WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.480 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:06.440 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.440 --> 00:00:09.640 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.640 --> 00:00:10.939 presents: 00:00:10.939 --> 00:00:16.239 Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.239 --> 00:00:22.989 Chapter: Having a Mosque along the Pathway Without Causing Harm to People. 00:00:22.989 --> 00:00:29.859 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:00:30.859 --> 00:00:32.859 "Since I first possessed reason, I never knew my parents 00:00:32.859 --> 00:00:35.859 except that they both practiced the true religion. 00:00:35.859 --> 00:00:37.859 Not a single day passed for us 00:00:37.859 --> 00:00:43.859 without the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) visiting us at either end of the day, 00:00:43.859 --> 00:00:46.079 morning and evening. 00:00:46.079 --> 00:00:49.079 When the Muslims were subjected to severe trials, 00:00:49.079 --> 00:00:53.079 Abu Bakr set out emigrating toward the land of Abyssinia. 00:00:53.079 --> 00:00:55.079 When he reached Bark al-Ghimad, 00:00:55.079 --> 00:00:57.079 he was met by Ibn al-Dughunnah, 00:00:57.079 --> 00:00:59.079 who was the chief of the Qarah tribe. 00:00:59.079 --> 00:01:01.079 He asked, 00:01:01.079 --> 00:01:03.079 'Where are you heading, O Abu Bakr?' 00:01:03.079 --> 00:01:05.079 Abu Bakr replied, 00:01:05.079 --> 00:01:07.079 'My people have driven me out, 00:01:07.079 --> 00:01:11.079 so I wish to wander the earth and worship my Lord.' 00:01:11.079 --> 00:01:13.140 Ibn al-Dughunnah said, 00:01:13.140 --> 00:01:18.180 'Indeed, someone like you, O Abu Bakr, should neither depart nor be driven out! 00:01:18.180 --> 00:01:20.180 For you provide for the destitute, 00:01:20.180 --> 00:01:22.180 maintain family ties, 00:01:22.180 --> 00:01:23.180 bear the burdens of the weary, 00:01:23.180 --> 00:01:25.180 host guests generously, 00:01:25.180 --> 00:01:28.400 and assist those afflicted by misfortunes of truth.' 00:01:28.400 --> 00:01:30.400 'I am your guarantor of protection! 00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:31.400 Return, 00:01:31.400 --> 00:01:33.400 and worship your Lord in your own homeland.' 00:01:33.400 --> 00:01:35.400 So he returned, 00:01:35.400 --> 00:01:37.400 and Ibn al-Dughunnah departed alongside him. 00:01:37.400 --> 00:01:40.400 In the evening, Ibn al-Dughunnah went around 00:01:40.400 --> 00:01:42.400 among the nobles of Quraysh 00:01:42.400 --> 00:01:44.400 and said to them, 00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:48.400 'Indeed, someone like Abu Bakr should neither depart nor be driven out! 00:01:48.400 --> 00:01:51.400 Do you expel a man who provides for the destitute, 00:01:51.400 --> 00:01:53.400 maintains family ties, 00:01:53.400 --> 00:01:54.400 bears the burdens of the weary, 00:01:54.400 --> 00:01:56.400 hosts guests generously, 00:01:56.400 --> 00:01:58.780 and assists those afflicted by misfortunes of truth?' 00:01:58.780 --> 00:02:02.780 Quraysh did not contest the protection granted by Ibn al-Dughunnah, 00:02:02.780 --> 00:02:04.780 and they said to Ibn al-Dughunnah, 00:02:04.780 --> 00:02:05.780 'Instruct Abu Bakr 00:02:05.780 --> 00:02:08.780 to worship his Lord inside his own house; 00:02:08.780 --> 00:02:10.780 he may pray therein 00:02:10.780 --> 00:02:12.780 and recite whatever he wishes, 00:02:12.780 --> 00:02:14.780 but he must not cause us distress thereby, 00:02:14.780 --> 00:02:16.780 nor proclaim it publicly. 00:02:16.780 --> 00:02:21.849 For we fear that he will entice our women and our children.' 00:02:21.849 --> 00:02:24.849 Ibn al-Dughunnah conveyed that to Abu Bakr. 00:02:24.849 --> 00:02:29.909 Abu Bakr remained thus, worshipping his Lord inside his house, 00:02:29.909 --> 00:02:35.039 neither praying publicly nor reciting anywhere other than his home. 00:02:35.039 --> 00:02:37.039 Later, an idea occurred to Abu Bakr: 00:02:37.039 --> 00:02:40.039 he built a prayer area in the courtyard of his house, 00:02:40.039 --> 00:02:44.039 and began praying in it and reciting the Qur'an. 00:02:44.039 --> 00:02:48.039 The women and children of the polytheists began crowding around him, 00:02:48.039 --> 00:02:52.039 marveling at him and gazing upon him. 00:02:52.039 --> 00:02:55.039 Abu Bakr was a tenderhearted man who wept frequently; 00:02:55.039 --> 00:02:59.039 he could not restrain his tears when reciting the Qur'an. 00:02:59.039 --> 00:03:03.039 This alarmed the polytheist nobles of Quraysh, 00:03:03.039 --> 00:03:06.039 so they sent for Ibn al-Dughunnah, 00:03:06.039 --> 00:03:08.039 and when he came to them, 00:03:08.039 --> 00:03:09.039 they said, 00:03:09.039 --> 00:03:13.039 'We granted Abu Bakr asylum under your protection 00:03:13.039 --> 00:03:16.039 on the condition that he worship his Lord inside his house, 00:03:16.039 --> 00:03:18.039 yet he has overstepped that! 00:03:18.039 --> 00:03:21.039 He built a prayer place in the courtyard of his house, 00:03:21.039 --> 00:03:24.039 publicly performing the prayer and reciting therein, 00:03:24.039 --> 00:03:29.039 and we truly fear that he will entice our women and our children! 00:03:29.039 --> 00:03:30.039 So forbid him! 00:03:30.039 --> 00:03:32.199 In another narration: 00:03:32.199 --> 00:03:33.259 'Go to him: 00:03:33.259 --> 00:03:38.259 if he chooses to restrict himself to worshipping his Lord inside his house, he may do so; 00:03:38.259 --> 00:03:41.259 but if he refuses anything short of public practice, 00:03:41.259 --> 00:03:45.259 ask him to return your covenant of protection to you! 00:03:45.259 --> 00:03:48.259 For we loathe betraying your covenant, 00:03:48.259 --> 00:03:52.259 yet we will not permit Abu Bakr to proclaim his worship openly.' 00:03:52.259 --> 00:03:54.330 'A'ishah said: 00:03:54.330 --> 00:03:58.360 So Ibn al-Dughunnah came to Abu Bakr and said, 00:03:58.360 --> 00:04:01.360 'You know the terms upon which I made a covenant on your behalf: 00:04:01.360 --> 00:04:04.360 either you restrict yourself to that, 00:04:04.360 --> 00:04:08.360 or you return my covenant of protection to me, 00:04:08.360 --> 00:04:14.360 for I do not like the Arabs to hear that I was betrayed concerning a man under my covenant.' 00:04:14.360 --> 00:04:16.550 Abu Bakr replied, 00:04:16.550 --> 00:04:19.550 'I hereby return your protection to you, 00:04:19.550 --> 00:04:22.550 and I am well pleased with the protection of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.' 00:04:22.550 --> 00:04:27.709 The Prophet (peace be upon him) was in Mecca at that time, 00:04:27.709 --> 00:04:31.779 and he said to the Muslims: 00:04:31.779 --> 00:04:35.779 'I have been shown the place of your migration: 00:04:35.779 --> 00:04:37.779 a land of date palms.' 00:04:37.779 --> 00:04:38.779 In another narration: 00:04:38.779 --> 00:04:41.779 'I saw a salt flat rich in date palms, 00:04:41.779 --> 00:04:43.779 situated between two lava tracts'— 00:04:43.779 --> 00:04:45.779 meaning the two volcanic plains. 00:04:45.779 --> 00:04:48.779 So whoever wished to emigrate departed toward Medina, 00:04:48.779 --> 00:04:53.779 and most of those who had emigrated to Abyssinia returned to Medina. 00:04:53.779 --> 00:04:57.779 Abu Bakr also prepared to depart for Medina, 00:04:57.779 --> 00:05:01.779 but the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him, 00:05:01.779 --> 00:05:03.779 'Be patient, 00:05:03.779 --> 00:05:06.779 for I hope that permission will soon be granted to me.' 00:05:06.779 --> 00:05:08.779 Abu Bakr asked, 00:05:08.779 --> 00:05:11.779 'Do you truly expect that, may my father be ransomed for you?' 00:05:11.779 --> 00:05:12.779 He said, 'Yes.' 00:05:12.779 --> 00:05:17.810 So Abu Bakr held himself back to accompany the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:05:17.810 --> 00:05:19.810 in order to be his companion. 00:05:19.810 --> 00:05:23.810 He fed two riding camels he possessed leaves of the acacia tree— 00:05:23.810 --> 00:05:26.810 which is fallen foliage—for four months. 00:05:26.810 --> 00:05:28.810 'A'ishah said: 00:05:28.810 --> 00:05:34.810 While we were seated one day in the house of Abu Bakr in the intense heat of midday, 00:05:34.810 --> 00:05:37.810 someone called out to Abu Bakr: 00:05:37.810 --> 00:05:41.810 'Here is the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) veiled with a head covering, 00:05:41.810 --> 00:05:45.810 coming at an hour he never used to visit us.' 00:05:45.810 --> 00:05:47.899 Abu Bakr said, 00:05:47.899 --> 00:05:50.899 'May my father and mother be ransomed for him! 00:05:50.899 --> 00:05:55.899 By Allah, nothing could have brought him at this hour except an urgent matter.' 00:05:55.899 --> 00:05:56.970 She said: 00:05:56.970 --> 00:06:01.970 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arrived and sought permission to enter; 00:06:01.970 --> 00:06:03.970 permission was granted, and he entered. 00:06:03.970 --> 00:06:09.000 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to Abu Bakr, 00:06:09.000 --> 00:06:11.000 'Have whoever is with you step out.' 00:06:11.000 --> 00:06:13.000 Abu Bakr replied, 00:06:13.000 --> 00:06:17.000 'They are only your family, may my father be ransomed for you, O Messenger of Allah.' 00:06:17.000 --> 00:06:19.100 He said, 00:06:19.100 --> 00:06:22.100 'I have been granted permission to depart.' 00:06:22.100 --> 00:06:24.100 Abu Bakr asked, 00:06:24.100 --> 00:06:28.100 'May I accompany you, may my father be ransomed for you, O Messenger of Allah?' 00:06:28.100 --> 00:06:33.220 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied, 'Yes.' 00:06:33.220 --> 00:06:35.259 Abu Bakr said, 00:06:35.259 --> 00:06:40.259 'Take, may my father be ransomed for you, O Messenger of Allah, one of these two riding camels of mine.' 00:06:40.259 --> 00:06:45.290 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, 'Only for a price.' 00:06:45.290 --> 00:06:47.319 'A'ishah said: 00:06:47.319 --> 00:06:50.319 We prepared provisions for them with the utmost haste 00:06:50.319 --> 00:06:54.319 and packed their travel rations in a leather pouch. 00:06:54.319 --> 00:06:59.319 Asma' bint Abi Bakr cut a piece from her waist-girdle 00:06:59.319 --> 00:07:02.319 and tied the opening of the pouch with it; 00:07:02.319 --> 00:07:05.319 thus she was named 'She of the Two Girdles.' 00:07:05.319 --> 00:07:07.420 She continued: 00:07:07.420 --> 00:07:10.420 Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:07:10.420 --> 00:07:14.420 and Abu Bakr reached a cave on Mount Thawr, 00:07:14.420 --> 00:07:17.449 and they concealed themselves in it for three nights. 00:07:17.449 --> 00:07:20.449 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr would spend the night with them; 00:07:20.449 --> 00:07:22.449 he was a young youth, 00:07:22.449 --> 00:07:24.449 intelligent and perceptive. 00:07:24.449 --> 00:07:27.449 He would depart from them before daybreak 00:07:27.449 --> 00:07:31.449 and arrive in the morning among Quraysh in Mecca as though he had spent the night there. 00:07:31.449 --> 00:07:35.449 He would not hear of any plot against them without memorizing it, 00:07:35.449 --> 00:07:40.449 bringing them word of it when darkness fell. 00:07:40.449 --> 00:07:45.509 'Amir ibn Fuhayrah, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, would pasture 00:07:45.509 --> 00:07:47.509 a flock of dairy sheep near them, 00:07:47.509 --> 00:07:52.509 bringing them back to rest near them an hour into the night. 00:07:52.509 --> 00:07:54.509 Thus, they would spend the night supplied with fresh milk, 00:07:54.509 --> 00:07:58.509 which was the yield of their flock and heated by warm stones, 00:07:58.509 --> 00:08:02.509 until 'Amir ibn Fuhayrah would call the flock away before sunrise; 00:08:02.509 --> 00:08:07.509 he did that on every single night of those three nights. 00:08:07.509 --> 00:08:11.800 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:08:11.800 --> 00:08:14.800 and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of al-Dil— 00:08:14.800 --> 00:08:17.800 from the clan of Banu 'Abd ibn 'Adi— 00:08:17.800 --> 00:08:19.800 as an expert scout; 00:08:19.800 --> 00:08:23.800 a khirrit is an expert proficient in guiding paths. 00:08:23.800 --> 00:08:27.800 He had dipped his hand in an alliance with the family of al-'As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi, 00:08:27.800 --> 00:08:30.800 and he still followed the religion of the polytheists of Quraysh. 00:08:30.800 --> 00:08:32.799 Yet they trusted him, 00:08:32.799 --> 00:08:35.799 so they handed over their two riding mounts to him 00:08:35.799 --> 00:08:39.799 and made an appointment to meet him at the Cave of Thawr after three nights, 00:08:39.799 --> 00:08:42.799 with their two mounts on the morning of the third day. 00:08:42.799 --> 00:08:46.799 'Amir ibn Fuhayrah and the guide set out with them, 00:08:46.799 --> 00:08:49.799 and he led them along the coastal route. 00:08:49.799 --> 00:08:53.220 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:08:53.220 --> 00:08:55.759 'I never possessed reason': 00:08:55.759 --> 00:08:57.820 meaning: I never knew. 00:08:57.820 --> 00:08:58.820 'My parents': 00:08:58.820 --> 00:09:01.820 she meant Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:09:01.820 --> 00:09:05.820 and her mother, Umm Ruman (may Allah be pleased with her); 00:09:05.820 --> 00:09:08.919 using the dual form here is by way of predominance. 00:09:08.919 --> 00:09:10.919 'Practiced the true religion': 00:09:10.919 --> 00:09:12.950 meaning: the religion of Islam. 00:09:12.950 --> 00:09:14.950 'Morning and evening': 00:09:14.950 --> 00:09:17.179 that is, day and night. 00:09:17.179 --> 00:09:19.179 'When the Muslims were subjected to severe trials': 00:09:19.179 --> 00:09:23.269 meaning: by the harm inflicted by the disbelievers of Quraysh and others. 00:09:23.269 --> 00:09:25.269 'Bark al-Ghimad': 00:09:25.269 --> 00:09:29.269 a location five nights' journey from Mecca toward Yemen, 00:09:29.269 --> 00:09:32.559 along the seashore. 00:09:32.559 --> 00:09:34.559 'Chief of the Qarah tribe': 00:09:34.559 --> 00:09:36.690 it is a well-known tribe. 00:09:36.690 --> 00:09:38.690 'Ibn al-Dughunnah': 00:09:38.690 --> 00:09:40.690 named after his mother; 00:09:40.690 --> 00:09:43.779 it is said his name was Rabi'ah ibn Rafi'. 00:09:43.779 --> 00:09:46.779 'To wander' comes from tourism/journeying; 00:09:46.779 --> 00:09:50.879 here it means departing cities to inhabit the open wilderness. 00:09:50.879 --> 00:09:52.879 'Provide for the destitute': 00:09:52.879 --> 00:09:55.879 meaning: you give people wealth and grant them means. 00:09:55.879 --> 00:09:57.940 'Bear the burdens of the weary': 00:09:57.940 --> 00:10:00.940 that is: whoever cannot manage their own affairs. 00:10:00.940 --> 00:10:02.940 'Host guests generously': 00:10:02.940 --> 00:10:03.940 "Hospitality" (*al-qirā*) 00:10:03.940 --> 00:10:06.940 means the food and lodging prepared for a guest. 00:10:06.940 --> 00:10:09.940 "And you assist against the vicissitudes of truth" 00:10:09.940 --> 00:10:13.009 means its misfortunes and calamities. 00:10:13.009 --> 00:10:14.009 "A protector" (*jār*) 00:10:14.009 --> 00:10:17.009 means one granting refuge: "I shall protect you from anyone who harms you." 00:10:17.009 --> 00:10:20.009 "So Quraysh did not repudiate the protection of Ibn al-Dughunnah" 00:10:20.009 --> 00:10:22.009 means they accepted his grant of asylum 00:10:22.009 --> 00:10:27.009 and did not reject his word regarding the safety of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:10:27.009 --> 00:10:29.039 "And that he should not practice it publicly" 00:10:29.039 --> 00:10:33.039 means that his prayer and recitation must not be audible or visible to us, 00:10:33.039 --> 00:10:36.039 "lest he mislead our women and children" 00:10:36.039 --> 00:10:39.039 into turning away from idol worship. 00:10:39.039 --> 00:10:41.169 "So he remained" 00:10:41.169 --> 00:10:44.169 abiding by what they had stipulated for a time. 00:10:44.169 --> 00:10:46.259 "Then it appeared" 00:10:46.259 --> 00:10:50.259 meaning an idea other than his initial approach occurred to him. 00:10:50.259 --> 00:10:52.419 "In the courtyard of his house" 00:10:52.419 --> 00:10:55.419 refers to the open space in front of his home. 00:10:55.419 --> 00:10:57.580 "So they would flock to him" 00:10:57.580 --> 00:10:59.710 means rushing toward him. 00:10:59.710 --> 00:11:01.710 "He could not contain his eyes" 00:11:01.710 --> 00:11:04.710 means he was incapable of holding back his tears 00:11:04.710 --> 00:11:09.840 due to the tenderness of his heart when reciting and hearing the Qur'an. 00:11:09.840 --> 00:11:10.840 "And it terrified" 00:11:10.840 --> 00:11:12.840 means frightened. 00:11:12.840 --> 00:11:14.840 "He has overstepped that" 00:11:14.840 --> 00:11:16.840 means he has failed to abide by the agreed condition. 00:11:16.840 --> 00:11:18.100 "So forbid him" 00:11:18.100 --> 00:11:20.289 means restrain him. 00:11:20.289 --> 00:11:24.289 "If he restricts himself to worshiping his Lord inside his house, let him do so" 00:11:24.289 --> 00:11:26.289 means if he adheres to the stipulation 00:11:26.289 --> 00:11:29.539 and does not publicize his worship; 00:11:29.539 --> 00:11:30.539 "and if he refuses" 00:11:30.539 --> 00:11:32.539 meaning if he declines, 00:11:32.539 --> 00:11:33.539 "then ask him" 00:11:33.539 --> 00:11:35.700 meaning demand of him 00:11:35.700 --> 00:11:36.700 "to return your pledge" 00:11:36.700 --> 00:11:38.700 meaning your protection and covenant. 00:11:38.700 --> 00:11:40.960 "We would hate to breach your pledge" 00:11:40.960 --> 00:11:43.960 means we detest violating your covenant, 00:11:43.960 --> 00:11:46.120 "yet we do not approve" 00:11:47.120 --> 00:11:51.179 meaning we do not accept his conduct, nor will we remain silent about it. 00:11:51.179 --> 00:11:53.179 "upon which I made an agreement for you" 00:11:53.179 --> 00:11:57.179 means on the condition under which I secured their protection for you. 00:11:57.179 --> 00:11:59.179 "I return your protection to you" 00:11:59.179 --> 00:12:02.340 meaning your pledge and covenant of security, 00:12:02.340 --> 00:12:05.340 "and I am well-pleased with the protection of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic" 00:12:05.340 --> 00:12:08.500 meaning with His safety and safeguarding. 00:12:08.500 --> 00:12:09.500 "I was shown" 00:12:09.500 --> 00:12:11.629 means it was revealed to me. 00:12:11.629 --> 00:12:13.629 "Between two lava tracts" (*lābatayn*): 00:12:13.629 --> 00:12:16.629 a *lābah* is a tract of land outside Medina 00:12:16.629 --> 00:12:19.759 covered with abundant black stones. 00:12:19.759 --> 00:12:21.759 The two volcanic tracts 00:12:21.759 --> 00:12:23.759 are those situated in Medina. 00:12:23.820 --> 00:12:24.820 "Most of them" 00:12:24.820 --> 00:12:26.889 means the majority. 00:12:26.889 --> 00:12:27.889 "He prepared himself" 00:12:27.889 --> 00:12:29.919 means he got ready. 00:12:29.919 --> 00:12:30.919 "At your leisure" 00:12:30.919 --> 00:12:32.950 means do not hurry; take your time. 00:12:32.950 --> 00:12:34.950 So Abu Bakr held himself back, 00:12:34.950 --> 00:12:37.950 restraining himself from emigrating 00:12:37.950 --> 00:12:42.080 for the sake of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:12:42.080 --> 00:12:43.080 "Two riding-beasts" (*rāḥilatayn*): 00:12:43.080 --> 00:12:44.080 a *rāḥilah* 00:12:44.080 --> 00:12:48.080 is a camel strong enough for journeying and carrying loads. 00:12:48.080 --> 00:12:50.139 "Acacia leaves" (*waraq al-samur*) 00:12:50.139 --> 00:12:52.139 are a type of leaf from the talh tree; 00:12:52.139 --> 00:12:54.269 they are *khabaṭ*, 00:12:54.269 --> 00:12:56.269 which refers to leaves beaten off with sticks 00:12:56.269 --> 00:12:58.269 and fallen from the trees. 00:12:58.269 --> 00:13:00.529 "In the heat of the midday" 00:13:00.529 --> 00:13:03.529 means at the onset of peak daytime heat. 00:13:03.529 --> 00:13:04.529 "Veiled" (*mutaqanni'an*) 00:13:04.529 --> 00:13:06.529 means covering his head. 00:13:06.529 --> 00:13:08.590 "At an hour" 00:13:08.590 --> 00:13:10.590 means at a time. 00:13:10.590 --> 00:13:12.590 "They are only your family" 00:13:12.590 --> 00:13:16.590 refers to 'A'ishah and Asma' (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:13:16.590 --> 00:13:18.620 "Companionship" 00:13:18.620 --> 00:13:20.620 means: "I desire your companionship on the journey." 00:13:20.620 --> 00:13:22.850 "The quickest preparation" 00:13:22.850 --> 00:13:23.850 derives from *ḥathth*, 00:13:23.850 --> 00:13:25.850 which means hastening. 00:13:25.850 --> 00:13:26.850 *Al-jihāz* 00:13:26.850 --> 00:13:29.850 refers to the supplies required for travel and the like. 00:13:29.850 --> 00:13:31.850 "We prepared a travel-ration for them": 00:13:31.850 --> 00:13:35.850 *al-sufrah* is the provision prepared for a traveler, 00:13:35.850 --> 00:13:38.850 and it was later used to refer to the food container itself. 00:13:38.850 --> 00:13:40.879 "From her girdle" (*niṭāq*): 00:13:40.879 --> 00:13:45.879 the *niṭāq* is a waist-wrap with a sash worn by women, 00:13:45.879 --> 00:13:46.879 and a *minṭaq* 00:13:46.879 --> 00:13:49.879 is anything tied around the waist. 00:13:49.879 --> 00:13:51.909 "In a cave on Mount Thawr": 00:13:51.909 --> 00:13:54.909 it is a well-known mountain in Mecca. 00:13:54.909 --> 00:13:56.070 "Sagacious" (*thaqif*) 00:13:56.070 --> 00:13:58.070 means skilled, intelligent, and perceptive; 00:13:58.070 --> 00:13:59.070 "quick-witted" (*laqif*) 00:13:59.070 --> 00:14:01.070 means swift in understanding 00:14:01.070 --> 00:14:05.070 and excellent at absorbing what he hears and learns. 00:14:05.070 --> 00:14:06.070 "So he would depart in the early hours" 00:14:06.070 --> 00:14:10.070 means he would set out at dawn, returning toward Mecca. 00:14:10.070 --> 00:14:12.200 "What they plotted against them" 00:14:12.200 --> 00:14:15.200 means the schemes Quraysh devised against the two of them. 00:14:15.200 --> 00:14:18.259 "He retained it" means he memorized it. 00:14:18.259 --> 00:14:19.259 "A milk-providing sheep" (*minḥah*) 00:14:19.259 --> 00:14:23.259 is a sheep whose milk a man dedicates to someone else. 00:14:23.259 --> 00:14:25.389 "He brought them back in the evening" 00:14:25.389 --> 00:14:28.419 means he returned the sheep to them at nightfall. 00:14:28.419 --> 00:14:29.419 "In fresh milk" (*fī rasal*): 00:14:29.419 --> 00:14:31.460 *rasal* is fresh milk. 00:14:31.460 --> 00:14:33.460 "And their heated milk" (*raḍīf*): 00:14:33.460 --> 00:14:34.460 *al-raḍīf* 00:14:34.460 --> 00:14:38.460 is milk into which heated stones are placed 00:14:38.460 --> 00:14:41.519 so that its heaviness and digestive burden are removed. 00:14:41.519 --> 00:14:43.519 "Until he would shout" 00:14:43.519 --> 00:14:45.549 meaning he called out to his sheep 00:14:45.549 --> 00:14:46.549 "at daybreak" (*bi-ghalas*), 00:14:46.549 --> 00:14:49.580 which is in the darkness of the end of the night. 00:14:49.580 --> 00:14:50.580 "As a guide" 00:14:50.580 --> 00:14:53.840 means guiding them along the path; 00:14:53.840 --> 00:14:56.840 and a *khirrīt* is an expert guide. 00:14:56.840 --> 00:15:01.000 This explanation is an interpolation (*mudraj*) within the narration from the words of al-Zuhri. 00:15:01.000 --> 00:15:05.000 "He had dipped an alliance into the clan of al-'As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi" 00:15:05.000 --> 00:15:09.000 means he shared in their covenant and alliance, thereby securing safety. 00:15:09.000 --> 00:15:10.029 "So they trusted him" 00:15:10.029 --> 00:15:12.059 means they placed their reliance on him. 00:15:12.059 --> 00:15:15.059 "So he took them along the coastal route" 00:15:15.059 --> 00:15:19.700 means he traveled until he brought them to the seashore. 00:15:19.700 --> 00:15:23.570 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:15:23.570 --> 00:15:25.570 From this hadith is deduced 00:15:25.570 --> 00:15:28.570 an affirmation of the virtue of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:15:28.570 --> 00:15:31.570 his precedence in Islam, 00:15:31.570 --> 00:15:34.570 and the deep devotion and close companionship of Abu Bakr 00:15:34.570 --> 00:15:37.600 to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:15:37.600 --> 00:15:41.600 In the hadith is an exposition of what al-Siddiq possessed 00:15:41.600 --> 00:15:43.600 of excellence and truthfulness 00:15:43.600 --> 00:15:46.600 in supporting his Messenger (peace be upon him), 00:15:46.600 --> 00:15:49.600 sacrificing his life and wealth for that cause. 00:15:49.600 --> 00:15:52.600 It shows that frequent visits are unproblematic 00:15:52.600 --> 00:15:56.600 when affection is well-established or there is a need for it. 00:15:56.600 --> 00:16:01.629 The Sunnah has established that Muslims are tested in proportion to their faith. 00:16:01.629 --> 00:16:05.629 It indicates that customary asylum was recognized among the Arabs 00:16:05.629 --> 00:16:07.629 and confirmed by the Sacred Law. 00:16:07.629 --> 00:16:11.629 The notables of the Arabs used to grant protection to anyone who sought refuge with them 00:16:11.629 --> 00:16:13.730 and requested their asylum. 00:16:13.730 --> 00:16:17.730 It shows that seeking asylum is only for one who has been wronged, 00:16:17.730 --> 00:16:21.730 and that a believer may seek refuge with someone who will shield him from injustice 00:16:21.730 --> 00:16:23.730 if he fears for his life, 00:16:23.730 --> 00:16:26.730 even if the one granting protection is a disbeliever. 00:16:26.730 --> 00:16:30.820 One has the choice between taking the dispensation and exercising patient endurance. 00:16:30.820 --> 00:16:37.820 It highlights the virtue of patience in the face of the harm a Muslim endures in the cause of Allah Almighty. 00:16:37.820 --> 00:16:41.820 It demonstrates the virtue of emigration and fleeing to safeguard one's religion. 00:16:41.820 --> 00:16:46.860 The hadith suggests that anyone whose continued presence is beneficial 00:16:46.860 --> 00:16:48.860 should not leave the land, 00:16:48.860 --> 00:16:53.080 and should be dissuaded from leaving if he intends to depart. 00:16:53.080 --> 00:16:56.080 Included among noble character traits 00:16:56.080 --> 00:17:00.080 is assisting the vulnerable and helping them with their worldly needs. 00:17:00.080 --> 00:17:02.080 Among noble character traits 00:17:02.080 --> 00:17:07.079 are maintaining ties of kinship and providing food and shelter for the guest; 00:17:07.079 --> 00:17:12.079 these were praised morals among the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era. 00:17:12.079 --> 00:17:14.140 Among noble character traits 00:17:14.140 --> 00:17:18.140 is helping others in times of crisis and calamity. 00:17:18.140 --> 00:17:22.140 Among the character traits condemned both in the pre-Islamic era and Islam 00:17:22.140 --> 00:17:25.140 are breaching covenants and treachery. 00:17:25.140 --> 00:17:29.269 It contains a demonstration of the virtue of reciting the Book of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, 00:17:29.269 --> 00:17:31.269 conveying it, 00:17:31.269 --> 00:17:34.269 and the permissibility of weeping while reciting. 00:17:34.269 --> 00:17:39.269 It indicates that the Holy Qur'an deeply affects souls possessed of a sound innate disposition; 00:17:39.269 --> 00:17:44.269 this is why the polytheists feared their children hearing the Qur'an. 00:17:44.269 --> 00:17:49.269 It shows that a Muslim is a caller through his conduct before his speech; 00:17:49.269 --> 00:17:53.269 this is what Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) practiced, 00:17:53.269 --> 00:17:56.269 and what the polytheists of Quraysh realized. 00:17:56.269 --> 00:18:00.269 The hadith demonstrates that Muslims are bound by their stipulations. 00:18:00.269 --> 00:18:04.269 It showcases the virtue of companionship and the high status of the Companions. 00:18:04.269 --> 00:18:08.299 It shows that Abu Bakr 00:18:08.299 --> 00:18:12.299 was the confidant of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:18:12.299 --> 00:18:16.339 It guides toward acquiring provisions and preparing for travel, 00:18:16.339 --> 00:18:19.339 and that this does not contradict reliance on Allah. 00:18:19.339 --> 00:18:22.339 It demonstrates the virtue of Medina 00:18:22.339 --> 00:18:25.339 and that emigrating to it was divinely revealed. 00:18:25.339 --> 00:18:29.339 It establishes the permissibility of a man veiling his face when there is a need. 00:18:29.339 --> 00:18:33.339 It shows that it is permissible for a person to meet his companion 00:18:33.339 --> 00:18:36.339 at the time of the midday rest for important matters. 00:18:36.339 --> 00:18:41.369 It emphasizes the obligation of seeking permission to enter during the midday rest. 00:18:41.369 --> 00:18:44.400 It indicates that a person should guard his secret 00:18:44.400 --> 00:18:48.400 and disclose it only to someone he trusts. 00:18:48.400 --> 00:18:52.430 It instructs taking strict precautions in weighty matters 00:18:52.430 --> 00:18:55.430 so that no hindrance obstructs them. 00:18:55.430 --> 00:18:58.559 It shows the necessity of taking measures for safety and security 00:18:58.559 --> 00:19:01.559 in calling people to Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, 00:19:01.559 --> 00:19:05.559 and that doing so does not contradict reliance upon Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 00:19:05.559 --> 00:19:08.619 It encourages hastening to righteous deeds, 00:19:08.619 --> 00:19:12.619 particularly when delay causes harm. 00:19:12.619 --> 00:19:16.660 It shows that leaving a gift unspecified at the time of offering does not invalidate it, 00:19:16.660 --> 00:19:19.660 because gifting belongs to contracts of gratuitous donation, 00:19:20.660 --> 00:19:23.690 unlike contracts of mutual exchange. 00:19:23.690 --> 00:19:27.690 It also shows the permissibility of a wife serving her husband before consummation of marriage. 00:19:27.690 --> 00:19:32.690 It offers guidance on employing a wise and discerning person in important matters. 00:19:32.690 --> 00:19:37.750 It offers guidance on employing specialists within their fields of expertise. 00:19:37.750 --> 00:19:40.750 That is why the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) hired 00:19:40.750 --> 00:19:43.819 a skilled and expert guide. 00:19:43.819 --> 00:19:46.819 It demonstrates the permissibility of hiring a non-Muslim for work they do well, 00:19:46.819 --> 00:19:48.819 as long as it does not involve sin. 00:19:48.819 --> 00:19:51.819 It demonstrates the permissibility of stationing scouts and informants against the enemy 00:19:51.819 --> 00:19:54.819 to discover their intelligence and plots. 00:19:54.819 --> 00:19:58.819 It illustrates the virtue of the *manīḥah* (loaning milk-producing livestock) of sheep. 00:19:58.819 --> 00:20:01.819 It illustrates the high status of women in Islam 00:20:01.819 --> 00:20:04.819 and their participation in momentous historical events. 00:20:04.819 --> 00:20:09.819 The hadith highlights the virtue of the family of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with them), 00:20:09.819 --> 00:20:14.819 as all of them had the honor of taking part in the events of the Hijrah. 00:20:17.960 --> 00:20:21.960 Chapter: Intertwining the fingers in the mosque and elsewhere. 00:20:21.960 --> 00:20:24.470 On the authority of 'Abdullah, who said: 00:20:24.470 --> 00:20:28.470 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:20:28.470 --> 00:20:30.470 "O 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar, 00:20:30.470 --> 00:20:35.470 how will you be when you are left among the dregs of mankind?" 00:20:35.470 --> 00:20:36.470 He said: 00:20:36.470 --> 00:20:41.470 The Prophet (peace be upon him) intertwined his fingers. 00:20:45.140 --> 00:20:46.819 "Among the dregs (*ḥuthālah*)"— 00:20:46.819 --> 00:20:49.819 *Ḥuthālah* refers to the worthless refuse of anything, 00:20:49.819 --> 00:20:53.819 and here it means the corrupt and vile among mankind. 00:20:53.819 --> 00:20:57.170 Points of benefit from the hadith: 00:20:57.170 --> 00:20:59.970 From this hadith, it is deduced that 00:20:59.970 --> 00:21:03.970 it is permissible to use gestures as illustrations to clarify speech. 00:21:03.970 --> 00:21:06.970 The hadith is among the signs of prophethood, 00:21:06.970 --> 00:21:11.970 for it foretells the corruption of people and trusts that would come to pass, 00:21:11.970 --> 00:21:13.970 and the confusion of their covenants. 00:21:13.970 --> 00:21:17.000 The apparent form of the hadith is informative, 00:21:17.000 --> 00:21:21.000 but its intended meaning is the prohibition of such blameworthy traits. 00:21:21.000 --> 00:21:25.240 On the authority of Abu Musa, 00:21:25.240 --> 00:21:29.240 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:21:29.240 --> 00:21:34.240 "A believer to another believer is like a building, each part strengthening the other," 00:21:34.240 --> 00:21:37.240 and he intertwined his fingers. 00:21:37.240 --> 00:21:40.559 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:40.559 --> 00:21:43.980 "Like a building, each part strengthening the other," 00:21:43.980 --> 00:21:46.980 meaning compact and joined together like a single structure. 00:21:47.980 --> 00:21:52.319 Points of benefit from the hadith: 00:21:52.319 --> 00:21:56.420 The apparent form of the hadith is informative, but its meaning is an imperative command. 00:21:56.420 --> 00:21:58.420 It contains an encouragement toward mutual cooperation 00:21:58.420 --> 00:22:04.420 and an urging toward everything that strengthens the structure of Islamic brotherhood, 00:22:04.420 --> 00:22:10.539 and the avoidance of everything that tears down or weakens Islamic brotherhood. 00:22:10.539 --> 00:22:13.539 It shows the permissibility of using tangible analogies 00:22:13.539 --> 00:22:16.539 to clarify abstract concepts, 00:22:16.539 --> 00:22:21.539 and that it is permissible for a scholar, when seeking to be particularly emphatic in explanation, 00:22:21.539 --> 00:22:27.559 to illustrate the meaning of his words through physical gestures. 00:22:27.559 --> 00:22:31.559 On the authority of Ibn Sirin, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: 00:22:31.559 --> 00:22:35.559 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) led us in 00:22:35.559 --> 00:22:37.559 one of the two late afternoon prayers. 00:22:37.559 --> 00:22:39.589 In one narration: 00:22:39.589 --> 00:22:44.589 The Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed two rak'ahs for Zuhr. 00:22:44.589 --> 00:22:46.589 And in another narration: 00:22:46.589 --> 00:22:51.880 The Prophet (peace be upon him) led us in either Zuhr or 'Asr. 00:22:51.880 --> 00:22:53.880 Ibn Sirin said: 00:22:53.880 --> 00:22:55.880 Abu Hurayrah named it, 00:22:55.880 --> 00:22:58.980 but I forgot which one it was. 00:22:58.980 --> 00:22:59.980 He said: 00:22:59.980 --> 00:23:01.980 So he led us in two rak'ahs, 00:23:01.980 --> 00:23:03.980 then said the taslim. 00:23:03.980 --> 00:23:07.980 Then he stood up and went to a wooden beam set across the mosque, 00:23:07.980 --> 00:23:11.980 and leaned against it as if he were angry. 00:23:11.980 --> 00:23:14.980 He placed his right hand over his left, 00:23:14.980 --> 00:23:18.980 and the hasty people rushed out through the doors of the mosque, 00:23:18.980 --> 00:23:19.980 saying, 00:23:19.980 --> 00:23:22.039 "Has the prayer been shortened?" 00:23:22.039 --> 00:23:25.039 Among the people were Abu Bakr and 'Umar, 00:23:25.039 --> 00:23:28.069 but they were too in awe of him to speak to him. 00:23:28.069 --> 00:23:31.099 Among the people was a man with long arms, 00:23:31.099 --> 00:23:34.099 who was called Dhu al-Yadayn. 00:23:34.099 --> 00:23:36.170 He said, 00:23:36.170 --> 00:23:37.170 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:23:37.170 --> 00:23:40.170 have you forgotten?" Abu Hurayrah 00:23:41.170 --> 00:23:42.170 said: 00:23:42.170 --> 00:23:44.170 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:23:44.170 --> 00:23:47.230 have you forgotten, or has the prayer been shortened?" 00:23:47.230 --> 00:23:48.230 He said, 00:23:48.230 --> 00:23:51.329 "I have neither forgotten, nor has it been shortened." 00:23:51.329 --> 00:23:52.329 Then he asked, 00:23:52.329 --> 00:23:55.329 "Is it as Dhu al-Yadayn says?" 00:23:55.329 --> 00:23:57.359 They said, "Yes." 00:23:57.359 --> 00:23:59.359 So he stepped forward 00:23:59.359 --> 00:24:01.359 and prayed what he had omitted, 00:24:01.359 --> 00:24:02.359 then said the taslim. 00:24:02.359 --> 00:24:07.359 Then he said the takbir and prostrated like his regular prostration or longer, 00:24:07.359 --> 00:24:10.359 then raised his head and said the takbir, 00:24:10.359 --> 00:24:15.359 then said the takbir and prostrated like his regular prostration or longer, 00:24:15.359 --> 00:24:18.420 then raised his head and said the takbir. 00:24:18.420 --> 00:24:20.420 They would sometimes ask him: 00:24:20.420 --> 00:24:22.420 "Did he then say the taslim?" 00:24:22.420 --> 00:24:23.420 And he would reply: 00:24:23.420 --> 00:24:27.420 "I was informed that 'Imran Ibn Husayn said: 00:24:27.420 --> 00:24:30.059 'Then he said the taslim.'" 00:24:30.059 --> 00:24:33.700 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:33.700 --> 00:24:35.700 "One of the two late afternoon prayers (*'ashiyy*)" 00:24:35.700 --> 00:24:37.700 means either Zuhr or 'Asr, 00:24:37.700 --> 00:24:42.700 because *'ashiyyah* is used for the period from midday until sunset. 00:24:42.700 --> 00:24:44.829 "To a wooden beam set across (*ma'rūḍah*)" 00:24:44.829 --> 00:24:46.829 means placed horizontally 00:24:46.829 --> 00:24:50.990 or laid down in a corner of the mosque. 00:24:50.990 --> 00:24:51.990 "He leaned (*fattaka'*)" 00:24:51.990 --> 00:24:53.990 means he supported himself against it. 00:24:53.990 --> 00:24:56.019 "And the hasty people (*al-sur'ān*) rushed out" 00:24:56.019 --> 00:25:00.019 refers to those who are the first to rush toward something 00:25:00.019 --> 00:25:03.250 and hurry toward it quickly. 00:25:03.250 --> 00:25:05.250 "They were too in awe to speak to him" 00:25:05.250 --> 00:25:11.250 means Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) stood in awe of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:25:11.250 --> 00:25:14.250 out of deep reverence and veneration. 00:25:14.250 --> 00:25:16.410 "He was called Dhu al-Yadayn": 00:25:16.410 --> 00:25:19.410 his name was al-Khirbaq Ibn 'Amr al-Sulami 00:25:19.410 --> 00:25:21.410 (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:25:21.410 --> 00:25:23.569 "They would sometimes ask him: 00:25:23.569 --> 00:25:24.569 'Did he then say the taslim?'" 00:25:24.569 --> 00:25:26.569 meaning they asked Ibn Sirin: 00:25:26.569 --> 00:25:33.569 "Did the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say the taslim once again after this prostration of forgetfulness, 00:25:33.569 --> 00:25:36.569 or did he suffice with the initial taslim?" 00:25:36.569 --> 00:25:37.730 And he would reply: 00:25:37.730 --> 00:25:39.730 "I was informed," 00:25:39.730 --> 00:25:43.730 meaning, "I was told that 'Imran Ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:25:43.730 --> 00:25:45.730 'Then he said the taslim.'" 00:25:45.730 --> 00:25:52.529 This indicates that he did not hear it directly from 'Imran (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:25:52.529 --> 00:25:56.390 Points of benefit from the hadith: 00:25:56.390 --> 00:25:58.390 From this hadith, it is deduced that 00:25:58.390 --> 00:26:03.390 it illustrates the Companions' intense reverence for the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:26:03.390 --> 00:26:08.390 It highlights the virtue of Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), 00:26:08.390 --> 00:26:10.390 the Companions' deference to them, 00:26:10.390 --> 00:26:13.390 and their recognition of their high status. 00:26:13.390 --> 00:26:17.390 It shows the permissibility of forgetfulness occurring to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:26:17.390 --> 00:26:19.390 in matters of worship 00:26:19.390 --> 00:26:20.390 for the purpose of establishing legislation. 00:26:20.390 --> 00:26:24.420 His saying (peace be upon him), 00:26:24.420 --> 00:26:28.420 "I have neither forgotten, nor has it been shortened," demonstrates the perfection of the religion. 00:26:28.420 --> 00:26:32.549 It shows that clarification must not be delayed beyond the time of need, 00:26:32.549 --> 00:26:34.549 and that the default assumption is the absence of abrogation. 00:26:34.549 --> 00:26:39.579 The hadith proves that the prostration of forgetfulness consists of two prostrations, 00:26:39.579 --> 00:26:42.579 while whether they should be performed before or after the taslim 00:26:42.579 --> 00:26:44.579 is subject to scholarly disagreement. 00:26:44.579 --> 00:26:47.579 It shows that certainty is not overruled by doubt. 00:26:47.579 --> 00:26:52.680 It guides toward adopting precaution in acts of worship, 00:26:52.680 --> 00:26:56.680 and the obligation to verify before issuing a legal ruling or judgment. 00:26:56.680 --> 00:27:02.680 It proves the permissibility for a follower or student to question the imam or scholar 00:27:02.680 --> 00:27:04.680 regarding problematic occurrences. 00:27:04.680 --> 00:27:09.680 It allows mentioning a person's physical trait for the purpose of identification, 00:27:09.680 --> 00:27:13.680 and that this is not considered backbiting or disparagement. 00:27:13.680 --> 00:27:18.680 The hadith indicates that speech during prayer by the followers to their imam, 00:27:18.680 --> 00:27:21.680 if done for the sake of rectifying the prayer, 00:27:21.680 --> 00:27:23.680 does not invalidate the prayer. 00:27:23.680 --> 00:27:28.710 It also provides proof that whoever says out of forgetfulness, "I did not do such-and-such," 00:27:28.710 --> 00:27:30.710 when in fact they had done it, 00:27:30.710 --> 00:27:32.710 is not considered a liar.