WEBVTT 00:00:00.020 --> 00:00:03.740 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.740 --> 00:00:13.210 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:13.210 --> 00:00:17.769 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah). 00:00:17.769 --> 00:00:23.120 Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi. 00:00:23.120 --> 00:00:25.120 May Allah preserve him. 00:00:25.120 --> 00:00:30.100 The Pledge of Ridwan. 00:00:30.100 --> 00:00:35.060 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, commanded 00:00:36.060 --> 00:00:38.060 the Companions to take the pledge. 00:00:38.060 --> 00:00:42.060 This pledge became known as the Pledge of Ridwan, 00:00:42.060 --> 00:00:46.060 because Allah, glory be to Him, was pleased with those who took it. 00:00:46.060 --> 00:00:49.060 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was 00:00:49.060 --> 00:00:51.189 sitting under a tree. 00:00:51.189 --> 00:00:54.189 Imam Muslim narrated in his Sahih 00:00:54.189 --> 00:00:58.189 on the authority of Ma'qil Ibn Yasar, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:00:58.189 --> 00:01:01.189 "I saw us on the day of the tree, 00:01:01.189 --> 00:01:04.189 while the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was taking the pledge from the people, 00:01:04.189 --> 00:01:08.189 and I was holding up one of its branches away from his head, 00:01:08.189 --> 00:01:11.189 and we were fourteen hundred in number." 00:01:11.189 --> 00:01:14.219 Imam Muslim also narrated in his Sahih 00:01:14.219 --> 00:01:18.219 on the authority of Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:01:18.219 --> 00:01:21.219 "We were fourteen hundred on the day of Hudaybiyyah, 00:01:21.219 --> 00:01:23.219 and we pledged allegiance to him." 00:01:23.219 --> 00:01:28.219 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was holding his hand under the tree. 00:01:28.219 --> 00:01:31.219 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, pledged 00:01:31.219 --> 00:01:35.219 on behalf of 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:01:35.219 --> 00:01:38.349 Imam al-Bukhari narrated in his Sahih 00:01:38.349 --> 00:01:42.349 on the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:01:42.349 --> 00:01:45.349 "As for his absence from the Pledge of Ridwan, 00:01:45.349 --> 00:01:49.349 had there been anyone in the valley of Makkah more honorable than 'Uthman, 00:01:49.349 --> 00:01:51.349 he would have sent him in his place." 00:01:51.349 --> 00:01:55.349 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent 'Uthman, 00:01:55.349 --> 00:01:57.349 and the Pledge of Ridwan took place 00:01:57.349 --> 00:02:00.349 after 'Uthman had gone to Makkah. 00:02:00.349 --> 00:02:05.349 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said with his right hand, 00:02:05.349 --> 00:02:07.349 "This is the hand of 'Uthman," 00:02:07.349 --> 00:02:10.349 and he struck his own hand with it, 00:02:10.349 --> 00:02:13.349 saying, "This is for 'Uthman." 00:02:13.349 --> 00:02:18.580 Imam al-Tirmidhi narrated in his Jami' with a hasan chain 00:02:18.580 --> 00:02:21.580 on the authority of Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:02:21.580 --> 00:02:25.580 "When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, commanded 00:02:25.580 --> 00:02:27.580 the Pledge of Ridwan, 00:02:27.580 --> 00:02:35.580 'Uthman Ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, was the messenger of the Messenger of Allah to the people of Makkah." 00:02:35.580 --> 00:02:38.580 He said: "The people pledged allegiance, 00:02:38.580 --> 00:02:42.580 and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said, 00:02:42.580 --> 00:02:46.580 'Indeed, 'Uthman is occupied with the affair of Allah and the affair of His Messenger.' 00:02:46.580 --> 00:02:49.580 He then struck one of his hands upon the other, 00:02:49.580 --> 00:02:54.580 so the hand of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was for 'Uthman 00:02:54.580 --> 00:02:57.580 better than their own hands were for themselves." 00:02:57.580 --> 00:03:00.669 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 00:03:00.669 --> 00:03:05.669 "This was more honorable than his personal attendance at that pledge." 00:03:05.669 --> 00:03:08.669 Allah, glory be to Him, revealed regarding this: 00:03:08.669 --> 00:03:14.669 “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down peace of reassurance on them, and hath rewarded them with a near victory;” (48:18) 00:03:14.669 --> 00:03:19.620 The virtue of those who took the Pledge of Ridwan. 00:03:19.620 --> 00:03:24.039 The greatest thing mentioned regarding the virtue of those who took the Pledge of Ridwan 00:03:24.039 --> 00:03:26.039 is the saying of the Almighty: 00:03:26.039 --> 00:03:31.039 “Allah was well pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance unto thee beneath the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down peace of reassurance on them, and hath rewarded them with a near victory;” (48:18) 00:03:31.039 --> 00:03:34.259 The two Sheikhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) narrated in their Sahihs 00:03:34.259 --> 00:03:38.259 on the authority of Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:03:38.259 --> 00:03:44.259 "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to us on the day of Hudaybiyyah, 00:03:44.259 --> 00:03:46.259 'You are the best of the people of the earth,' 00:03:46.259 --> 00:03:49.259 and we were fourteen hundred." 00:03:49.259 --> 00:03:51.419 Al-Hafiz said in al-Fath: 00:03:51.419 --> 00:03:55.419 "This is explicit regarding the virtue of the Companions of the tree." 00:03:55.419 --> 00:03:58.419 For there were other Muslims at that time 00:03:58.419 --> 00:04:02.419 in groups in Makkah, Madinah, and elsewhere. 00:04:02.419 --> 00:04:07.460 Imam Ahmad narrated in his Musnad, as did al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud, 00:04:07.460 --> 00:04:11.460 on the authority of Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:04:11.460 --> 00:04:15.460 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:04:15.460 --> 00:04:20.459 "No one who pledged under the tree shall enter the Fire." 00:04:20.459 --> 00:04:25.660 The capture of a number of polytheists. 00:04:25.660 --> 00:04:29.209 When the Quraysh learned of the pledge, 00:04:29.209 --> 00:04:33.209 they sent a detachment at night to the Muslim camp, 00:04:33.209 --> 00:04:36.209 and they were all taken captive. 00:04:36.209 --> 00:04:39.300 Imam Muslim narrated in his Sahih, 00:04:39.300 --> 00:04:41.300 and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad, 00:04:41.300 --> 00:04:43.300 with the wording belonging to Ahmad, 00:04:43.300 --> 00:04:47.300 on the authority of Anas Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:04:47.300 --> 00:04:50.300 "When it was the day of Hudaybiyyah, 00:04:50.300 --> 00:04:54.300 there descended upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and his Companions 00:04:54.300 --> 00:04:58.300 eighty men from the people of Makkah, armed, 00:04:58.300 --> 00:05:00.300 from the direction of Mount Tan'im. 00:05:00.300 --> 00:05:03.300 He prayed against them, and they were seized." 00:05:03.300 --> 00:05:05.300 And this verse was revealed: 00:05:05.300 --> 00:05:11.300 “And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24) 00:05:11.300 --> 00:05:13.300 "in the valley of Makkah." 00:05:13.300 --> 00:05:18.300 "in the valley of Makkah after He had given you victory over them." 00:05:18.300 --> 00:05:23.300 "And Allah is ever All-Seeing of what you do." 00:05:24.300 --> 00:05:29.339 In another narration in the Musnad and the Mustadrak with a sahih chain, 00:05:29.339 --> 00:05:34.339 on the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Mughaffal al-Muzani, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:05:34.339 --> 00:05:36.339 "While we were in that state, 00:05:36.339 --> 00:05:40.339 thirty young men emerged upon us, armed, 00:05:40.339 --> 00:05:42.339 and they charged at us. 00:05:42.339 --> 00:05:46.339 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prayed against them, 00:05:46.339 --> 00:05:49.339 and Allah took away their sight, 00:05:49.339 --> 00:05:52.339 so we rose to them and captured them." 00:05:52.339 --> 00:05:56.339 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to them: 00:05:56.339 --> 00:05:58.339 "Did you come under the covenant of anyone, 00:05:58.339 --> 00:06:02.339 or did anyone grant you safety?" 00:06:02.339 --> 00:06:05.339 They said, "By Allah, no." 00:06:05.339 --> 00:06:07.339 So he let them go. 00:06:07.339 --> 00:06:09.339 And Allah, the Almighty, revealed: 00:06:09.339 --> 00:06:15.339 “And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24) 00:06:15.339 --> 00:06:17.339 "in the valley of Makkah." 00:06:17.339 --> 00:06:23.339 "in the valley of Makkah after He had given you victory over them." 00:06:23.339 --> 00:06:30.540 "And Allah is ever All-Seeing of what you do." 00:06:30.540 --> 00:06:34.149 When did their capture occur? 00:06:34.149 --> 00:06:39.149 I say: It appears that this incident occurred after the peace treaty was concluded, 00:06:39.149 --> 00:06:41.149 or shortly before it. 00:06:41.149 --> 00:06:45.180 Imam Muslim narrated in his Sahih 00:06:45.180 --> 00:06:49.180 on the authority of Salamah Ibn al-Akwa', may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:06:49.180 --> 00:06:52.180 "The polytheists sought peace, 00:06:52.180 --> 00:06:54.180 until we walked among one another, 00:06:54.180 --> 00:06:56.180 and we made peace. 00:06:56.180 --> 00:06:59.180 I was a follower of Talhah Ibn 'Ubaydullah, 00:06:59.180 --> 00:07:02.180 watering his horse, grooming it, and serving him, 00:07:02.180 --> 00:07:04.180 and eating from his food. 00:07:04.180 --> 00:07:11.180 I had left my family and wealth, migrating to Allah and His Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:07:11.180 --> 00:07:14.180 When we and the people of Makkah made peace, 00:07:14.180 --> 00:07:16.180 and we mingled with one another, 00:07:16.180 --> 00:07:19.180 I came to a tree, cleared its thorns, 00:07:19.180 --> 00:07:22.180 and lay down at its base. 00:07:22.180 --> 00:07:26.180 Four of the polytheists from the people of Makkah came to me, 00:07:26.180 --> 00:07:30.180 and they began to speak ill of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:07:30.180 --> 00:07:32.180 so I hated them, 00:07:32.180 --> 00:07:35.180 and I moved to another tree. 00:07:35.180 --> 00:07:38.180 They hung up their weapons and lay down. 00:07:38.180 --> 00:07:40.180 While they were in that state, 00:07:40.180 --> 00:07:43.180 a caller called out from the bottom of the valley: 00:07:43.180 --> 00:07:45.180 'O Emigrants! 00:07:45.180 --> 00:07:47.180 Ibn Zunaym has been killed!' 00:07:47.180 --> 00:07:48.180 He said: 00:07:48.180 --> 00:07:50.180 'I drew my sword, 00:07:50.180 --> 00:07:54.180 then I charged at those four while they were asleep, 00:07:54.180 --> 00:07:56.180 and I seized their weapons, 00:07:56.180 --> 00:07:58.180 gathering them in my hand. 00:07:58.180 --> 00:08:00.180 Then I said: 00:08:00.180 --> 00:08:02.180 By the One who honored the face of Muhammad, 00:08:02.180 --> 00:08:05.180 no one among you shall raise his head, 00:08:05.180 --> 00:08:08.180 or I will strike the one who has eyes in his head!' 00:08:08.180 --> 00:08:12.220 Then I brought them, driving them to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:08:13.220 --> 00:08:15.310 He said: 00:08:15.310 --> 00:08:17.310 "And my uncle 'Amir came 00:08:17.310 --> 00:08:19.310 with a man from the 'Abalat tribe, 00:08:19.310 --> 00:08:21.310 called Mikraz, 00:08:21.310 --> 00:08:25.310 leading him to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:08:25.310 --> 00:08:27.310 on a caparisoned horse, 00:08:27.310 --> 00:08:30.310 among seventy of the polytheists. 00:08:30.310 --> 00:08:34.340 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, looked at them 00:08:34.340 --> 00:08:35.340 and said: 00:08:35.340 --> 00:08:37.340 'Let them go, 00:08:37.340 --> 00:08:40.340 for they shall be the ones to begin the treachery and the ones to follow it up.' 00:08:40.340 --> 00:08:44.340 So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, pardoned them." 00:08:44.340 --> 00:08:46.340 And Allah revealed: 00:09:04.340 --> 00:09:07.500 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said in his Tafsir of the verse: 00:09:07.500 --> 00:09:11.500 "This is a favor from Allah upon His believing servants, 00:09:11.500 --> 00:09:14.500 when He withheld the hands of the polytheists from them, 00:09:14.500 --> 00:09:17.500 so that no harm reached them from them, 00:09:17.500 --> 00:09:20.500 and He withheld the hands of the believers from the polytheists, 00:09:20.500 --> 00:09:23.500 so they did not fight them near the Sacred Mosque. 00:09:23.500 --> 00:09:26.500 Rather, He protected both parties, 00:09:26.500 --> 00:09:30.500 and established between them a peace that contained goodness for the believers, 00:09:30.500 --> 00:09:34.500 and a favorable outcome for them in this world and the Hereafter." 00:09:34.500 --> 00:09:37.500 A Concise Summary 00:09:37.500 --> 00:09:39.500 of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).