WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.540 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.540 --> 00:00:06.509 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.509 --> 00:00:09.710 for Human Studies and Research 00:00:09.710 --> 00:00:12.029 presents: 00:00:12.029 --> 00:00:16.269 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.269 --> 00:00:21.100 Chapter: When the heat becomes intense on Friday. 00:00:21.100 --> 00:00:24.980 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik, who said: 00:00:24.980 --> 00:00:29.699 When the cold became severe, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:00:29.699 --> 00:00:31.699 would pray early, 00:00:31.699 --> 00:00:33.700 and when the heat became intense, 00:00:33.700 --> 00:00:35.700 he would delay the prayer until it cooled down— 00:00:35.700 --> 00:00:38.210 meaning the Friday prayer. 00:00:38.210 --> 00:00:40.210 Commentary on the hadith: 00:00:40.210 --> 00:00:42.780 "Until it cooled down" 00:00:42.780 --> 00:00:44.780 means waiting until 00:00:44.780 --> 00:00:47.070 the intensity of the heat abates. 00:00:47.070 --> 00:00:49.070 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:00:49.070 --> 00:00:51.780 The hadith indicates that the time for Friday prayer 00:00:51.780 --> 00:00:53.780 is the time of Zuhr, 00:00:53.780 --> 00:00:55.780 and that it is performed 00:00:55.780 --> 00:00:57.780 after the sun passes the meridian (zawal), 00:00:57.780 --> 00:00:59.780 and that it may be delayed until it cools during extreme heat. 00:00:59.780 --> 00:01:04.049 Chapter: Walking [to the prayer]. 00:01:04.849 --> 00:01:07.459 On the authority of 'Abayah ibn Rifa'ah, 00:01:07.459 --> 00:01:09.459 who said: 00:01:09.459 --> 00:01:11.459 Abu 'Abs caught up with me 00:01:11.459 --> 00:01:13.459 while I was walking to the Friday prayer, 00:01:13.459 --> 00:01:15.459 and he said: 00:01:15.459 --> 00:01:17.459 I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:01:17.459 --> 00:01:19.459 say: 00:01:19.459 --> 00:01:21.459 "Anyone whose feet become dusty 00:01:21.459 --> 00:01:23.459 in the cause of Allah, 00:01:23.459 --> 00:01:25.459 Allah will forbid him from the Fire." 00:01:25.459 --> 00:01:28.000 Commentary on the hadith: 00:01:28.000 --> 00:01:30.379 Abu 'Abs 00:01:30.379 --> 00:01:32.379 is 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Jabr 00:01:32.379 --> 00:01:34.379 (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:01:35.379 --> 00:01:37.379 "Whose feet become dusty" 00:01:37.379 --> 00:01:39.379 means covered with dust. 00:01:39.379 --> 00:01:41.379 The feet were specifically mentioned 00:01:41.379 --> 00:01:43.379 because most of the warriors 00:01:43.379 --> 00:01:45.379 at that time were on foot, 00:01:45.379 --> 00:01:47.379 and feet inevitably get covered in dust 00:01:47.379 --> 00:01:49.379 in all circumstances, 00:01:49.379 --> 00:01:51.379 whether the dust is thick 00:01:51.379 --> 00:01:53.379 or light; 00:01:53.379 --> 00:01:55.379 moreover, the foundation of the child of Adam rests 00:01:55.379 --> 00:01:57.379 upon the feet, 00:01:57.379 --> 00:01:59.379 so if the feet are saved from the Fire, 00:01:59.379 --> 00:02:01.379 the rest of his limbs will be saved from it as well. 00:02:01.379 --> 00:02:03.569 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:02:04.370 --> 00:02:07.200 It is derived from this hadith 00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:09.199 an explanation of the virtue of walking 00:02:09.199 --> 00:02:11.199 to prayer; 00:02:11.199 --> 00:02:13.199 and it highlights the virtue of jihad 00:02:13.199 --> 00:02:15.229 in the cause of Allah Almighty. 00:02:15.229 --> 00:02:17.229 The hadith also contains an indication 00:02:17.229 --> 00:02:19.229 that acts of worship are a form 00:02:19.229 --> 00:02:21.229 of jihad, 00:02:21.229 --> 00:02:23.229 thus requiring patience and steadfast devotion. 00:02:23.229 --> 00:02:27.469 Chapter: 00:02:27.469 --> 00:02:29.469 A man must not make his brother stand on Friday 00:02:29.469 --> 00:02:31.469 so that he may sit in his place. 00:02:31.469 --> 00:02:34.180 On the authority of Nafi', 00:02:34.180 --> 00:02:36.180 on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, 00:02:36.979 --> 00:02:38.979 on the authority of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:02:38.979 --> 00:02:40.979 that he forbade 00:02:40.979 --> 00:02:42.979 making a man stand from his seat 00:02:42.979 --> 00:02:44.979 so that another may sit in it; 00:02:44.979 --> 00:02:46.979 rather, you should make space 00:02:46.979 --> 00:02:49.069 and accommodate one another. 00:02:49.069 --> 00:02:51.069 And Ibn 'Umar disliked 00:02:51.069 --> 00:02:53.069 that a man should stand up from his seat 00:02:53.069 --> 00:02:55.650 and someone else then sit in his place. 00:02:55.650 --> 00:02:57.650 Commentary 00:02:57.650 --> 00:03:00.189 on the hadith: 00:03:00.189 --> 00:03:02.189 "A man must not make his brother stand on Friday 00:03:02.189 --> 00:03:04.189 so that he may sit in his place." 00:03:04.189 --> 00:03:06.189 The reason for this prohibition 00:03:06.990 --> 00:03:08.990 is that it is done only out of arrogance 00:03:08.990 --> 00:03:10.990 and contempt for the person being displaced. 00:03:10.990 --> 00:03:13.020 "Rather, 00:03:13.020 --> 00:03:15.020 make space and accommodate one another" 00:03:15.020 --> 00:03:17.020 means: provide the newcomer to 00:03:17.020 --> 00:03:19.020 your gathering ample room and space, 00:03:19.020 --> 00:03:21.020 and broaden the seating. 00:03:21.020 --> 00:03:23.020 This is an etiquette explicitly enjoined by 00:03:23.020 --> 00:03:25.340 the Book and the Sunnah. 00:03:25.340 --> 00:03:27.340 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:03:27.340 --> 00:03:30.139 It is derived from this hadith 00:03:30.139 --> 00:03:32.139 that giving preference to others (ithar) is not allowed 00:03:32.139 --> 00:03:34.139 in acts of worship and proximity to Allah. 00:03:34.139 --> 00:03:36.139 The hadith also shows that the mosque is the house of Allah, 00:03:36.939 --> 00:03:38.939 so whoever arrives first at a place 00:03:38.939 --> 00:03:43.020 is more entitled to it. 00:03:43.020 --> 00:03:45.020 Chapter: The adhan on Friday. 00:03:45.020 --> 00:03:47.500 On the authority of al-Sa'ib ibn Yazid, 00:03:47.500 --> 00:03:49.500 who said: 00:03:49.500 --> 00:03:51.500 The adhan on Friday 00:03:51.500 --> 00:03:53.500 was originally called when 00:03:53.500 --> 00:03:55.500 the imam sat on Friday 00:03:55.500 --> 00:03:57.500 upon the pulpit during the era of 00:03:57.500 --> 00:03:59.500 the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:03:59.500 --> 00:04:01.500 and of Abu Bakr and 'Umar 00:04:01.500 --> 00:04:03.500 (may Allah be pleased with them both). 00:04:03.500 --> 00:04:05.500 But during the caliphate of 00:04:05.500 --> 00:04:07.500 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:04:08.300 --> 00:04:10.300 when the people increased in number— 00:04:10.300 --> 00:04:12.300 and in another narration: 00:04:12.300 --> 00:04:14.300 "The Prophet (peace be upon him) had 00:04:14.300 --> 00:04:16.300 no more than one caller to prayer"— 00:04:16.300 --> 00:04:18.370 'Uthman ordered on Friday 00:04:18.370 --> 00:04:20.370 the third call to prayer (the first adhan), 00:04:20.370 --> 00:04:22.370 which was proclaimed 00:04:22.370 --> 00:04:24.370 from al-Zawra', 00:04:24.370 --> 00:04:26.370 and the matter became established accordingly. 00:04:26.370 --> 00:04:28.720 Commentary 00:04:28.720 --> 00:04:31.040 on the hadith: 00:04:31.040 --> 00:04:33.040 Al-Zawra' 00:04:33.040 --> 00:04:35.040 was an elevated place near the marketplace of Medina, 00:04:35.040 --> 00:04:37.040 close to the mosque. 00:04:38.220 --> 00:04:40.220 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:04:40.220 --> 00:04:42.930 The hadith demonstrates the obligation of following 00:04:42.930 --> 00:04:44.930 the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, 00:04:44.930 --> 00:04:46.930 and that the actions of 00:04:46.930 --> 00:04:48.930 the leader are governed by the public interest 00:04:48.930 --> 00:04:53.139 of the community. 00:04:53.139 --> 00:04:55.740 Chapter: Delivering the sermon while standing. 00:04:55.740 --> 00:04:57.740 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased 00:04:57.740 --> 00:04:59.740 with them both), who said: 00:04:59.740 --> 00:05:01.740 The Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:05:01.740 --> 00:05:03.740 used to deliver the sermon standing, 00:05:03.740 --> 00:05:05.740 then sit down, 00:05:05.740 --> 00:05:07.740 then stand up again, 00:05:07.740 --> 00:05:10.189 just as you do now. 00:05:10.990 --> 00:05:13.250 Commentary on the hadith: 00:05:13.250 --> 00:05:15.250 The verb "used to" (kana) 00:05:15.250 --> 00:05:17.279 denotes continuity and regularity. 00:05:17.279 --> 00:05:19.279 "Just as you do now" 00:05:19.279 --> 00:05:21.279 indicates the continuation of 00:05:21.279 --> 00:05:23.279 the Prophetic guidance during the era of 00:05:23.279 --> 00:05:25.279 the Companions. 00:05:25.279 --> 00:05:27.949 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:05:27.949 --> 00:05:29.949 It is derived from this hadith 00:05:29.949 --> 00:05:31.949 that the practice of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah 00:05:31.949 --> 00:05:33.949 be upon him) 00:05:33.949 --> 00:05:35.949 is the benchmark of true guidance, 00:05:35.949 --> 00:05:37.949 and that acts of worship are fundamentally founded 00:05:37.949 --> 00:05:42.100 upon divine prescription (tawqif). 00:05:42.899 --> 00:05:44.899 The imam faces the people, 00:05:44.899 --> 00:05:46.899 and the people face the imam 00:05:46.899 --> 00:05:49.699 when he delivers the sermon. 00:05:49.699 --> 00:05:51.699 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased 00:05:51.699 --> 00:05:53.699 with him), 00:05:53.699 --> 00:05:55.699 that the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:05:55.699 --> 00:05:57.699 sat one day upon the pulpit, 00:05:57.699 --> 00:05:59.699 and we sat around him, 00:05:59.699 --> 00:06:01.699 and he said: 00:06:01.699 --> 00:06:03.699 "Among the things I fear 00:06:03.699 --> 00:06:05.699 for you after I am gone 00:06:05.699 --> 00:06:07.699 is what will be opened for you 00:06:07.699 --> 00:06:09.699 of the splendor and ornaments of this world." 00:06:09.699 --> 00:06:11.920 In one narration: 00:06:11.920 --> 00:06:13.980 "of the blessings of the earth." 00:06:13.980 --> 00:06:15.980 Then he mentioned the splendor of this world, 00:06:15.980 --> 00:06:17.980 beginning with one of them 00:06:17.980 --> 00:06:19.980 and following with the other. 00:06:19.980 --> 00:06:22.180 Thereupon a man said: 00:06:22.180 --> 00:06:24.180 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:06:24.180 --> 00:06:26.180 can good bring about evil?" 00:06:26.180 --> 00:06:30.180 The Prophet (peace be upon him) remained silent, 00:06:30.180 --> 00:06:32.180 so it was said to the man: 00:06:32.180 --> 00:06:34.180 "What is the matter with you? 00:06:34.180 --> 00:06:36.180 You speak to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:06:36.180 --> 00:06:38.180 while he does not answer you!" 00:06:38.180 --> 00:06:40.300 We then realized that 00:06:40.300 --> 00:06:42.529 revelation was descending upon him. 00:06:42.529 --> 00:06:44.529 In another narration: 00:06:44.529 --> 00:06:46.529 And the people fell silent, 00:06:46.529 --> 00:06:48.689 as if birds were perched upon their heads. 00:06:48.689 --> 00:06:50.689 He said: 00:06:50.689 --> 00:06:52.689 Then the sweat was wiped from him, 00:06:52.689 --> 00:06:54.689 and he said: 00:06:54.689 --> 00:06:56.689 "Where is the questioner?" 00:06:56.689 --> 00:06:58.779 —as if commending him— 00:06:58.779 --> 00:07:00.779 and said: 00:07:00.779 --> 00:07:02.779 "Good does not bring about evil, 00:07:02.779 --> 00:07:04.779 but among what the spring vegetation produces 00:07:04.779 --> 00:07:06.779 is that which kills or brings near to death—" 00:07:06.779 --> 00:07:08.779 in another narration: 00:07:08.779 --> 00:07:10.779 "kills by bloating— 00:07:10.779 --> 00:07:12.779 except for the vegetation-eating animal: 00:07:12.779 --> 00:07:14.779 it eats, 00:07:14.779 --> 00:07:16.779 and when its flanks are full, 00:07:16.779 --> 00:07:18.779 it faces the sun, 00:07:18.779 --> 00:07:20.779 defecates, 00:07:20.779 --> 00:07:22.779 urinates, and returns to graze. 00:07:22.779 --> 00:07:24.779 Indeed, this wealth 00:07:24.779 --> 00:07:26.779 "is sweet and green. 00:07:26.779 --> 00:07:28.779 What an excellent companion it is for a Muslim 00:07:28.779 --> 00:07:30.779 when he gives from it to the needy, 00:07:30.779 --> 00:07:32.779 the orphan, and the traveler," 00:07:32.779 --> 00:07:34.779 or as the Prophet, 00:07:34.779 --> 00:07:36.779 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:07:36.779 --> 00:07:38.819 "And whoever takes it 00:07:38.819 --> 00:07:40.819 without right 00:07:40.819 --> 00:07:42.819 is like one who eats and is never satisfied, 00:07:42.819 --> 00:07:44.819 and it will be a witness 00:07:44.819 --> 00:07:46.819 against him on the Day of Resurrection." 00:07:46.819 --> 00:07:49.259 Commentary 00:07:49.259 --> 00:07:51.810 on the hadith: 00:07:51.810 --> 00:07:53.810 "The splendor and adornment of the world," 00:07:53.810 --> 00:07:55.810 meaning its beauty and allure. 00:07:55.810 --> 00:07:57.870 "So the Prophet fell silent," 00:07:57.870 --> 00:07:59.870 peace be upon him, 00:07:59.870 --> 00:08:01.870 meaning waiting for divine revelation. 00:08:01.870 --> 00:08:03.970 "Al-Ruhada'" 00:08:03.970 --> 00:08:05.970 means profuse sweating. 00:08:05.970 --> 00:08:08.060 "And it was as if he praised him": 00:08:08.060 --> 00:08:10.060 when they saw that the Prophet, 00:08:10.060 --> 00:08:12.060 peace be upon him, 00:08:12.060 --> 00:08:14.060 inquired about him in an approving manner, 00:08:14.060 --> 00:08:16.060 they knew that he was praising him. 00:08:16.060 --> 00:08:18.220 "Among what spring produces 00:08:18.220 --> 00:08:20.220 kills or brings close to death," 00:08:20.220 --> 00:08:22.220 derived from "ilmām," 00:08:22.220 --> 00:08:24.220 meaning to approach and come near 00:08:24.220 --> 00:08:26.220 to destruction. 00:08:26.220 --> 00:08:28.220 "Except the vegetation-eating animal": 00:08:28.220 --> 00:08:30.220 out of everything spring produces, 00:08:30.220 --> 00:08:32.220 there is that which kills whoever eats it, 00:08:32.220 --> 00:08:34.220 except for the vegetation eater when it is moderate in what 00:08:34.220 --> 00:08:36.220 it consumes, 00:08:36.220 --> 00:08:38.220 taking care to avoid what would lead it 00:08:38.220 --> 00:08:40.539 to perish. 00:08:40.539 --> 00:08:42.539 "Its flanks swelled," 00:08:42.539 --> 00:08:44.539 meaning filled to full satiety, 00:08:44.539 --> 00:08:46.580 and its sides expanded. 00:08:46.580 --> 00:08:48.580 "So it excreted," 00:08:48.580 --> 00:08:50.580 meaning it discharged dung. 00:08:50.580 --> 00:08:52.769 "It grazed," 00:08:52.769 --> 00:08:54.769 meaning it grazed on spring pastures. 00:08:54.769 --> 00:08:56.769 "This wealth is sweet and green," 00:08:56.769 --> 00:08:58.960 meaning in its pleasantness 00:08:58.960 --> 00:09:00.960 and attractive luster. 00:09:00.960 --> 00:09:02.960 "Whoever takes it without right," 00:09:02.960 --> 00:09:04.960 or without any need for it, 00:09:04.960 --> 00:09:06.960 and fails to discharge its required 00:09:06.960 --> 00:09:08.990 obligation, 00:09:08.990 --> 00:09:10.990 "dies of bloating," 00:09:10.990 --> 00:09:12.990 meaning the animal perishes 00:09:12.990 --> 00:09:15.220 due to overeating. 00:09:15.220 --> 00:09:17.220 Points of benefit from the hadith: 00:09:17.220 --> 00:09:19.860 It is derived from the hadith 00:09:19.860 --> 00:09:21.860 that it is permissible to coin parables 00:09:21.860 --> 00:09:23.860 using lowly things 00:09:23.860 --> 00:09:25.860 and base expressions, 00:09:25.860 --> 00:09:27.860 such as urine and the like. 00:09:27.860 --> 00:09:29.860 It also shows that a student may present 00:09:29.860 --> 00:09:31.860 ambiguous matters before a scholar, 00:09:31.860 --> 00:09:33.860 and that a scholar, when asked about something, 00:09:33.860 --> 00:09:35.860 may delay the answer 00:09:35.860 --> 00:09:37.860 until the matter becomes clear 00:09:37.860 --> 00:09:39.860 and he attains certainty. 00:09:39.860 --> 00:09:41.919 The hadith also shows that a question, 00:09:41.919 --> 00:09:43.919 if it is out of place, 00:09:43.919 --> 00:09:45.919 may be disapproved of to the questioner. 00:09:45.919 --> 00:09:47.919 It also indicates that Allah Almighty 00:09:47.919 --> 00:09:49.919 does not bless wealth 00:09:49.919 --> 00:09:51.919 that is unlawful. 00:09:51.919 --> 00:09:53.919 The hadith also shows that a scholar 00:09:53.919 --> 00:09:55.919 should warn those who sit with him 00:09:55.919 --> 00:09:57.919 against the trial of wealth, 00:09:57.919 --> 00:09:59.919 alerting them to pitfalls of danger. 00:09:59.919 --> 00:10:01.919 It contains an exhortation to moderation 00:10:01.919 --> 00:10:03.919 in wealth, 00:10:03.919 --> 00:10:05.919 and to restrict oneself in worldly matters 00:10:05.919 --> 00:10:07.919 to bare sufficiency. 00:10:07.919 --> 00:10:09.919 It also contains an encouragement to give charity 00:10:09.919 --> 00:10:11.919 and to abandon withholding. 00:10:11.919 --> 00:10:13.919 It clarifies that wealth 00:10:13.919 --> 00:10:15.919 is the adornment of the life of this world, 00:10:15.919 --> 00:10:17.919 as stated in the Wise Remembrance. 00:10:17.919 --> 00:10:19.919 It shows that asking questions 00:10:19.919 --> 00:10:21.919 is the key to knowledge, 00:10:21.919 --> 00:10:23.919 and it contains praise for the sensible questioner. 00:10:23.919 --> 00:10:25.919 It indicates the legitimacy 00:10:25.919 --> 00:10:27.919 of answering a question 00:10:27.919 --> 00:10:29.919 based on the questioner's understanding, 00:10:29.919 --> 00:10:31.919 which is more impactful on the soul. 00:10:31.919 --> 00:10:33.919 The hadith shows that people 00:10:33.919 --> 00:10:35.919 regarding worldly wealth are of various categories: 00:10:35.919 --> 00:10:37.919 some amass it without right, 00:10:37.919 --> 00:10:39.919 some are moderate, 00:10:39.919 --> 00:10:41.919 and others are otherwise. 00:10:41.919 --> 00:10:46.029 Chapter: Whoever says 00:10:46.029 --> 00:10:48.029 in the sermon, after 00:10:48.029 --> 00:10:50.029 the praise: "Amma ba'd" (To proceed). 00:10:50.029 --> 00:10:52.860 On the authority of 'Amr ibn Taghlib: 00:10:52.860 --> 00:10:54.860 The Messenger of Allah, 00:10:54.860 --> 00:10:56.860 peace be upon him, 00:10:56.860 --> 00:10:58.860 was brought wealth or captives, 00:10:58.860 --> 00:11:00.860 and he distributed them. 00:11:00.860 --> 00:11:02.860 He gave to some men and withheld from others, 00:11:02.860 --> 00:11:04.899 and it reached him 00:11:04.899 --> 00:11:06.899 that those who were withheld from 00:11:06.899 --> 00:11:08.929 felt aggrieved. 00:11:08.929 --> 00:11:10.929 So he praised Allah 00:11:10.929 --> 00:11:12.929 and extolled Him, 00:11:12.929 --> 00:11:14.929 and then said: 00:11:14.929 --> 00:11:16.929 "To proceed: 00:11:16.929 --> 00:11:18.929 By Allah, I give to a man 00:11:18.929 --> 00:11:20.929 and leave another, 00:11:20.929 --> 00:11:22.929 yet the one I leave is dearer to me than the one 00:11:22.929 --> 00:11:24.929 I give to. 00:11:24.929 --> 00:11:26.929 But I give to some people 00:11:26.929 --> 00:11:28.929 out of their impatience and anxiety." 00:11:28.929 --> 00:11:31.120 In another narration: 00:11:31.120 --> 00:11:33.120 "I give to a people 00:11:33.120 --> 00:11:35.120 fearing their wavering and anxiety, 00:11:35.120 --> 00:11:37.179 and I entrust other people 00:11:37.179 --> 00:11:39.179 to what Allah has placed 00:11:39.179 --> 00:11:41.179 in their hearts of inner wealth 00:11:41.179 --> 00:11:43.179 and goodness, among whom is 'Amr ibn Taghlib." 00:11:43.179 --> 00:11:45.279 'Amr said: 00:11:45.279 --> 00:11:47.279 "By Allah, I would not exchange 00:11:47.279 --> 00:11:49.279 the statement of 00:11:49.279 --> 00:11:51.279 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:11:51.279 --> 00:11:53.279 for red camels." 00:11:53.279 --> 00:11:55.919 Commentary 00:11:55.919 --> 00:11:58.269 on the hadith: 00:11:58.269 --> 00:12:00.269 "Or captives, and he distributed them," 00:12:00.269 --> 00:12:02.269 meaning among those entitled to them. 00:12:02.269 --> 00:12:04.299 "They felt aggrieved," 00:12:04.299 --> 00:12:06.340 because they were deprived of the distribution. 00:12:06.340 --> 00:12:08.340 "Amma ba'd" (To proceed), 00:12:08.340 --> 00:12:10.340 meaning: after praising Allah 00:12:10.340 --> 00:12:12.500 and extolling Him. 00:12:12.500 --> 00:12:14.500 "And I leave a man," 00:12:14.500 --> 00:12:16.500 meaning: I withhold and do not give to that man. 00:12:16.500 --> 00:12:18.529 "Out of impatience," 00:12:18.529 --> 00:12:20.529 which is the opposite of patience, 00:12:20.529 --> 00:12:22.529 namely panic. 00:12:22.529 --> 00:12:24.529 "And anxiety," meaning intense 00:12:24.529 --> 00:12:26.590 panic and fear. 00:12:26.590 --> 00:12:28.590 "And I entrust other people to what 00:12:28.590 --> 00:12:30.590 Allah has placed in their hearts of inner wealth 00:12:30.590 --> 00:12:32.590 and goodness," meaning: 00:12:32.590 --> 00:12:34.590 I leave them with what Allah Almighty 00:12:34.590 --> 00:12:36.590 has granted them of contentment of soul, 00:12:36.590 --> 00:12:38.590 for they were patient and restrained themselves 00:12:38.590 --> 00:12:40.879 from begging and greed. 00:12:40.879 --> 00:12:42.879 "Red camels," 00:12:42.879 --> 00:12:44.879 meaning the finest, most precious, 00:12:44.879 --> 00:12:47.460 and most prized of camels. 00:12:47.460 --> 00:12:49.460 Points of benefit from the hadith: 00:12:49.460 --> 00:12:52.100 It is derived from the hadith 00:12:52.100 --> 00:12:54.100 that it was part of the complete compassion 00:12:54.100 --> 00:12:56.100 of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:12:56.100 --> 00:12:58.100 to win over the hearts 00:12:58.100 --> 00:13:00.259 of some people. 00:13:00.259 --> 00:13:02.259 The hadith shows that true wealth is not 00:13:02.259 --> 00:13:04.259 an abundance of worldly goods; 00:13:04.259 --> 00:13:06.259 rather, true wealth is the wealth of the soul. 00:13:06.259 --> 00:13:08.259 It highlights the virtue 00:13:08.259 --> 00:13:10.259 of 'Amr ibn Taghlib, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:13:10.259 --> 00:13:12.259 in that his heart possessed inner wealth. 00:13:12.259 --> 00:13:14.259 It also shows the legitimacy 00:13:14.259 --> 00:13:16.259 of praising others 00:13:16.259 --> 00:13:18.259 when they are safe from vanity. 00:13:18.259 --> 00:13:22.460 On the authority of 'A'ishah, 00:13:22.460 --> 00:13:24.460 may Allah be pleased with her: 00:13:24.460 --> 00:13:26.460 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:13:26.460 --> 00:13:28.460 went out one night 00:13:28.460 --> 00:13:30.460 in the middle of the night 00:13:30.460 --> 00:13:32.460 and prayed in the mosque, 00:13:32.460 --> 00:13:34.460 and some men prayed along with him. 00:13:34.460 --> 00:13:36.460 In the morning, the people 00:13:36.460 --> 00:13:38.460 talked about it, 00:13:38.460 --> 00:13:40.460 so a greater number gathered 00:13:40.460 --> 00:13:42.460 and prayed 00:13:42.460 --> 00:13:44.460 with him. 00:13:44.460 --> 00:13:46.460 In the morning, the people talked about it, 00:13:46.460 --> 00:13:48.460 and the attendees in the mosque increased 00:13:48.460 --> 00:13:50.529 on the third night. 00:13:50.529 --> 00:13:52.529 The Messenger of Allah, 00:13:52.529 --> 00:13:54.529 peace be upon him, went out 00:13:54.529 --> 00:13:56.529 and they prayed 00:13:56.529 --> 00:13:58.590 following his prayer. 00:13:58.590 --> 00:14:00.590 When the fourth night arrived, 00:14:00.590 --> 00:14:02.590 the mosque could not hold its congregation, 00:14:02.590 --> 00:14:04.590 until he came out 00:14:04.590 --> 00:14:06.620 for the dawn prayer. 00:14:06.620 --> 00:14:08.620 When he finished the Fajr prayer, 00:14:08.620 --> 00:14:10.620 he faced the people, 00:14:10.620 --> 00:14:12.620 recited the testimony of faith, and then said: 00:14:12.620 --> 00:14:14.620 "To proceed: 00:14:14.620 --> 00:14:16.620 It was not hidden 00:14:16.620 --> 00:14:18.620 from me where you were, 00:14:18.620 --> 00:14:20.620 but I feared that it might be made obligatory 00:14:20.620 --> 00:14:22.620 upon you, and then you would be unable 00:14:22.620 --> 00:14:24.779 to maintain it." 00:14:24.779 --> 00:14:26.779 In one narration: 00:14:26.779 --> 00:14:28.779 "And that was during Ramadan, 00:14:28.779 --> 00:14:30.779 and the Messenger of Allah, 00:14:30.779 --> 00:14:32.779 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed away 00:14:32.779 --> 00:14:35.419 while the matter remained as such." 00:14:35.419 --> 00:14:37.840 Commentary on the hadith: 00:14:37.840 --> 00:14:39.840 "In the depth of the night," 00:14:39.840 --> 00:14:41.840 meaning deep within it and at its midpoint. 00:14:41.840 --> 00:14:43.940 "And some men prayed 00:14:43.940 --> 00:14:45.940 following his prayer," 00:14:45.940 --> 00:14:47.940 meaning following his lead, peace be upon him. 00:14:47.940 --> 00:14:50.000 "So they spoke about it," 00:14:50.000 --> 00:14:52.000 meaning they spoke of their night prayer 00:14:52.000 --> 00:14:54.000 with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:14:54.000 --> 00:14:56.129 "The mosque was too small 00:14:56.129 --> 00:14:58.129 to hold its people," 00:14:58.129 --> 00:15:00.129 meaning it became cramped and crowded for them. 00:15:00.129 --> 00:15:02.220 "It was not hidden from me 00:15:02.220 --> 00:15:04.220 where you were," 00:15:04.220 --> 00:15:06.220 meaning your gathering and your waiting 00:15:06.220 --> 00:15:08.289 for the prayer. 00:15:08.289 --> 00:15:10.289 "And then you would be unable to maintain it," 00:15:10.289 --> 00:15:12.289 meaning you would not bear it 00:15:12.289 --> 00:15:14.769 nor be able to perform it consistently. 00:15:14.769 --> 00:15:17.500 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:15:17.500 --> 00:15:19.500 From this hadith, it is deduced that 00:15:19.500 --> 00:15:21.500 it is permissible to follow in prayer 00:15:21.500 --> 00:15:23.500 an imam who did not intend to serve 00:15:23.500 --> 00:15:25.500 as an imam for that particular prayer, 00:15:25.500 --> 00:15:27.500 because the people followed him, 00:15:27.500 --> 00:15:29.500 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:15:29.500 --> 00:15:31.500 from behind the barrier, 00:15:31.500 --> 00:15:33.500 while he had not formed the intention with them 00:15:33.500 --> 00:15:35.600 to lead them as an imam. 00:15:35.600 --> 00:15:37.600 The hadith also indicates that performing voluntary prayers 00:15:37.600 --> 00:15:39.600 at home is preferable. 00:15:39.600 --> 00:15:41.600 It also establishes the permissibility of performing voluntary prayers 00:15:41.600 --> 00:15:43.600 in congregation. 00:15:43.600 --> 00:15:45.600 It also demonstrates the complete compassion 00:15:45.600 --> 00:15:47.600 of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:15:47.600 --> 00:15:49.659 It also shows the eagerness of the Companions, 00:15:49.659 --> 00:15:51.659 may Allah be pleased with them, 00:15:51.659 --> 00:15:53.659 to emulate the actions of the Prophet, 00:15:53.659 --> 00:15:55.659 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:15:55.659 --> 00:15:57.659 and his ways. 00:15:57.659 --> 00:15:59.659 It also proves that clarifying a ruling must not be delayed 00:15:59.659 --> 00:16:01.659 beyond the time of need. 00:16:01.659 --> 00:16:03.659 It also indicates that priority must be given to what is most important 00:16:03.659 --> 00:16:05.659 when an apparent benefit clashes 00:16:05.659 --> 00:16:09.710 with the fear of harm. 00:16:09.710 --> 00:16:11.710 On the authority of Abu Humayd al-Sa'idi, 00:16:11.710 --> 00:16:13.710 who said: "The Messenger of Allah, 00:16:13.710 --> 00:16:15.710 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, appointed 00:16:15.710 --> 00:16:17.710 a man to collect zakat, 00:16:17.710 --> 00:16:19.710 called Ibn al-Lutbiyyah." 00:16:19.710 --> 00:16:21.870 In one narration: 00:16:21.870 --> 00:16:23.870 "from the tribe of Banu Asad, 00:16:23.870 --> 00:16:25.870 called Ibn al-Utbiyyah." 00:16:25.870 --> 00:16:27.870 And in another narration: 00:16:27.870 --> 00:16:30.159 "from al-Azd. 00:16:30.159 --> 00:16:32.159 When he returned, 00:16:32.159 --> 00:16:34.190 the Prophet called him to account. 00:16:34.190 --> 00:16:36.190 He said: 'This is your wealth, 00:16:36.190 --> 00:16:38.190 and this was given to me as a gift.' 00:16:38.190 --> 00:16:40.190 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah, 00:16:40.190 --> 00:16:42.190 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:16:42.190 --> 00:16:44.190 'Why did you not sit in the house 00:16:44.190 --> 00:16:46.190 of your father and mother, 00:16:46.190 --> 00:16:48.190 and see whether your gift would come to you, 00:16:48.190 --> 00:16:50.259 if you are truthful?!' 00:16:50.259 --> 00:16:52.259 Then he delivered a sermon to us." 00:16:52.259 --> 00:16:54.259 In one narration: 00:16:54.259 --> 00:16:56.259 "Then the Messenger of Allah, 00:16:56.259 --> 00:16:58.259 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, stood up in the evening 00:16:58.259 --> 00:17:00.320 after the prayer, 00:17:00.320 --> 00:17:02.320 praised Allah and extolled Him, 00:17:02.320 --> 00:17:04.319 and then said: 00:17:04.319 --> 00:17:06.319 'To proceed: 00:17:06.319 --> 00:17:08.319 Indeed, I appoint a man 00:17:08.319 --> 00:17:10.319 among you to do an assignment 00:17:10.319 --> 00:17:12.319 from that which Allah has entrusted to me, 00:17:12.319 --> 00:17:14.319 and he comes and says: 00:17:14.319 --> 00:17:16.319 "This is your wealth, 00:17:16.319 --> 00:17:18.319 and this was a gift presented to me." 00:17:18.319 --> 00:17:20.579 Why did he not sit in 00:17:20.579 --> 00:17:22.579 the house of his father and mother 00:17:22.579 --> 00:17:24.640 to see whether his gift would come to him?! 00:17:24.640 --> 00:17:26.640 By Allah, no one takes—' 00:17:26.640 --> 00:17:28.640 In another narration: 00:17:28.640 --> 00:17:30.640 'By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, 00:17:30.640 --> 00:17:32.640 none of you misappropriates 00:17:32.640 --> 00:17:34.640 anything of it 00:17:34.640 --> 00:17:36.640 unlawfully 00:17:36.640 --> 00:17:38.640 except that he will meet Allah carrying it 00:17:38.640 --> 00:17:40.670 on the Day of Resurrection! 00:17:40.670 --> 00:17:42.670 Let me not find any of you coming before 00:17:42.670 --> 00:17:44.670 Allah carrying a camel that 00:17:44.670 --> 00:17:46.670 is grunting, 00:17:46.670 --> 00:17:48.670 or a cow that is lowing, 00:17:48.670 --> 00:17:50.769 or a sheep that is bleating!' 00:17:50.769 --> 00:17:52.769 Then he raised his hands so high that 00:17:52.769 --> 00:17:54.769 the whiteness of his armpits could be seen, 00:17:54.769 --> 00:17:56.769 saying: 00:17:56.769 --> 00:17:58.769 'O Allah, have I conveyed the message?'" 00:17:58.769 --> 00:18:00.769 In one narration: 00:18:00.769 --> 00:18:02.769 "three times. 00:18:02.769 --> 00:18:04.900 'My own eyes saw him, and my own ears heard him.'" 00:18:04.900 --> 00:18:06.900 In one narration: 00:18:06.900 --> 00:18:08.900 "'And ask Zayd Ibn Thabit, 00:18:08.900 --> 00:18:10.900 for he heard it along with me.'" 00:18:10.900 --> 00:18:13.220 Commentary on the hadith: 00:18:13.220 --> 00:18:15.599 "Called Ibn al-Lutbiyyah": 00:18:15.599 --> 00:18:17.599 he was 'Abdullah 00:18:17.599 --> 00:18:19.730 Ibn al-Lutbiyyah, 00:18:19.730 --> 00:18:21.730 appointed over the zakat of Banu Sulaym, 00:18:21.730 --> 00:18:23.730 meaning to collect and receive 00:18:23.730 --> 00:18:25.759 the zakat of Banu Sulaym. 00:18:25.759 --> 00:18:27.759 "He called him to account," 00:18:27.759 --> 00:18:29.759 meaning concerning his official post and what he did during it. 00:18:29.759 --> 00:18:31.789 "This is your wealth," 00:18:31.789 --> 00:18:33.789 meaning these are the zakat funds 00:18:33.789 --> 00:18:35.789 that I was sent to collect. 00:18:35.789 --> 00:18:37.859 "From that which Allah has entrusted to me," 00:18:37.859 --> 00:18:39.859 meaning the supreme authority, 00:18:39.859 --> 00:18:41.859 which is governance; 00:18:41.859 --> 00:18:43.859 for it is the ruler who collects 00:18:43.859 --> 00:18:45.859 the zakat in order to distribute it 00:18:45.859 --> 00:18:47.859 to its designated avenues. 00:18:47.980 --> 00:18:49.980 "Carrying it," 00:18:49.980 --> 00:18:51.980 meaning carrying it upon his neck. 00:18:51.980 --> 00:18:53.980 "That is grunting," 00:18:53.980 --> 00:18:55.980 which is the sound of a camel. 00:18:55.980 --> 00:18:57.980 "That is lowing," 00:18:57.980 --> 00:18:59.980 which is the sound of a cow. 00:18:59.980 --> 00:19:01.980 "Bleating," meaning crying out. 00:19:01.980 --> 00:19:03.980 "My own eyes saw him, and my own ears heard him," 00:19:03.980 --> 00:19:05.980 meaning I personally witnessed the Prophet, 00:19:05.980 --> 00:19:07.980 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:19:07.980 --> 00:19:09.980 at the time of making that statement. 00:19:15.259 --> 00:19:17.259 The hadith serves as a foundational basis for oversight and accountability 00:19:17.259 --> 00:19:19.259 regarding public officials. 00:19:19.259 --> 00:19:21.259 The hadith also indicates 00:19:21.259 --> 00:19:23.259 that gifts given to a public official must be returned. 00:19:23.259 --> 00:19:25.420 The hadith also indicates 00:19:25.420 --> 00:19:27.420 that gifts given to public officials belong entirely 00:19:27.420 --> 00:19:29.420 to the public wealth of the Muslims. 00:19:29.420 --> 00:19:31.420 It also demonstrates the legitimacy of gentle reprimand 00:19:31.420 --> 00:19:33.420 when commanding what is right 00:19:33.420 --> 00:19:35.420 and forbidding what is wrong. 00:19:35.420 --> 00:19:37.420 It also establishes the permissibility of swearing an oath to emphasize matters. 00:19:37.420 --> 00:19:39.420 The hadith also indicates 00:19:39.420 --> 00:19:41.420 that gifts given to public officials 00:19:41.420 --> 00:19:43.420 constitute unlawful misappropriation (ghulul), 00:19:43.420 --> 00:19:45.420 and if accompanied by favoritism, 00:19:45.420 --> 00:19:47.420 they amount to bribery. 00:19:47.420 --> 00:19:49.420 It also proves that the recompense 00:19:49.420 --> 00:19:51.420 corresponds directly to the nature of the deed. 00:19:51.420 --> 00:19:53.420 It also establishes the prohibition 00:19:53.420 --> 00:19:57.059 of bribery and misappropriation of public funds. 00:19:57.059 --> 00:19:59.059 On the authority of al-Miswar Ibn Makhramah, 00:19:59.059 --> 00:20:01.059 who said: "Indeed, 'Ali 00:20:01.059 --> 00:20:03.059 proposed to the daughter of Abu Jahl. 00:20:03.059 --> 00:20:05.059 When Fatimah heard of that, 00:20:05.059 --> 00:20:07.059 she came to the Messenger 00:20:07.059 --> 00:20:09.059 of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:20:09.059 --> 00:20:11.059 and said: 00:20:11.059 --> 00:20:13.059 'Your people claim that you 00:20:13.059 --> 00:20:15.059 do not get angry on behalf of your daughters, 00:20:15.059 --> 00:20:17.059 and here is 'Ali 00:20:17.059 --> 00:20:19.059 intending to marry the daughter of Abu Jahl!' 00:20:19.059 --> 00:20:21.059 So the Messenger of Allah, 00:20:21.059 --> 00:20:23.059 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, stood up, 00:20:23.059 --> 00:20:25.059 and I heard him when he 00:20:25.059 --> 00:20:27.059 recited the testimony of faith, saying: 00:20:27.059 --> 00:20:29.150 'To proceed: 00:20:29.150 --> 00:20:31.279 [In one narration: Indeed, 00:20:31.279 --> 00:20:33.279 the clan of Hisham Ibn al-Mughirah 00:20:33.279 --> 00:20:35.279 sought my permission to give in marriage 00:20:35.279 --> 00:20:37.279 their daughter to 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib, 00:20:37.279 --> 00:20:39.279 but I do not grant permission, 00:20:39.279 --> 00:20:41.279 then I do not grant permission, 00:20:41.279 --> 00:20:43.279 then I do not grant permission, 00:20:43.279 --> 00:20:45.279 unless 00:20:45.279 --> 00:20:47.279 Ibn Abi Talib wishes to divorce 00:20:47.279 --> 00:20:49.279 my daughter and marry their daughter.] 00:20:49.279 --> 00:20:51.380 I gave my daughter in marriage to Abu al-'As 00:20:51.380 --> 00:20:53.380 Ibn al-Rabi', 00:20:53.380 --> 00:20:55.380 and he spoke to me and was truthful to me.'" 00:20:55.380 --> 00:20:57.539 In one narration: 00:20:57.539 --> 00:20:59.539 "'And he promised me and fulfilled his promise to me. 00:20:59.539 --> 00:21:01.539 And I do not forbid 00:21:01.539 --> 00:21:03.539 what is lawful, nor do I make lawful [what is forbidden], 00:21:04.539 --> 00:21:06.539 "And Fatimah 00:21:06.539 --> 00:21:08.539 is a part of me; 00:21:08.539 --> 00:21:10.539 I dislike whatever distresses her." 00:21:10.539 --> 00:21:12.599 In another narration: 00:21:12.599 --> 00:21:14.599 "Whoever angers her angers me." 00:21:14.599 --> 00:21:16.660 And in another narration: 00:21:16.660 --> 00:21:18.660 "And I fear 00:21:18.660 --> 00:21:20.660 that she may be tested in her religion." 00:21:20.660 --> 00:21:22.660 And in another narration: 00:21:22.660 --> 00:21:24.660 "Whatever troubles her troubles me, 00:21:24.660 --> 00:21:26.660 and whatever harms her 00:21:26.660 --> 00:21:28.859 harms me. 00:21:28.859 --> 00:21:30.859 By Allah, there shall never be gathered together 00:21:30.859 --> 00:21:32.859 the daughter of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:21:32.859 --> 00:21:34.859 and the daughter of the enemy of Allah 00:21:34.859 --> 00:21:36.859 under one man." 00:21:36.859 --> 00:21:38.950 Thereupon, 'Ali abandoned the marriage proposal. 00:21:38.950 --> 00:21:41.369 Commentary 00:21:41.369 --> 00:21:43.369 on the hadith: 00:21:43.369 --> 00:21:45.779 He proposed to the daughter of Abu Jahl; 00:21:45.779 --> 00:21:47.779 it was said her name was Juwayriyah, 00:21:47.779 --> 00:21:49.779 or Al-'Awra', 00:21:49.779 --> 00:21:51.779 among other opinions. 00:21:51.779 --> 00:21:53.880 "Your people claim": 00:21:53.880 --> 00:21:55.880 meaning, they say and circulate 00:21:55.880 --> 00:21:57.940 this rumor. 00:21:57.940 --> 00:21:59.940 "I gave [my daughter] in marriage to Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi'": 00:21:59.940 --> 00:22:01.940 meaning, he married him to Zaynab, 00:22:01.940 --> 00:22:03.940 the daughter of Muhammad, peace be upon him, 00:22:03.940 --> 00:22:05.940 may Allah be pleased with her. 00:22:05.940 --> 00:22:08.069 And his saying: 00:22:08.069 --> 00:22:10.069 "I do not permit it, 00:22:10.069 --> 00:22:12.069 then I do not permit it, 00:22:12.069 --> 00:22:14.069 then I do not permit it," 00:22:14.069 --> 00:22:16.069 demonstrates his complete compassion, peace be upon him, 00:22:16.069 --> 00:22:18.069 toward his Ummah, 00:22:18.069 --> 00:22:20.069 including the daughter of Abu Jahl; 00:22:20.069 --> 00:22:22.069 for if she were to become 00:22:22.069 --> 00:22:24.069 a co-wife to Fatimah, 00:22:24.069 --> 00:22:26.069 and what naturally occurs between co-wives were to happen, 00:22:26.069 --> 00:22:28.069 she might cause her distress, 00:22:28.069 --> 00:22:30.069 and consequently, 00:22:30.069 --> 00:22:32.069 that would cause distress to the Messenger of Allah, 00:22:32.069 --> 00:22:34.069 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:22:34.069 --> 00:22:36.069 and she would be ruined on account of that. 00:22:36.069 --> 00:22:38.259 "He spoke to me and was truthful with me": 00:22:38.259 --> 00:22:40.259 as if he intended 00:22:40.259 --> 00:22:42.259 thereby that he had 00:22:42.259 --> 00:22:44.259 stipulated to Abu al-'As 00:22:44.259 --> 00:22:46.259 not to take another wife over Zaynab, 00:22:46.259 --> 00:22:48.259 and he remained true to his condition; 00:22:48.259 --> 00:22:50.259 thus, the Prophet, 00:22:50.259 --> 00:22:52.259 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, thanked him 00:22:52.259 --> 00:22:54.259 by commending his loyalty 00:22:54.259 --> 00:22:56.329 and truthfulness. 00:22:56.329 --> 00:22:58.329 "A part of me": 00:22:58.329 --> 00:23:00.390 meaning, a piece of me. 00:23:00.390 --> 00:23:02.390 "Whatever distresses her": 00:23:02.390 --> 00:23:04.390 meaning, that harm should befall her 00:23:04.390 --> 00:23:06.869 through this marriage. 00:23:06.869 --> 00:23:09.480 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:23:09.480 --> 00:23:11.480 It is derived from the hadith 00:23:11.480 --> 00:23:13.480 an explanation of the Prophet's complete compassion, 00:23:13.480 --> 00:23:15.480 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:23:15.480 --> 00:23:17.480 toward his daughter and his Ummah. 00:23:17.480 --> 00:23:19.480 In it is the permissibility 00:23:19.480 --> 00:23:21.480 of a daughter expressing grievance to her father. 00:23:21.480 --> 00:23:23.509 And in the hadith: 00:23:23.509 --> 00:23:25.509 jealousy is an innate human disposition 00:23:25.509 --> 00:23:27.509 from which even the righteous are not immune. 00:23:27.509 --> 00:23:29.509 In it is encouragement 00:23:29.509 --> 00:23:31.509 to fulfill agreed-upon conditions, 00:23:31.509 --> 00:23:33.509 and praise for those who are truthful 00:23:33.509 --> 00:23:35.509 and faithful to their covenants. 00:23:35.509 --> 00:23:37.509 In it is the permissibility of swearing an oath 00:23:37.509 --> 00:23:39.539 regarding permissible matters. 00:23:39.539 --> 00:23:41.539 And in the hadith is a recommendation 00:23:41.539 --> 00:23:43.579 for a Muslim to fulfill the oath of his brother. 00:23:43.579 --> 00:23:45.579 In it is the legitimacy 00:23:45.579 --> 00:23:47.579 of foregoing a permissible act for a preponderant 00:23:47.579 --> 00:23:49.609 interest. 00:23:49.609 --> 00:23:51.609 In it is the prohibition of harming 00:23:51.609 --> 00:23:53.609 anyone whose harm causes distress to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:23:53.609 --> 00:23:55.740 by their being harmed. 00:23:55.740 --> 00:23:57.740 And in the hadith is honoring those associated 00:23:57.740 --> 00:23:59.740 with goodness, nobility, or religious virtue. 00:23:59.740 --> 00:24:01.799 In it is the legitimacy 00:24:01.799 --> 00:24:03.799 of openly giving counsel 00:24:03.799 --> 00:24:07.880 when it serves a public benefit. 00:24:07.880 --> 00:24:09.880 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him 00:24:09.880 --> 00:24:11.880 and his father, who said: 00:24:11.880 --> 00:24:13.880 "The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ascended 00:24:13.880 --> 00:24:15.880 the pulpit, 00:24:15.880 --> 00:24:17.880 and it was the last gathering in which he sat, 00:24:17.880 --> 00:24:19.880 wrapping 00:24:19.880 --> 00:24:21.880 a sheet around his shoulders, 00:24:21.880 --> 00:24:23.880 having bound his head 00:24:23.880 --> 00:24:25.940 with a dark-colored bandage. 00:24:25.940 --> 00:24:27.940 He praised Allah and extolled Him, 00:24:27.940 --> 00:24:29.940 then said: 00:24:29.940 --> 00:24:31.940 'O people, gather around me!' 00:24:31.940 --> 00:24:33.940 So they gathered around him. 00:24:33.940 --> 00:24:35.940 Then he said: 00:24:35.940 --> 00:24:37.940 'As for what follows: 00:24:37.940 --> 00:24:39.940 Indeed, this community of 00:24:39.940 --> 00:24:41.940 the Ansar will decrease, 00:24:41.940 --> 00:24:43.940 while other people will increase." 00:24:43.940 --> 00:24:45.940 In another narration: 00:24:45.940 --> 00:24:47.940 "'until they become among people 00:24:47.940 --> 00:24:49.940 like salt in food. 00:24:49.940 --> 00:24:52.099 So whoever is granted authority 00:24:52.099 --> 00:24:54.099 over anything concerning the Ummah of Muhammad, 00:24:54.099 --> 00:24:56.099 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:24:56.099 --> 00:24:58.099 and is able to cause harm therein 00:24:58.099 --> 00:25:00.099 to anyone, 00:25:00.099 --> 00:25:02.099 or benefit anyone therein, 00:25:02.099 --> 00:25:04.099 let him accept from their good-doers 00:25:04.099 --> 00:25:06.099 and overlook 00:25:06.099 --> 00:25:08.579 their wrongdoers.'" 00:25:08.579 --> 00:25:11.220 Commentary on the hadith: 00:25:11.220 --> 00:25:13.220 "And it was the last gathering 00:25:13.220 --> 00:25:15.220 in which he sat": 00:25:15.220 --> 00:25:17.220 an indication that this gathering took place toward the very end 00:25:17.220 --> 00:25:19.220 of the life of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:25:19.220 --> 00:25:21.319 "Wrapping": 00:25:21.319 --> 00:25:23.319 meaning, wearing 00:25:23.319 --> 00:25:25.319 a sheet. 00:25:25.319 --> 00:25:27.319 "The sheet" (al-milhafah): 00:25:27.319 --> 00:25:29.349 is a large wrapper. 00:25:29.349 --> 00:25:31.349 "With a dark-colored bandage" (bi-'isabatin dasma'): 00:25:31.349 --> 00:25:33.349 meaning, a black turban; 00:25:33.349 --> 00:25:35.349 it was also said: a dusty-colored cloth tinged 00:25:35.349 --> 00:25:37.349 with blackness, 00:25:37.349 --> 00:25:39.450 among other explanations. 00:25:39.450 --> 00:25:41.450 "O people, gather around me!": 00:25:41.450 --> 00:25:43.509 meaning, come forward. 00:25:43.509 --> 00:25:45.509 "So they gathered around him": 00:25:45.509 --> 00:25:47.509 meaning, they assembled near him. 00:25:47.509 --> 00:25:49.509 "Let him accept from their good-doers": 00:25:49.509 --> 00:25:51.509 meaning, their good deeds, 00:25:51.509 --> 00:25:53.509 and pardon their wrongdoers. 00:25:53.509 --> 00:25:55.960 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:25:55.960 --> 00:25:58.569 It is derived 00:25:58.569 --> 00:26:00.569 from the hadith 00:26:00.569 --> 00:26:02.569 that it was of the guidance of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:26:02.569 --> 00:26:04.569 that whenever he wished 00:26:04.569 --> 00:26:06.569 to deliver a particularly emphatic exhortation, 00:26:06.569 --> 00:26:08.630 he would ascend the pulpit. 00:26:08.630 --> 00:26:10.630 In it is a clarification of the virtue 00:26:10.630 --> 00:26:12.630 of the Ansar, may Allah be pleased with them. 00:26:12.630 --> 00:26:14.630 The hadith is among the signs 00:26:14.630 --> 00:26:16.630 of Prophethood, 00:26:16.630 --> 00:26:18.630 as it contains foretelling of the unseen, 00:26:18.630 --> 00:26:20.630 because the Ansar did indeed decrease, 00:26:20.630 --> 00:26:24.710 while other people multiplied. 00:26:24.710 --> 00:26:26.710 Chapter: Listening attentively to the sermon. 00:26:26.710 --> 00:26:29.160 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 00:26:29.160 --> 00:26:31.160 who said: 00:26:31.160 --> 00:26:33.190 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:26:33.190 --> 00:26:35.190 "When the day of Friday comes, 00:26:35.190 --> 00:26:37.190 the angels stand 00:26:37.190 --> 00:26:39.190 at the door of the mosque, 00:26:39.190 --> 00:26:41.190 recording the first to arrive, then the next. 00:26:41.190 --> 00:26:43.259 The likeness of the one who arrives early 00:26:43.259 --> 00:26:45.259 is like that of one who offers 00:26:45.259 --> 00:26:47.259 a camel; 00:26:47.259 --> 00:26:49.259 then like one who offers a cow; 00:26:49.259 --> 00:26:51.259 then a ram; 00:26:51.259 --> 00:26:53.259 then a chicken; 00:26:53.259 --> 00:26:55.380 then an egg. 00:26:55.380 --> 00:26:57.380 When the Imam comes out, 00:26:57.380 --> 00:26:59.380 they fold up their scrolls 00:26:59.380 --> 00:27:02.119 and listen to the remembrance." 00:27:02.119 --> 00:27:04.119 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:04.119 --> 00:27:06.470 "They record the first to arrive, then the next": 00:27:06.470 --> 00:27:08.470 meaning, in the order of their arrival 00:27:08.470 --> 00:27:10.730 at the mosque. 00:27:10.730 --> 00:27:12.730 "The likeness of the early-comer": 00:27:12.730 --> 00:27:14.759 meaning, the one who sets out early to the mosque. 00:27:14.759 --> 00:27:16.759 "Offers a camel": 00:27:16.759 --> 00:27:18.759 meaning, gives a she-camel in charity. 00:27:18.759 --> 00:27:20.819 "When the Imam comes out": 00:27:20.819 --> 00:27:22.819 meaning, sits upon the pulpit. 00:27:22.819 --> 00:27:24.890 "And listen to the remembrance": 00:27:24.890 --> 00:27:26.890 meaning, the sermon. 00:27:26.890 --> 00:27:29.369 Among the benefits 00:27:29.369 --> 00:27:31.940 of the hadith: 00:27:31.940 --> 00:27:33.940 It is derived from the hadith 00:27:33.940 --> 00:27:35.940 the explanation of the virtue of going early to Friday prayer. 00:27:35.940 --> 00:27:37.940 And in the hadith: 00:27:37.940 --> 00:27:39.940 the angels record 00:27:39.940 --> 00:27:41.940 the ranks of people based on their arrival for the prayer, 00:27:41.940 --> 00:27:43.940 and the ranks of people 00:27:43.940 --> 00:27:45.940 in virtue correspond to 00:27:45.940 --> 00:27:47.940 their deeds. 00:27:47.940 --> 00:27:49.940 In it is the permissibility of applying the term 00:27:49.940 --> 00:27:51.940 of gift and charity to both little and much. 00:27:51.940 --> 00:27:53.940 And in the hadith: 00:27:53.940 --> 00:27:55.940 that the angels attend the sermon 00:27:55.940 --> 00:27:58.009 and the prayer. 00:27:58.009 --> 00:28:00.009 It also indicates the obligation of listening attentively to the sermon 00:28:00.009 --> 00:28:03.930 on Friday. 00:28:03.930 --> 00:28:05.930 Chapter: 00:28:05.930 --> 00:28:07.930 If the imam sees a man arrive 00:28:07.930 --> 00:28:09.930 while he is delivering the sermon, 00:28:09.930 --> 00:28:12.660 he should instruct him to pray two rak'ahs. 00:28:12.660 --> 00:28:14.660 On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdillah, 00:28:14.660 --> 00:28:16.660 may Allah be pleased with both of them, who said: 00:28:16.660 --> 00:28:18.660 The Messenger of Allah, 00:28:18.660 --> 00:28:20.660 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:28:20.660 --> 00:28:22.700 "If one of you arrives 00:28:22.700 --> 00:28:24.700 while the imam is delivering the sermon, 00:28:24.700 --> 00:28:26.700 or has already come out, 00:28:26.700 --> 00:28:28.700 let him pray two rak'ahs." 00:28:28.700 --> 00:28:30.859 In another narration: 00:28:30.859 --> 00:28:32.859 A man entered on Friday 00:28:32.859 --> 00:28:34.859 while the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:28:34.859 --> 00:28:36.859 was delivering the sermon, 00:28:36.859 --> 00:28:38.859 so he asked, "Have you prayed?" 00:28:38.859 --> 00:28:40.890 He replied, "No." 00:28:40.890 --> 00:28:42.890 He said, "Stand up 00:28:42.890 --> 00:28:45.369 and pray two rak'ahs." 00:28:45.369 --> 00:28:47.369 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:47.369 --> 00:28:49.849 "If one of you arrives"— 00:28:49.849 --> 00:28:51.849 meaning, arrives at the mosque. 00:28:51.849 --> 00:28:53.849 In the hadith of Jabir, 00:28:53.849 --> 00:28:55.849 may Allah be pleased with both of them, 00:28:55.849 --> 00:28:57.849 it is stated that this incident occurred 00:28:57.849 --> 00:28:59.849 with Sulayk al-Ghatafani, 00:28:59.849 --> 00:29:02.039 may Allah be pleased with him. 00:29:02.039 --> 00:29:04.039 "Or has already come out"— 00:29:04.039 --> 00:29:06.200 meaning, he has seated himself upon the pulpit. 00:29:06.200 --> 00:29:08.200 Points of benefit from the hadith: 00:29:08.200 --> 00:29:10.970 It is derived from the hadith 00:29:10.970 --> 00:29:12.970 that it is prescribed to draw attention 00:29:12.970 --> 00:29:14.970 to the mistakes of worshippers 00:29:14.970 --> 00:29:16.970 from the pulpit without explicitly naming them. 00:29:16.970 --> 00:29:18.970 The hadith also contains 00:29:18.970 --> 00:29:20.970 an indication that voluntary prayers 00:29:20.970 --> 00:29:22.970 during the day are performed two by two, 00:29:22.970 --> 00:29:24.970 just like voluntary prayers during the night. 00:29:24.970 --> 00:29:26.970 It also shows the permissibility of speaking 00:29:26.970 --> 00:29:28.970 during the sermon when an urgent matter arises 00:29:28.970 --> 00:29:30.970 and speech is genuinely necessary. 00:29:30.970 --> 00:29:33.000 Furthermore, the hadith indicates that 00:29:33.000 --> 00:29:35.000 the sermon does not prevent an incoming person 00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:37.000 entering the mosque from fulfilling the right 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:39.000 of the greeting due upon him 00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:41.000 for the sake of Allah.