations before you. 119 00:11:04,100 --> 00:11:11,100 The Approaching Hour draws near; there is none besides Allah who can disclose it. 120 00:11:11,100 --> 00:11:17,700 The near event has drawn close to you, O people, and it is the Resurrection. 121 00:11:17,700 --> 00:11:20,700 There is no one besides Allah who can reveal the Hour. 122 00:11:20,700 --> 00:11:25,700 It will not be revealed and come to pass except by Allah establishing it, 123 00:11:25,700 --> 00:11:29,700 and He alone discloses it, apart from any of His creation. 124 00:11:29,700 --> 00:11:34,149 “Marvel ye then at this statement,” (53:59) 125 00:11:34,149 --> 00:11:38,149 And you laugh and do not weep, 126 00:11:38,149 --> 00:11:43,149 while you are heedless. 127 00:11:43,149 --> 00:11:50,600 Do you, O people, wonder at this Qur'an, that it was sent down to Muhammad, peace be upon him, 128 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:53,600 and do you laugh at it in mockery, 129 00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:58,600 and not weep at the warnings it contains for those who disobey Allah, 130 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:02,600 while you are heedless of the lessons and reminders it contains? 131 00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:06,980 So prostrate to Allah and worship Him. 132 00:12:07,980 --> 00:12:15,500 So prostrate to Allah, O people, in your prayer, instead of any other gods or idols, 133 00:12:15,500 --> 00:12:17,500 and worship Him alone. 134 00:12:17,500 --> 00:12:23,379 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.