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A Summary of the Concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah

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Names and Functions of Certain Angels

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Detailed Belief in the Angels

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Believing in the names and functions of angels as mentioned in the Qur'an and Sunnah

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Among these, first: Gabriel (Jibril), peace be upon him.

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He is the greatest and most virtuous of the angels.

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He is tasked with bringing down the revelation,

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and he is titled "the Trustworthy Spirit" (al-Rūḥ al-Amīn),

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as Allah the Exalted said:

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“Which the True Spirit hath brought down” (26:193)

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“Upon thy heart, that thou mayst be (one) of the warners,” (26:194)

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The name of Gabriel also appears in the words of Allah the Exalted:

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“Who is an enemy to Allah, and His angels and His messengers, and Gabriel and Michael! Then, lo! Allah (Himself) is an enemy to the disbelievers.” (2:98)

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Second:

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The angel tasked with blowing the Trumpet at the arrival of the Hour, Israfil;

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and Michael (Mika'il), who is tasked with rain and vegetation.

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, mentioned them together along with Gabriel

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in the opening supplication of the night prayer,

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where he said:

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"O Allah, Lord of Gabriel, Israfil, and Michael,

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Creator of the heavens and the earth..."

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—to the end of the hadith.

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Narrated by Muslim.

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The Holy Qur'an mentions Michael using the form "Mikal,"

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as seen in the aforementioned verse.

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Third:

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Malik, the keeper of Hellfire.

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Allah the Exalted said:

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"And they will cry out, 'O Malik, let your Lord put an end to us!'"

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His assistants are described as the keepers of Hellfire.

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Allah the Exalted said:

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“And those in the Fire say unto the guards of hell: Entreat your Lord that He relieve us of a day of the torment.” (40:49)

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“And those in the Fire say unto the guards of hell: Entreat your Lord that He relieve us of a day of the torment.” (40:49)

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Fourth:

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The Angel of Death.

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He is commonly known among people by the name Azrael,

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but this comes from Israelite traditions (Isra'iliyyat)

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and is not established in the Qur'an or the Sunnah under this name.

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Rather, he is referred to simply as the Angel of Death.

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Allah the Exalted said:

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“Say: The angel of death, who hath charge concerning you, will gather you, and afterward unto your Lord ye will be returned.” (32:11)

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Fifth:

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Munkar and Nakir.

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They are the two angels tasked with questioning the servant in his grave regarding his Lord, his religion, and his Prophet.

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Sixth:

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The Bearers of the Throne.

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They are eight in number.

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Allah the Exalted said:

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"And the angels will be on its edges..."

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“And the angels will be on the sides thereof, and eight will uphold the Throne of thy Lord that day, above them.” (69:17)

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Seventh:

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The Noble Scribes.

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Every servant has two angels who record and count his deeds against him:

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one on his right and the other on his left.

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Allah the Exalted said:

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“When the two Receivers receive (him), seated on the right hand and on the left,” (50:17)

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“He uttereth no word but there is with him an observer ready.” (50:18)

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And Allah the Exalted said:

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"And indeed, appointed over you are keepers,

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noble scribes,

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who know whatever you do."

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Eighth:

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Guardian angels who protect a person from harm in the life of this world.

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Allah the Exalted said:

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“For him are angels ranged before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah's command. Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change that which is in their hearts; and if Allah willeth misfortune for a folk there is none that can repel it, nor have they a defender beside Him.” (13:11)

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Ninth:

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Among the angels as well are:

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the angel tasked with the mountains;

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the angel tasked with the drop of fluid in the wombs;

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angels who fight alongside the believers and strengthen them by Allah's command;

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the visitors of the Frequented House (al-Bayt al-Ma'mūr);

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and traveling angels who attend gatherings of remembrance (dhikr);

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and so forth.

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A Summary of the Concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah