WEBVTT 00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:09.119 Summary of the Doctrines of Ahl al-Sunnah 00:00:09.119 --> 00:00:14.339 What is meant by belief in the Last Day 00:00:14.339 --> 00:00:21.339 is believing in the arrival of a Day wherein man will be held accountable for his deeds during his worldly life, 00:00:21.339 --> 00:00:25.339 and subsequently recompensed for them with admission into either Paradise or the Fire. 00:00:25.339 --> 00:00:28.339 It is part of belief in the unseen (ghayb), 00:00:28.339 --> 00:00:33.340 and discourse concerning it encompasses everything that befalls a person from the moment of death 00:00:33.340 --> 00:00:38.340 until entering Paradise or Hellfire, dwelling eternally in either of them. 00:00:38.340 --> 00:00:45.340 The divine decree may necessitate that some people be purified of their sins by entering the Fire first, 00:00:45.340 --> 00:00:48.340 and then brought out of it into the Paradise of eternity. 00:00:48.340 --> 00:00:51.340 This applies at the level of each individual. 00:00:51.340 --> 00:00:55.340 As for the level of worldly life and its termination, 00:00:55.340 --> 00:00:57.340 and the onset of the Day of Resurrection, 00:00:57.340 --> 00:01:03.340 it also encompasses discourse regarding the minor and major signs of the Hour. 00:01:03.340 --> 00:01:10.200 The Names of the Last Day in the Noble Qur'an and Their Meanings 00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:16.480 The Last Day has been called by numerous names in the Noble Qur'an, 00:01:16.480 --> 00:01:19.480 and described with many attributes, 00:01:19.480 --> 00:01:24.480 amounting to approximately twenty-three names and descriptions. 00:01:24.480 --> 00:01:28.510 The multitude of names and descriptions for this Day exists only 00:01:28.510 --> 00:01:30.510 due to the magnitude of its affair, 00:01:30.510 --> 00:01:36.510 as is customary among the Arabs to employ numerous designations for anything they hold in high esteem or awe, 00:01:36.510 --> 00:01:38.510 such as the sword and the lion. 00:01:38.510 --> 00:01:42.510 Thus, because the affair of the Last Day is immense and its terrors are manifold, 00:01:42.510 --> 00:01:48.510 the Qur'an designated it by numerous names and described it with many attributes. 00:01:48.510 --> 00:01:55.510 Among these, the first and second are: "the Last Day" (al-Yawm al-Akhir) and "the Hereafter" (al-Akhirah). 00:01:55.510 --> 00:01:59.540 The expression "the Last Day" appears twenty-six times, 00:01:59.540 --> 00:02:03.540 while the word "the Hereafter" appears two hundred and ten times. 00:02:03.540 --> 00:02:05.540 Both carry the same meaning: 00:02:05.540 --> 00:02:09.539 it is called "the Last Day" because there is no day after it, 00:02:09.539 --> 00:02:13.539 and "the Hereafter" because there is nothing beyond it. 00:02:13.539 --> 00:02:17.539 It is the final station through which human beings journey: 00:02:17.539 --> 00:02:20.539 from nonexistence into their mother's womb, 00:02:20.539 --> 00:02:22.539 then exiting into the life of this world, 00:02:22.539 --> 00:02:24.539 then the life of the Barzakh (intermediate realm), 00:02:24.539 --> 00:02:28.539 and finally to this Hereafter, wherein they shall abide eternally, 00:02:28.539 --> 00:02:31.539 either in Paradise or in the Fire. 00:02:31.539 --> 00:02:33.580 Among these verses is 00:02:33.580 --> 00:02:35.580 the saying of Allah Almighty: 00:02:35.580 --> 00:02:39.580 "And of the people are some who say, 'We believe in Allah and the Last Day,' but they are not believers." 00:02:39.580 --> 00:02:43.580 “And of mankind are some who say: We believe in Allah and the Last Day, when they believe not.” (2:8) 00:02:43.580 --> 00:02:45.580 And His saying: 00:02:45.580 --> 00:02:49.580 “And who believe in that which is revealed unto thee (Muhammad) and that which was revealed before thee, and are certain of the Hereafter.” (2:4) 00:02:49.580 --> 00:02:52.580 "and what was revealed before you, 00:02:52.580 --> 00:02:55.740 and of the Hereafter they are certain [in faith]." 00:02:55.740 --> 00:02:57.740 The third and fourth are: 00:02:57.740 --> 00:03:00.740 "the Day of Recompense" (Yawm al-Din) and "the Day of Account" (Yawm al-Hisab). 00:03:00.740 --> 00:03:02.740 Both convey the same meaning, 00:03:02.740 --> 00:03:05.740 as "al-Din" signifies recompense and reckoning. 00:03:05.740 --> 00:03:10.740 The phrase "the Day of Recompense" occurs thirteen times, 00:03:10.740 --> 00:03:14.740 and the phrase "the Day of Account" occurs four times. 00:03:14.740 --> 00:03:16.740 This Day was given this name 00:03:16.740 --> 00:03:23.800 because a person is brought to account therein for worldly deeds and recompensed for them. 00:03:23.800 --> 00:03:25.800 Allah Almighty said: 00:03:25.800 --> 00:03:27.800 "Sovereign of the Day of Recompense." 00:03:27.800 --> 00:03:29.800 And He said: 00:03:29.800 --> 00:03:33.960 “This it is that ye are promised for the Day of Reckoning.” (38:53) 00:03:33.960 --> 00:03:36.960 "This is what you are promised for the Day of Account." 00:03:36.960 --> 00:03:40.960 The fifth is: "the Day of Resurrection" (Yawm al-Qiyamah). 00:03:40.960 --> 00:03:42.960 It is mentioned in the Noble Qur'an seventy times, 00:03:42.960 --> 00:03:45.960 “Nay, I swear by the Day of Resurrection;” (75:1) 00:03:45.960 --> 00:03:48.960 "I swear by the Day of Resurrection." 00:03:48.960 --> 00:03:50.960 A whole Surah has been named with this title. 00:03:50.960 --> 00:03:55.960 The Day was so called 00:03:55.960 --> 00:03:57.960 because people will stand on it before the Lord of the worlds for their reckoning, 00:03:57.960 --> 00:04:01.960 “The day when (all) mankind stand before the Lord of the Worlds?” (83:6) 00:04:01.960 --> 00:04:05.180 "The Day when mankind will stand before the Lord of the worlds." 00:04:05.180 --> 00:04:09.180 The sixth is: "the Hour" (al-Sa'ah). 00:04:09.180 --> 00:04:12.180 It occurs in the Noble Qur'an thirty-five times, 00:04:12.180 --> 00:04:17.180 “And unto Allah belongeth the Unseen of the heavens and the earth, and the matter of the Hour (of Doom) is but as a twinkling of the eye, or it is nearer still. Lo! Allah is Able to do all things.” (16:77) 00:04:17.180 --> 00:04:21.180 "Indeed, Allah is over all things competent." 00:04:21.180 --> 00:04:24.180 In language, "al-sa'ah" refers to the present moment. 00:04:24.180 --> 00:04:27.180 It was named as such due to the imminence of its arrival, 00:04:27.180 --> 00:04:29.180 as though it were already present, 00:04:29.180 --> 00:04:31.180 and because it arrives suddenly, 00:04:31.180 --> 00:04:33.180 as Allah Almighty said: 00:04:33.180 --> 00:04:38.180 "They ask you about the Hour: when is its arrival?" 00:04:38.180 --> 00:04:42.180 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:04:42.180 --> 00:04:46.180 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:04:46.180 --> 00:04:49.180 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:04:49.180 --> 00:04:52.180 “They ask thee of the (destined) Hour, when will it come to port. Say: Knowledge thereof is with my Lord only. He alone will manifest it at its proper time. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It cometh not to you save unawares. They question thee as if thou couldst be well informed thereof. Say: Knowledge thereof is with Allah only, but most of mankind know not.” (7:187) 00:04:52.180 --> 00:04:54.470 The seventh is: 00:04:54.470 --> 00:04:56.470 "the Imminent" (al-Azifah). 00:04:56.470 --> 00:04:58.470 Allah Almighty said: 00:04:58.470 --> 00:05:00.470 "The Imminent has drawn near." 00:05:00.470 --> 00:05:04.470 Its connotation is close to that of "the Hour", 00:05:04.470 --> 00:05:07.470 for "azifat" means drew close and approached. 00:05:07.470 --> 00:05:11.470 It has also been mentioned in construct with the word "Day" (yawm); 00:05:11.470 --> 00:05:13.470 Allah Almighty said: 00:05:13.470 --> 00:05:15.470 "And warn them of the Approaching Day." 00:05:15.470 --> 00:05:19.470 “Warn them (O Muhammad) of the Day of the approaching (doom), when the hearts will be choking the throats, (when) there will be no friend for the wrong-doers, nor any intercessor who will be heard.” (40:18) 00:05:19.759 --> 00:05:21.759 The eighth is: 00:05:21.759 --> 00:05:22.759 "the Inevitable Event" (al-Waqi'ah). 00:05:22.759 --> 00:05:24.790 Allah Almighty said: 00:05:24.790 --> 00:05:27.790 "When the Inevitable Event occurs." 00:05:27.790 --> 00:05:29.790 And He said: 00:05:29.790 --> 00:05:32.790 "Then on that Day, the Event will occur." 00:05:32.790 --> 00:05:36.790 It was named as such because its occurrence is an absolute certainty. 00:05:36.790 --> 00:05:38.949 The ninth is: 00:05:38.949 --> 00:05:41.019 "the Inevitable Reality" (al-Haqqah). 00:05:41.019 --> 00:05:43.019 Allah Almighty said: 00:05:43.019 --> 00:05:45.019 "The Inevitable Reality!" 00:05:45.019 --> 00:05:48.019 "What is the Inevitable Reality?" 00:05:48.019 --> 00:05:52.139 "And what can make you know what is the Inevitable Reality?" 00:05:52.139 --> 00:05:58.370 It was named as such because everything that the deniers rejected will be actualized and realized therein. 00:05:58.370 --> 00:06:00.370 The tenth is: 00:06:00.370 --> 00:06:02.370 "the Greatest Catastrophe" (al-Tammat al-Kubra). 00:06:02.370 --> 00:06:04.370 Allah Almighty said: 00:06:04.370 --> 00:06:09.370 “But when the great disaster cometh,” (79:34) 00:06:09.370 --> 00:06:11.370 "So when there comes the Greatest Catastrophe." 00:06:11.370 --> 00:06:14.370 It is said: 00:06:14.370 --> 00:06:20.370 An affair "tamma" when it surges, overwhelms, and overcomes; 00:06:20.370 --> 00:06:22.750 thus the Resurrection was named so because it overwhelms every terrifying event. 00:06:22.750 --> 00:06:24.879 The eleventh is: 00:06:24.879 --> 00:06:26.879 "the Deafening Blast" (al-Sakhkhah). 00:06:26.879 --> 00:06:30.879 Allah Almighty said: 00:06:30.879 --> 00:06:33.879 "But when there comes the Deafening Blast." 00:06:33.879 --> 00:06:36.879 That is, the mighty shout of the Resurrection. 00:06:36.879 --> 00:06:41.879 It was named so because it pierces the ears, 00:06:41.879 --> 00:06:44.230 deafening them almost completely by its overwhelming intensity. 00:06:44.230 --> 00:06:46.300 The twelfth is: 00:06:46.300 --> 00:06:48.300 "the Overwhelming Event" (al-Ghashiyah). 00:06:48.300 --> 00:06:51.360 “Hath there come unto thee tidings of the Overwhelming?” (88:1) 00:06:51.360 --> 00:06:57.519 "Has there reached you the report of the Overwhelming Event?" 00:06:57.519 --> 00:06:59.519 It was called so because it overwhelms mankind with its terrors and engulfs them in grief. 00:06:59.519 --> 00:07:05.519 Among its connotations is 00:07:05.519 --> 00:07:07.519 the Fire engulfing the disbelievers and surrounding them from above and beneath their feet. 00:07:07.519 --> 00:07:16.519 “On the day when the doom will overwhelm them from above them and from underneath their feet, and He will say: Taste what ye used to do!” (29:55) 00:07:16.519 --> 00:07:18.519 Allah Almighty said: 00:07:18.519 --> 00:07:24.839 “Theirs will be a bed of hell, and over them coverings (of hell). Thus do We requite wrong-doers.” (7:41) 00:07:24.839 --> 00:07:26.839 "They will have canopies of fire above them and below them, canopies." 00:07:26.839 --> 00:07:27.839 The thirteenth is: 00:07:27.839 --> 00:07:29.839 "the Striking Calamity" (al-Qari'ah). 00:07:29.839 --> 00:07:30.839 Allah Almighty said: 00:07:30.839 --> 00:07:32.839 "The Striking Calamity!" 00:07:32.839 --> 00:07:34.839 “Ah, what will convey unto thee what the Calamity is!” (101:3) 00:07:34.839 --> 00:07:36.970 And He said: 00:07:36.970 --> 00:07:40.970 “(The tribes of) Thamud and A'ad disbelieved in the judgment to come.” (69:4) 00:07:40.970 --> 00:07:45.970 "And what can make you know what is the Striking Calamity?" 00:07:45.970 --> 00:07:46.970 It is called so because it strikes the hearts with its terrors. 00:07:46.970 --> 00:07:49.970 It is said in Arabic: 00:07:49.970 --> 00:07:52.970 "The calamities of time struck them," 00:07:52.970 --> 00:07:58.060 meaning its terrors and tribulations. 00:07:58.060 --> 00:08:00.129 The following names are all mentioned in construct with the word "Day" (yawm): 00:08:00.129 --> 00:08:02.129 The fourteenth is: 00:08:02.129 --> 00:08:04.129 "the Day of Regret" (Yawm al-Hasrah). 00:08:04.129 --> 00:08:11.129 “And warn them of the Day of anguish when the case hath been decided. Now they are in a state of carelessness, and they believe not.” (19:39) 00:08:11.129 --> 00:08:15.129 "And warn them of the Day of Regret, when the matter will be concluded." 00:08:15.129 --> 00:08:20.129 It is called so due to the sheer intensity of remorse the servants will experience therein, 00:08:20.129 --> 00:08:22.129 whether the regret of the disbelievers over failing to believe in it, 00:08:22.129 --> 00:08:25.129 as shown in the preceding verse, 00:08:25.129 --> 00:08:34.129 and in His saying: 00:08:34.129 --> 00:08:36.129 "Lest a soul should say, 'Oh, how I regret what I neglected regarding Allah and that I was among the mockers,'" 00:08:36.129 --> 00:08:43.129 and other such verses; 00:08:43.129 --> 00:08:45.450 or even the believers regretting that they did not increase in righteous deeds and piety. 00:08:45.450 --> 00:08:47.450 The fifteenth is: 00:08:47.450 --> 00:08:49.450 "the Day of Resurrection" (Yawm al-Ba'th). 00:08:49.450 --> 00:08:56.450 “But those to whom knowledge and faith are given will say: The truth is, ye have tarried, by Allah's decree, until the Day of Resurrection. This is the Day of Resurrection, but ye used not to know.” (30:56) 00:08:56.450 --> 00:09:02.450 “But those to whom knowledge and faith are given will say: The truth is, ye have tarried, by Allah's decree, until the Day of Resurrection. This is the Day of Resurrection, but ye used not to know.” (30:56) 00:09:02.450 --> 00:09:08.450 "This is the Day of Resurrection, but you did not know." 00:09:08.450 --> 00:09:10.539 Resurrection (al-Ba'th) refers to Allah bringing the dead back to life and raising them for accountability. 00:09:10.539 --> 00:09:12.539 The sixteenth is: 00:09:12.539 --> 00:09:14.539 "the Day of Judgment" (Yawm al-Fasl). 00:09:14.539 --> 00:09:18.539 “Lo! the Day of Decision is a fixed time,” (78:17) 00:09:18.539 --> 00:09:20.539 "This is the Day of Judgment, in which you used to deny." 00:09:20.539 --> 00:09:25.539 “This is the Day of Separation, which ye used to deny.” (37:21) 00:09:25.539 --> 00:09:31.539 "This is the Day of Judgment; We have gathered you and the former peoples." 00:09:31.539 --> 00:09:33.539 It was named so because Allah, Mighty and Majestic, will judge between the servants therein. 00:09:33.539 --> 00:09:41.539 “Lo! thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they used to differ.” (32:25) 00:09:41.539 --> 00:09:43.639 "Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection." 00:09:43.639 --> 00:09:45.639 The seventeenth is: 00:09:45.639 --> 00:09:47.639 "the Day of the Meeting" (Yawm al-Talaq). 00:09:47.639 --> 00:09:55.639 “The Exalter of Ranks, the Lord of the Throne. He causeth the Spirit of His command upon whom He will of His slaves, that He may warn of the Day of Meeting,” (40:15) 00:09:55.639 --> 00:09:59.639 "to warn of the Day of the Meeting." 00:09:59.639 --> 00:10:01.639 Namely, the Day on which all servants shall meet: 00:10:01.639 --> 00:10:04.639 the oppressor will meet the oppressed, 00:10:04.639 --> 00:10:09.639 the inhabitants of the earth will meet the inhabitants of heaven, 00:10:09.639 --> 00:10:14.639 and indeed, the weak creature will meet the Compelling Creator; 00:10:14.639 --> 00:10:17.059 every worker will meet their deed, whether good or evil. 00:10:17.059 --> 00:10:19.059 The eighteenth is: 00:10:19.059 --> 00:10:21.179 "the Day of Gathering" (Yawm al-Jam'). 00:10:21.179 --> 00:10:29.179 “And thus We have inspired in thee a Lecture in Arabic, that thou mayst warn the mother-town and those around it, and mayst warn of a day of assembling whereof there is no doubt. A host will be in the Garden, and a host of them in the Flame.” (42:7) 00:10:29.179 --> 00:10:33.179 “And thus We have inspired in thee a Lecture in Arabic, that thou mayst warn the mother-town and those around it, and mayst warn of a day of assembling whereof there is no doubt. A host will be in the Garden, and a host of them in the Flame.” (42:7) 00:10:33.179 --> 00:10:38.179 “And thus We have inspired in thee a Lecture in Arabic, that thou mayst warn the mother-town and those around it, and mayst warn of a day of assembling whereof there is no doubt. A host will be in the Garden, and a host of them in the Flame.” (42:7) 00:10:38.179 --> 00:10:40.340 "and warn of the Day of Gathering, of which there is no doubt." 00:10:40.340 --> 00:10:45.340 “The day when He shall gather you unto the Day of Assembling, that will be a day of mutual disillusion. And whoso believeth in Allah and doeth right, He will remit from him his evil deeds and will bring him unto Gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein to abide for ever. That is the supreme triumph.” (64:9) 00:10:45.340 --> 00:10:49.340 "The Day He will gather you for the Day of Gathering - that is the Day of Deprivation." 00:10:49.340 --> 00:10:51.340 It is the Day on which all people will be gathered together, 00:10:51.340 --> 00:10:56.340 “Lo! herein verily there is a portent for those who fear the doom of the Hereafter. That is a day unto which mankind will be gathered, and that is a day that will be witnessed.” (11:103) 00:10:56.340 --> 00:11:03.340 “Lo! herein verily there is a portent for those who fear the doom of the Hereafter. That is a day unto which mankind will be gathered, and that is a day that will be witnessed.” (11:103) 00:11:03.340 --> 00:11:05.470 "Say, 'Indeed, the former and later peoples will surely be gathered for the appointment of a known Day.'" 00:11:05.470 --> 00:11:07.470 The nineteenth is: 00:11:07.470 --> 00:11:09.470 "the Day of Calling" (Yawm al-Tanad). 00:11:09.470 --> 00:11:14.470 “And, O my people! Lo! I fear for you a Day of Summoning,” (40:32) 00:11:14.470 --> 00:11:19.470 "Indeed, I fear for you the Day of Calling." 00:11:19.470 --> 00:11:23.470 It was called so due to the frequent calls and cries that will occur therein: 00:11:23.470 --> 00:11:27.470 every person will be called by name for the reckoning, 00:11:27.470 --> 00:11:31.470 the companions of Paradise will call out to the companions of the Fire, 00:11:31.470 --> 00:11:35.470 the companions of the Fire will likewise call out to the companions of Paradise, 00:11:35.470 --> 00:11:37.659 and the companions of the Elevations (al-A'raf) will call out to both. 00:11:37.659 --> 00:11:39.659 The twentieth is: 00:11:39.659 --> 00:11:41.659 "the Day of the Warning" (Yawm al-Wa'id). 00:11:41.659 --> 00:11:43.659 Allah Almighty said: 00:11:43.659 --> 00:11:45.659 "And the Horn will be blown. 00:11:45.659 --> 00:11:50.659 That is the Day of the Warning." 00:11:50.659 --> 00:11:54.659 It is the Day with which Allah warned the disbelievers and hypocrites, 00:11:54.659 --> 00:11:59.659 threatening them with torment and eternal dwelling in the Fire, 00:11:59.659 --> 00:12:01.659 and warned every oppressor and sinner of accountability for their oppression and disobedience. 00:12:01.659 --> 00:12:05.659 The reality of a warning (al-wa'id) 00:12:05.659 --> 00:12:07.980 is the announcement of punishment for transgression. 00:12:07.980 --> 00:12:09.980 The twenty-first is: 00:12:09.980 --> 00:12:11.980 "the Day of Eternity" (Yawm al-Khulud). 00:12:12.980 --> 00:12:14.980 Allah Almighty said: 00:12:14.980 --> 00:12:17.980 "Enter it in peace. 00:12:17.980 --> 00:12:21.080 That is the Day of Eternity." 00:12:21.080 --> 00:12:23.080 For people will dwell eternally therein without death. 00:12:23.080 --> 00:12:26.080 In the hadith: 00:12:26.080 --> 00:12:28.080 "Death will be brought forward in the form of a black-and-white ram, 00:12:28.080 --> 00:12:29.080 and it will be slaughtered. 00:12:29.080 --> 00:12:33.080 Then it will be said: 00:12:33.080 --> 00:12:37.080 'O people of Paradise, eternity and no death! 00:12:37.080 --> 00:12:39.080 And O people of the Fire, eternity and no death!'" 00:12:39.080 --> 00:12:41.299 (Agreed upon). 00:12:41.299 --> 00:12:43.299 The twenty-second is: 00:12:43.299 --> 00:12:45.299 "the Day of Emerging" (Yawm al-Khuruj). 00:12:45.299 --> 00:12:49.299 “The day when they will hear the (Awful) Cry in truth. That is the day of coming forth (from the graves).” (50:42) 00:12:49.299 --> 00:12:51.299 "The Day they will hear the blast in truth - that is the Day of Emerging." 00:12:51.299 --> 00:12:57.299 It is the Day on which people emerge from their graves upon hearing the mighty blast, 00:12:57.299 --> 00:13:00.299 which is the second blowing of the Horn, 00:13:00.299 --> 00:13:03.299 emerging for judgment and recompense, 00:13:03.299 --> 00:13:05.299 as Allah Almighty said: 00:13:05.299 --> 00:13:13.559 “The day when they come forth from the graves in haste, as racing to a goal,” (70:43) 00:13:13.559 --> 00:13:15.559 "The Day they will come out from the graves rapidly as if they were racing to an erect idol." 00:13:15.559 --> 00:13:17.559 The Day of Mutual Deprivation (Yawm al-Taghabun). 00:13:17.559 --> 00:13:19.590 Allah Almighty said: 00:13:19.590 --> 00:13:22.590 “The day when He shall gather you unto the Day of Assembling, that will be a day of mutual disillusion. And whoso believeth in Allah and doeth right, He will remit from him his evil deeds and will bring him unto Gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein to abide for ever. That is the supreme triumph.” (64:9) 00:13:22.590 --> 00:13:25.590 "That is the Day of Mutual Deprivation." 00:13:25.590 --> 00:13:29.620 For it is a day wherein there is both the gainer and the loser, 00:13:29.620 --> 00:13:31.620 meaning the victorious and the ruined. 00:13:31.620 --> 00:13:36.620 The believers gain by being drawn away from the Fire and admitted into Paradise, 00:13:36.620 --> 00:13:40.620 while the disbelievers lose by entering the Fire. 00:13:40.620 --> 00:13:45.230 The Last Day and the Great Tiding. 00:13:45.230 --> 00:13:51.379 The term "the Great Tiding" (an-Naba' al-'Azim) appears twice in the Holy Qur'an: 00:13:51.379 --> 00:13:57.379 once with the definite article, and once without it. 00:13:57.379 --> 00:13:59.419 Allah Almighty said: 00:13:59.419 --> 00:14:02.419 "About what are they asking one another?" 00:14:02.419 --> 00:14:04.419 "About the great tiding." 00:14:04.419 --> 00:14:06.419 And He Almighty said: 00:14:06.419 --> 00:14:09.419 “Say: It is tremendous tidings” (38:67) 00:14:09.419 --> 00:14:11.419 "From which you turn away." 00:14:11.419 --> 00:14:16.419 A tiding (naba') is truthful news that conveys definitive knowledge, 00:14:16.419 --> 00:14:18.419 possessing immense benefit. 00:14:18.419 --> 00:14:23.639 It has been reported from the salaf (early generations) that the Great Tiding refers to the Day of Resurrection, 00:14:23.639 --> 00:14:26.639 and it has also been reported that it refers to the Holy Qur'an. 00:14:26.639 --> 00:14:28.639 Both meanings are entirely plausible: 00:14:28.639 --> 00:14:34.639 the tiding of the Last Day is tremendous due to the terrors and immense events it entails, 00:14:34.639 --> 00:14:38.639 and the Holy Qur'an is a tremendous tiding in all that it contains, 00:14:38.639 --> 00:14:43.639 including the refutation of polytheism, the establishment of Tawhid, 00:14:43.639 --> 00:14:49.639 and the affirmation of the resurrection on the Day of Judgment and its overwhelming terrors. 00:14:49.639 --> 00:14:56.899 The Day of Resurrection has indeed been described as a "tremendous day" in numerous verses of the Holy Qur'an. 00:14:56.899 --> 00:14:58.899 He Almighty said: 00:14:58.899 --> 00:15:03.899 “The sects among them differ: but woe unto the disbelievers from the meeting of an awful Day.” (19:37) 00:15:03.899 --> 00:15:05.899 And He Almighty said: 00:15:05.899 --> 00:15:12.899 "Do they not think that they will be resurrected, for a tremendous Day?" 00:15:12.899 --> 00:15:17.659 Facets of belief in the Last Day. 00:15:17.659 --> 00:15:21.330 Belief in the Last Day 00:15:21.330 --> 00:15:25.330 encompasses belief in the following matters: 00:15:25.330 --> 00:15:29.330 the trial of the grave, along with its punishment and bliss; 00:15:29.330 --> 00:15:31.330 resurrection after death; 00:15:31.330 --> 00:15:33.330 the Reckoning; 00:15:33.330 --> 00:15:35.330 the Scale; 00:15:35.330 --> 00:15:37.330 the distribution of the records of deeds; 00:15:37.330 --> 00:15:39.330 the Basin (al-Hawd); 00:15:39.330 --> 00:15:40.330 the Traverse (as-Sirat); 00:15:40.330 --> 00:15:42.360 the Intercession; 00:15:42.360 --> 00:15:44.360 Paradise and Hellfire; 00:15:44.360 --> 00:15:48.460 and the minor and major signs of the Hour. 00:15:48.460 --> 00:15:51.159 The trial of the grave: 00:15:51.159 --> 00:15:55.659 It is the very first stage that occurs after death, 00:15:55.659 --> 00:15:59.659 wherein a person is questioned in his grave concerning three matters: 00:15:59.659 --> 00:16:01.659 "Who is your Lord?", 00:16:01.659 --> 00:16:02.659 "What is your religion?", 00:16:02.659 --> 00:16:04.659 and "Who is your Prophet?" 00:16:04.659 --> 00:16:06.659 Thereupon, Allah grants steadfastness to the believer, 00:16:06.659 --> 00:16:08.659 who replies, "My Lord is Allah, 00:16:08.659 --> 00:16:10.659 my religion is Islam, 00:16:10.659 --> 00:16:14.659 and my Prophet is Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:16:14.659 --> 00:16:17.659 As for the disbeliever, he says: 00:16:17.659 --> 00:16:21.659 "Ah, ah, I do not know!" 00:16:21.659 --> 00:16:25.460 The punishment and bliss of the grave: 00:16:25.460 --> 00:16:29.870 This is firmly established by the Book and the Sunnah. 00:16:29.870 --> 00:16:32.870 The deceased will either be blessed in his grave 00:16:32.870 --> 00:16:35.870 or punished—we seek refuge in Allah! 00:16:35.870 --> 00:16:40.870 This applies to every deceased person, whether buried or unburied. 00:16:40.870 --> 00:16:44.029 The evidence for the bliss of the grave from the Qur'an is 00:16:44.029 --> 00:16:46.029 the statement of Allah Almighty: 00:16:46.029 --> 00:16:50.029 “Those whom the angels cause to die (when they are) good. They say: Peace be unto you! Enter the Garden because of what ye used to do.” (16:32) 00:16:50.029 --> 00:16:53.029 "They say: 'Peace be upon you; 00:16:53.029 --> 00:16:57.029 enter Paradise for what you used to do.'" 00:16:57.029 --> 00:17:00.029 This address at the moment of death 00:17:00.029 --> 00:17:03.029 is glad tidings for the believer, in which he delights in his grave 00:17:03.029 --> 00:17:05.029 until the Hour is established. 00:17:05.029 --> 00:17:09.160 The evidence for the punishment of the grave is the statement of Allah Almighty: 00:17:09.160 --> 00:17:14.160 “The Fire; they are exposed to it morning and evening; and on the day when the Hour upriseth (it is said): Cause Pharaoh's folk to enter the most awful doom.” (40:46) 00:17:14.160 --> 00:17:16.160 "And the Day the Hour appears: 00:17:16.160 --> 00:17:20.160 “The Fire; they are exposed to it morning and evening; and on the day when the Hour upriseth (it is said): Cause Pharaoh's folk to enter the most awful doom.” (40:46) 00:17:20.160 --> 00:17:22.220 As for the Sunnah, 00:17:22.220 --> 00:17:27.220 hadiths have reached the level of mutawatir in mentioning the punishment and bliss of the grave. 00:17:27.220 --> 00:17:31.220 Among them is the hadith concerning the supplication following the Tashahhud in prayer: 00:17:31.220 --> 00:17:35.220 "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, 00:17:35.220 --> 00:17:39.220 and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah (ad-Dajjal)." 00:17:39.220 --> 00:17:41.220 Agreed upon. 00:17:41.220 --> 00:17:45.059 Resurrection after death: 00:17:45.059 --> 00:17:49.890 Resurrection after death is the Major Resurrection, 00:17:49.890 --> 00:17:52.890 wherein the Trumpet will be blown a second time, 00:17:52.890 --> 00:17:55.890 the souls will be returned to their bodies, 00:17:55.890 --> 00:17:58.890 and people will rise from their graves, 00:17:58.890 --> 00:18:00.890 just as Allah Almighty said: 00:18:00.890 --> 00:18:06.890 “And the trumpet is blown, and all who are in the heavens and all who are in the earth swoon away, save him whom Allah willeth. Then it is blown a second time, and behold them standing waiting!” (39:68) 00:18:06.890 --> 00:18:09.890 "Except whom Allah wills." 00:18:09.890 --> 00:18:11.890 “And the trumpet is blown, and all who are in the heavens and all who are in the earth swoon away, save him whom Allah willeth. Then it is blown a second time, and behold them standing waiting!” (39:68) 00:18:11.890 --> 00:18:15.890 “And the trumpet is blown, and all who are in the heavens and all who are in the earth swoon away, save him whom Allah willeth. Then it is blown a second time, and behold them standing waiting!” (39:68) 00:18:15.890 --> 00:18:17.920 Whoever denies the resurrection 00:18:17.920 --> 00:18:19.920 is among the disbelievers, 00:18:19.920 --> 00:18:21.920 as Allah Almighty said: 00:18:21.920 --> 00:18:25.920 "Those who disbelieve claim that they will never be resurrected. 00:18:25.920 --> 00:18:28.920 “Those who disbelieve assert that they will not be raised again. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Yea, verily, by my Lord! ye will be raised again and then ye will be informed of what ye did; and that is easy for Allah.” (64:7) 00:18:28.920 --> 00:18:32.920 Then you will surely be informed of what you did." 00:18:32.920 --> 00:18:35.920 “Those who disbelieve assert that they will not be raised again. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Yea, verily, by my Lord! ye will be raised again and then ye will be informed of what ye did; and that is easy for Allah.” (64:7) 00:18:35.920 --> 00:18:40.140 The Minor Resurrection: 00:18:40.140 --> 00:18:42.940 The Minor Resurrection 00:18:42.940 --> 00:18:44.940 is the death of an individual person; 00:18:44.940 --> 00:18:46.940 it was termed as such 00:18:46.940 --> 00:18:48.940 because whoever dies, 00:18:48.940 --> 00:18:50.940 his personal resurrection has indeed begun, 00:18:50.940 --> 00:18:55.940 due to his departure from this worldly life and his entry into the realm of the Hereafter. 00:18:55.940 --> 00:19:01.180 The reckoning of the creation for their deeds: 00:19:01.180 --> 00:19:08.039 People will be called to account on the Day of Resurrection for their deeds in worldly life. 00:19:08.039 --> 00:19:09.039 As for the believer, 00:19:09.039 --> 00:19:14.039 his reckoning will be one of divine grace, benevolence, and generosity; 00:19:14.039 --> 00:19:19.039 it will merely be a presentation of his deeds before him without rigorous interrogation, 00:19:19.039 --> 00:19:21.039 which is the easy reckoning, 00:19:21.039 --> 00:19:23.039 as Allah Almighty said: 00:19:23.039 --> 00:19:27.039 "Then as for him who is given his record in his right hand, 00:19:27.039 --> 00:19:31.039 “He truly will receive an easy reckoning” (84:8) 00:19:31.039 --> 00:19:33.039 But as for him whose account is thoroughly scrutinized, 00:19:33.039 --> 00:19:35.039 he will be punished. 00:19:35.039 --> 00:19:39.039 This is clarified by the statement of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:19:39.039 --> 00:19:42.039 "Whoever's account is scrutinized will be punished." 00:19:42.039 --> 00:19:46.039 Lady 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, asked: 00:19:46.039 --> 00:19:49.039 "Does not Allah Almighty say: 00:19:49.039 --> 00:19:52.039 “He truly will receive an easy reckoning” (84:8) 00:19:52.039 --> 00:19:55.039 The Prophet, peace be upon him, replied: 00:19:55.039 --> 00:19:57.039 "That is merely the presentation." 00:19:57.039 --> 00:19:59.099 Agreed upon. 00:19:59.099 --> 00:20:02.259 The disbelievers will be made to confess their deeds; 00:20:02.259 --> 00:20:06.259 and if they deny them, their own limbs will bear witness against them, 00:20:06.259 --> 00:20:08.259 as Allah Almighty said: 00:20:08.259 --> 00:20:14.259 “And (make mention of) the day when the enemies of Allah are gathered unto the Fire, they are driven on” (41:19) 00:20:14.259 --> 00:20:18.259 “Till, when they reach it, their ears and their eyes and their skins testify against them as to what they used to do.” (41:20) 00:20:18.259 --> 00:20:21.259 "Their hearing, their sight, and their skins, 00:20:21.259 --> 00:20:24.259 as to what they used to do." 00:20:24.259 --> 00:20:26.390 Among the believing servants of Allah, 00:20:26.390 --> 00:20:28.390 there are those who will not be brought to account at all; 00:20:28.390 --> 00:20:30.390 they are seventy thousand, 00:20:30.390 --> 00:20:32.390 as mentioned in the hadith 00:20:32.390 --> 00:20:34.390 that Jibril, peace be upon him, 00:20:34.390 --> 00:20:37.390 said to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:20:37.390 --> 00:20:39.390 "These are your Ummah, 00:20:39.390 --> 00:20:43.390 and these are seventy thousand before them 00:20:43.390 --> 00:20:46.390 who will have no reckoning and no punishment." 00:20:46.390 --> 00:20:49.420 The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:20:50.420 --> 00:20:52.420 "I asked: 'And why is that?' 00:20:52.420 --> 00:20:53.420 He replied: 00:20:53.420 --> 00:20:55.420 'They are those who did not practice cauterization, 00:20:55.420 --> 00:20:57.420 nor seek ruqyah, 00:20:57.420 --> 00:20:59.420 nor take omens, 00:20:59.420 --> 00:21:02.420 and in their Lord they put their trust.'" 00:21:02.420 --> 00:21:04.420 This is the hadith; 00:21:04.420 --> 00:21:07.640 agreed upon. 00:21:07.640 --> 00:21:11.660 The Weighing and setting up of the Scales: 00:21:11.660 --> 00:21:15.660 This is the belief in the setting up of the Scales on the Day of Resurrection, 00:21:15.660 --> 00:21:18.660 in which the servants and their deeds will be weighed, 00:21:18.660 --> 00:21:20.660 as Allah Almighty said: 00:21:20.660 --> 00:21:23.660 “And We set a just balance for the Day of Resurrection so that no soul is wronged in aught. Though it be of the weight of a grain of mustard seed, We bring it. And We suffice for reckoners.” (21:47) 00:21:23.660 --> 00:21:26.660 “And We set a just balance for the Day of Resurrection so that no soul is wronged in aught. Though it be of the weight of a grain of mustard seed, We bring it. And We suffice for reckoners.” (21:47) 00:21:26.660 --> 00:21:30.660 “And We set a just balance for the Day of Resurrection so that no soul is wronged in aught. Though it be of the weight of a grain of mustard seed, We bring it. And We suffice for reckoners.” (21:47) 00:21:30.660 --> 00:21:32.660 "We will bring it forth, 00:21:32.660 --> 00:21:34.660 and sufficient are We as reckoners." 00:21:34.660 --> 00:21:36.660 And Allah Almighty said: 00:21:36.660 --> 00:21:39.660 "Then those whose scales are heavy, 00:21:39.660 --> 00:21:42.660 it is they who are the successful. 00:21:42.660 --> 00:21:44.660 But those whose scales are light, 00:21:44.660 --> 00:21:46.660 those are the ones who 00:21:46.660 --> 00:21:48.660 have lost their souls, 00:21:48.660 --> 00:21:51.660 abiding eternally in Hell." 00:21:51.660 --> 00:21:55.140 The distribution of the records of deeds: 00:21:55.140 --> 00:21:59.940 This is the belief that every individual will come on the Day of Resurrection 00:21:59.940 --> 00:22:02.940 carrying a record wherein is inscribed 00:22:02.940 --> 00:22:04.940 all that he did in the worldly life; 00:22:04.940 --> 00:22:06.940 he will grasp it either in his right hand, 00:22:06.940 --> 00:22:08.940 if he is among the redeemed, 00:22:08.940 --> 00:22:10.940 or in his left hand, 00:22:10.940 --> 00:22:12.940 if he is among the ruined. 00:22:12.940 --> 00:22:14.940 Allah Almighty said: 00:22:14.940 --> 00:22:17.940 "So as for him who is given his record in his right hand, 00:22:17.940 --> 00:22:21.940 he will say: 'Here, read my record!'" 00:22:21.940 --> 00:22:23.940 And He Almighty said: 00:22:23.940 --> 00:22:27.940 “But as for him who is given his record in his left hand, he will say: Oh, would that I had not been given my book” (69:25) 00:22:27.940 --> 00:22:31.940 “But as for him who is given his record in his left hand, he will say: Oh, would that I had not been given my book” (69:25) 00:22:31.940 --> 00:22:34.940 "'And I never knew what my account was!'" 00:22:34.940 --> 00:22:37.460 The Basin (al-Hawd): 00:22:37.460 --> 00:22:41.160 It is the Basin of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:22:41.160 --> 00:22:44.160 which is attested to by mutawatir hadiths. 00:22:44.160 --> 00:22:46.160 It is an expansive basin, 00:22:47.160 --> 00:22:49.160 and its description, as stated in the hadith, is: 00:22:49.160 --> 00:22:54.160 "The capacity of my Basin is like the distance between Aylah and Sanaa in Yemen, 00:22:54.160 --> 00:22:59.160 and its drinking vessels are as numerous as the stars of the sky." 00:22:59.160 --> 00:23:01.160 Agreed upon. 00:23:01.160 --> 00:23:03.160 In another hadith recorded by Muslim: 00:23:03.160 --> 00:23:07.160 "Two spouts supply it with water flowing from Paradise; 00:23:07.160 --> 00:23:10.160 whoever drinks from it will never thirst again; 00:23:10.160 --> 00:23:12.160 its width is equal to its length, 00:23:12.160 --> 00:23:15.160 like the distance between 'Amman and Aylah; 00:23:15.160 --> 00:23:20.160 and its water is whiter than milk and sweeter than honey." 00:23:20.160 --> 00:23:22.319 Narrated by Muslim. 00:23:22.319 --> 00:23:28.319 The believers who followed the Messenger, peace be upon him, will arrive at the Basin; 00:23:28.319 --> 00:23:32.319 as for those who introduced innovations after him, 00:23:32.319 --> 00:23:34.319 they will be driven away from it, 00:23:34.319 --> 00:23:37.319 just as he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:23:37.319 --> 00:23:41.319 "Some people from among my companions will certainly come to me at the Basin, 00:23:41.319 --> 00:23:43.319 but once I recognize them, 00:23:43.319 --> 00:23:45.319 they will be pulled away from me. 00:23:45.319 --> 00:23:48.319 So I will say: 'My companions!' 00:23:48.319 --> 00:23:53.450 But it will be said: 'You do not know what they introduced after you.'" 00:23:53.450 --> 00:23:55.450 Agreed upon. 00:23:55.450 --> 00:23:58.119 The Traverse (as-Sirat): 00:23:58.119 --> 00:24:02.210 It is the bridge extended across the expanse of Hellfire, 00:24:02.210 --> 00:24:07.210 over which people will pass according to their deeds in the worldly life. 00:24:07.210 --> 00:24:12.210 Whoever was more steadfast in adhering to the straight path and divine guidance in this world 00:24:12.210 --> 00:24:16.210 will cross the traverse of the Hereafter more swiftly: 00:24:16.210 --> 00:24:19.210 among them are those who pass like lightning, 00:24:19.210 --> 00:24:21.210 those who pass like the wind, 00:24:21.210 --> 00:24:24.210 those who pass like swift racehorses, 00:24:24.210 --> 00:24:26.210 those who sprint, 00:24:26.210 --> 00:24:28.210 those who walk, 00:24:28.210 --> 00:24:30.210 and those who crawl on hands and knees. 00:24:30.210 --> 00:24:35.210 The believers will cross this bridge at varying speeds, 00:24:35.210 --> 00:24:37.210 while the disbelievers 00:24:37.210 --> 00:24:41.210 will be snatched away by iron hooks as they attempt to cross it 00:24:41.210 --> 00:24:43.210 and cast into the Fire. 00:24:43.210 --> 00:24:46.210 And hadiths have explicitly reported this, 00:24:46.210 --> 00:24:49.210 so we believe in it and submit to it. 00:24:49.210 --> 00:24:51.880 Intercession (Shafa'ah) 00:24:51.880 --> 00:24:55.940 Intercession in the Hereafter is of two types: 00:24:55.940 --> 00:25:00.940 one is exclusive to our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:25:00.940 --> 00:25:04.940 while the other belongs to the rest of the prophets, the truthful, 00:25:04.940 --> 00:25:07.940 the martyrs, and the righteous. 00:25:07.940 --> 00:25:12.160 As for our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:25:12.160 --> 00:25:14.160 he possesses several intercessions. 00:25:14.160 --> 00:25:16.160 Among them 00:25:16.160 --> 00:25:21.160 is his greatest intercession, peace be upon him, for all the people gathered on the Day of Resurrection, 00:25:21.160 --> 00:25:26.160 asking Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, to come to judge and decide between the servants. 00:25:26.160 --> 00:25:30.160 This is the intercession from which all the other prophets will excuse themselves, 00:25:30.160 --> 00:25:37.259 and it is the Praiseworthy Station (al-Maaqam al-Mahmud) that Allah promised His Messenger, peace be upon him. 00:25:37.259 --> 00:25:40.259 Among them is also his intercession, peace be upon him, 00:25:40.259 --> 00:25:43.259 for the people of Paradise to enter it. 00:25:43.259 --> 00:25:48.259 And among them is his intercession, peace be upon him, for his uncle Abu Talib, 00:25:48.259 --> 00:25:51.259 asking that Allah lighten his punishment. 00:25:51.259 --> 00:25:56.420 As for the intercession of the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous, 00:25:56.420 --> 00:26:01.420 it is their intercession for the believers, to the exclusion of the disbelievers, 00:26:01.420 --> 00:26:04.420 since Allah does not grant permission to intercede for a polytheist. 00:26:04.420 --> 00:26:10.420 It includes interceding so that some of the disobedient believers who deserve the Fire will not enter it, 00:26:10.420 --> 00:26:16.420 and interceding to bring out of the Fire those disobedient believers who have already entered it. 00:26:16.420 --> 00:26:19.420 This intercession has two conditions: 00:26:19.420 --> 00:26:25.420 the first is the permission of Allah Almighty for the intercessor to intercede, 00:26:25.420 --> 00:26:32.420 as the Almighty said: "Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission?" 00:26:32.420 --> 00:26:37.509 and the second is His approval, Glorified be He, of the one for whom intercession is made, 00:26:37.509 --> 00:26:40.509 as conveyed by His saying, the Exalted: 00:26:40.509 --> 00:26:44.509 "He knows what is before them and what will be after them, 00:26:44.509 --> 00:26:47.509 and they cannot intercede except on behalf of one whom He approves." 00:26:47.509 --> 00:26:51.509 “He knoweth what is before them and what is behind them, and they cannot intercede except for him whom He accepteth, and they quake for awe of Him.” (21:28) 00:26:51.509 --> 00:26:54.960 Paradise and the Fire 00:26:54.960 --> 00:26:58.210 Part of faith in the Last Day 00:26:58.210 --> 00:27:01.210 is belief in Paradise and the Fire, 00:27:01.210 --> 00:27:03.210 and that they are the abodes of recompense. 00:27:03.210 --> 00:27:05.210 They both exist right now, 00:27:05.210 --> 00:27:08.210 everlasting and never to perish. 00:27:08.210 --> 00:27:10.210 Paradise is the abode of the God-fearing; 00:27:10.210 --> 00:27:13.210 none shall enter it except a Muslim soul. 00:27:13.210 --> 00:27:16.210 And the Fire is the abode of the disbelievers, 00:27:16.210 --> 00:27:18.210 and no monotheist will remain in it forever. 00:27:18.210 --> 00:27:23.210 All of this is firmly established by the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and consensus. 00:27:23.210 --> 00:27:28.210 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, saw both of them during the solar eclipse prayer, 00:27:28.210 --> 00:27:30.210 when they were displayed before him. 00:27:30.210 --> 00:27:32.400 The Signs of the Hour 00:27:32.400 --> 00:27:35.809 The signs of the Hour 00:27:35.809 --> 00:27:39.809 are the portents of the Day of Resurrection that precede it and indicate its proximity. 00:27:39.809 --> 00:27:41.809 They are of two categories: 00:27:41.809 --> 00:27:44.809 first, the minor signs, 00:27:44.809 --> 00:27:48.809 which precede the Hour by long periods of time 00:27:48.809 --> 00:27:51.809 and are of the sort familiar to people, 00:27:51.809 --> 00:27:54.809 such as the taking away of sacred knowledge, the emergence of ignorance, 00:27:54.809 --> 00:27:56.809 and competing in the construction of tall buildings. 00:27:56.809 --> 00:27:59.809 Some of these signs have already appeared and passed, 00:27:59.809 --> 00:28:01.809 some have appeared 00:28:01.809 --> 00:28:04.809 and continue to recur successively, 00:28:04.809 --> 00:28:06.809 such as competing in tall buildings, 00:28:06.809 --> 00:28:09.809 and some have not yet appeared to this day. 00:28:09.809 --> 00:28:12.099 Second, 00:28:12.099 --> 00:28:14.099 the major signs, 00:28:14.099 --> 00:28:18.099 which are the monumental events that appear near the establishment of the Hour 00:28:18.099 --> 00:28:21.099 and are completely extraordinary and unfamiliar to people. 00:28:21.099 --> 00:28:26.099 These are the ten signs mentioned in the hadith of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:28:26.099 --> 00:28:28.099 concerning the onset of the Hour, 00:28:28.099 --> 00:28:29.099 wherein he said: 00:28:29.099 --> 00:28:34.099 "It will not be established until you see ten signs before it." 00:28:34.099 --> 00:28:38.099 He then mentioned the Smoke, the Dajjal, the Beast, 00:28:38.099 --> 00:28:40.099 the rising of the sun from its west, 00:28:40.099 --> 00:28:42.099 the descent of 'Isa ibn Maryam, 00:28:42.099 --> 00:28:44.099 Gog and Magog, 00:28:44.099 --> 00:28:46.099 and three major landslides: 00:28:46.099 --> 00:28:48.099 a landslide in the east, 00:28:48.099 --> 00:28:50.099 a landslide in the west, 00:28:50.099 --> 00:28:52.099 and a landslide in the Arabian Peninsula; 00:28:52.099 --> 00:28:56.099 and the last of that will be a fire emerging from Yemen 00:28:56.099 --> 00:28:58.099 that drives the people to their place of gathering. 00:28:58.099 --> 00:29:00.099 It was narrated by Muslim. 00:29:00.099 --> 00:29:05.099 Some scholars add the Mahdi to these signs, 00:29:05.099 --> 00:29:11.099 while others consider him among the minor signs that immediately accompany the major ones. 00:29:11.099 --> 00:29:14.220 The most apparent chronological order for these ten signs 00:29:14.220 --> 00:29:16.220 is the emergence of the Dajjal, 00:29:16.220 --> 00:29:19.220 then the descent of 'Isa ibn Maryam, peace be upon him, 00:29:19.220 --> 00:29:22.220 then the emergence of Gog and Magog, 00:29:22.220 --> 00:29:24.220 then the three landslides, 00:29:24.220 --> 00:29:26.220 then the Smoke, 00:29:26.220 --> 00:29:29.220 then the rising of the sun from its west, 00:29:29.220 --> 00:29:31.220 then the Beast, 00:29:31.220 --> 00:29:34.220 and then the Fire that gathers the people. 00:29:35.420 --> 00:29:37.420 The Savior of Humanity 00:29:37.420 --> 00:29:42.470 Most sects and religious denominations believe 00:29:42.470 --> 00:29:46.470 that humanity has a savior who will come at the end of time 00:29:46.470 --> 00:29:50.470 to deliver it from the injustice and evil rampant on the earth. 00:29:50.470 --> 00:29:56.470 Every sect or denomination claims this savior for itself according to its own creed. 00:29:56.470 --> 00:30:02.500 The Jews call him the Messiah, the Mashiach, or al-Masih, 00:30:02.500 --> 00:30:07.500 and they claim that he is the one foretold in the Torah of Musa, 00:30:07.500 --> 00:30:09.500 and that he has not yet arrived. 00:30:09.500 --> 00:30:14.500 Therefore, they rejected the Prophet of Allah, the Messiah 'Isa ibn Maryam, peace be upon him, 00:30:14.500 --> 00:30:16.500 and do not believe in him. 00:30:16.500 --> 00:30:19.539 But this awaited messiah of theirs 00:30:19.539 --> 00:30:22.539 is, in reality, the False Messiah (al-Masih ad-Dajjal), 00:30:22.539 --> 00:30:28.539 whom the Prophet, peace be upon him, informed us is one of the signs of the Hour, 00:30:28.539 --> 00:30:32.539 and whom seventy thousand of the Jews of Isfahan will follow. 00:30:32.539 --> 00:30:38.630 The Christians believe that the savior of humanity is 'Isa ibn Maryam, peace be upon him, 00:30:38.630 --> 00:30:42.630 and that he will descend once again at the end of time 00:30:42.630 --> 00:30:45.630 to rule the earth and kill the pagans— 00:30:45.630 --> 00:30:50.630 by which they mean the Muslims who do not believe in his divinity— 00:30:50.630 --> 00:30:54.630 and that he will rapturously lift the Christians into the clouds. 00:30:54.630 --> 00:30:59.700 The Rafidah claim that the savior is their awaited Mahdi, 00:30:59.700 --> 00:31:01.700 Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-'Askari, 00:31:01.700 --> 00:31:04.700 who they claim was born 00:31:04.700 --> 00:31:08.700 and entered a cellar in Samarra during his childhood, 00:31:08.700 --> 00:31:11.700 and will emerge at the end of time. 00:31:11.700 --> 00:31:15.700 He will then, according to their claim, resurrect Abu Bakr and 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:31:15.700 --> 00:31:19.700 put them and the rest of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, on trial, 00:31:19.700 --> 00:31:23.700 and exact revenge upon them all on behalf of the Shi'a and the Ahl al-Bayt, 00:31:23.700 --> 00:31:27.700 along with other such delusions and absurd fabrications. 00:31:27.700 --> 00:31:33.759 The Zoroastrians have a savior named Saoshyant or Shahriyar, 00:31:33.759 --> 00:31:38.759 claiming he will restore the Persian Empire. 00:31:38.759 --> 00:31:43.920 Even secularists believe in the concept of human salvation: 00:31:43.920 --> 00:31:46.920 you find the Americans seeing the salvation of the world 00:31:46.920 --> 00:31:49.920 in adopting their capitalist values, 00:31:49.920 --> 00:31:53.920 absolute freedom, and purported democracy; 00:31:53.920 --> 00:31:57.920 while the atheist Communists see humanity's salvation 00:31:57.920 --> 00:32:00.920 in abolishing private property, 00:32:00.920 --> 00:32:03.920 eliminating class distinctions, 00:32:03.920 --> 00:32:06.920 and ridding themselves of what they claim are the illusions of religion. 00:32:06.920 --> 00:32:11.079 As for Ahl as-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah among the Muslims, 00:32:11.079 --> 00:32:15.079 they know from the conceptually mass-transmitted (mutawatir ma'nawi) Sunnah 00:32:15.079 --> 00:32:18.079 that at the end of time there will emerge 00:32:18.079 --> 00:32:22.079 a man from the household of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:32:22.079 --> 00:32:25.079 from the descendants of Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her. 00:32:25.079 --> 00:32:29.079 His name will match the name of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:32:29.079 --> 00:32:34.079 and his father's name will match the name of the Prophet's father. 00:32:34.079 --> 00:32:37.079 Allah will rectify him in a single night 00:32:37.079 --> 00:32:39.079 and support the religion through him. 00:32:39.079 --> 00:32:41.079 He will rule the earth for seven years, 00:32:41.079 --> 00:32:45.079 filling it with justice just as it had been filled with tyranny and injustice. 00:32:45.079 --> 00:32:50.210 The Ummah will enjoy during his reign a prosperity the likes of which it had never experienced before. 00:32:50.210 --> 00:32:53.210 In his time, 'Isa, peace be upon him, will descend 00:32:53.210 --> 00:32:59.210 and pray behind him out of honor for the Ummah of Muhammad, peace be upon him. 00:32:59.210 --> 00:33:03.210 And 'Isa, peace be upon him, will at that time kill the False Messiah 00:33:03.210 --> 00:33:07.339 at the gate of Ludd in present-day Palestine. 00:33:07.339 --> 00:33:10.339 Among the authentic and explicit hadiths concerning the Mahdi 00:33:10.339 --> 00:33:14.339 is the hadith of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:33:14.339 --> 00:33:18.339 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:33:18.339 --> 00:33:21.339 "At the end of my Ummah, the Mahdi will emerge; 00:33:21.339 --> 00:33:23.339 Allah will send down abundant rain for him, 00:33:23.339 --> 00:33:25.339 the earth will bring forth its vegetation, 00:33:25.339 --> 00:33:28.339 he will distribute wealth equitably, 00:33:28.339 --> 00:33:30.339 livestock will multiply, 00:33:30.339 --> 00:33:32.339 and the Ummah will become great. 00:33:32.339 --> 00:33:34.339 He will live for seven or eight," 00:33:34.339 --> 00:33:36.339 meaning years. 00:33:36.339 --> 00:33:38.339 It was narrated by Abu Dawud, 00:33:39.339 --> 00:33:41.339 and al-Albani graded it authentic. 00:33:41.339 --> 00:33:45.750 And among the reports in the two Sahihs related to the Mahdi, 00:33:45.750 --> 00:33:47.750 without mentioning his name or title, 00:33:47.750 --> 00:33:49.750 is the hadith: 00:33:49.750 --> 00:33:54.750 "How will you be when the son of Maryam descends among you and your leader is from among you?" 00:33:54.750 --> 00:33:56.880 Agreed upon. 00:33:56.880 --> 00:33:57.880 And the hadith: 00:33:57.880 --> 00:34:04.880 "A group of my Ummah will not cease fighting upon the truth, remaining victorious until the Day of Resurrection." 00:34:04.880 --> 00:34:05.880 He said: 00:34:05.880 --> 00:34:08.880 "Then 'Isa ibn Maryam, peace be upon him, will descend, 00:34:08.880 --> 00:34:10.880 and their leader will say, 00:34:10.880 --> 00:34:12.880 'Come and lead us in prayer.' 00:34:12.880 --> 00:34:14.880 But he will reply, 'No, 00:34:14.880 --> 00:34:17.880 indeed, some of you are leaders over others— 00:34:17.880 --> 00:34:20.880 an honor from Allah to this Ummah.'" 00:34:20.880 --> 00:34:22.880 It was narrated by Muslim. 00:34:22.880 --> 00:34:27.329 Nullifiers of Faith in the Last Day 00:34:27.329 --> 00:34:32.699 The nullifiers of faith in the Last Day can be summarized 00:34:32.699 --> 00:34:37.699 as the denial of any of its matters necessarily known to be part of the religion, 00:34:37.699 --> 00:34:40.699 established by the Book and the Sunnah, 00:34:40.699 --> 00:34:42.699 or doubting them, 00:34:42.699 --> 00:34:45.699 or ridiculing and mocking them— 00:34:45.699 --> 00:34:48.699 such as the matters of resurrection after death, 00:34:48.699 --> 00:34:50.699 the reckoning in the Hereafter, 00:34:50.699 --> 00:34:52.699 and Paradise and the Fire, 00:34:52.699 --> 00:34:54.699 and so forth. 00:34:54.699 --> 00:34:56.699 Also included among the nullifiers 00:34:56.699 --> 00:35:00.699 is allegorically misinterpreting any of the matters of faith in the Last Day 00:35:00.699 --> 00:35:03.699 with esoteric explanations contrary to the truth, 00:35:03.699 --> 00:35:06.699 built upon frivolous illusions 00:35:06.699 --> 00:35:08.699 and arbitrary philosophical notions, 00:35:08.699 --> 00:35:10.699 such as claiming that the Hereafter 00:35:10.699 --> 00:35:14.699 is merely the transmigration of souls after each death 00:35:14.699 --> 00:35:17.699 and their transfer into other humans 00:35:17.699 --> 00:35:20.699 or even into the bodies of animals, 00:35:20.699 --> 00:35:24.699 as held by the Nusayris among the Batini sects, 00:35:24.699 --> 00:35:27.699 and like the interpretations of the philosophizers, 00:35:27.699 --> 00:35:31.150 the followers of Aristotle, regarding the bodily resurrection. 00:35:31.150 --> 00:35:34.150 The Effects of Faith in the Last Day 00:35:34.150 --> 00:35:38.659 Faith in the Last Day has 00:35:38.659 --> 00:35:40.659 numerous positive effects 00:35:40.659 --> 00:35:42.659 and immense fruits 00:35:42.659 --> 00:35:44.659 attained by the servant who believes in it. 00:35:44.659 --> 00:35:46.659 Among them: 00:35:46.659 --> 00:35:47.659 First, 00:35:47.659 --> 00:35:50.659 Certainty in Allah's justice and grace 00:35:50.659 --> 00:35:52.659 regarding recompense in both this world and the Hereafter, 00:35:52.659 --> 00:35:55.659 and that the wronged will receive justice against their oppressor, 00:35:55.659 --> 00:35:58.659 whether that takes place in this worldly life or in the Hereafter; 00:35:58.659 --> 00:36:02.659 and that doing good in this world never goes in vain, 00:36:02.659 --> 00:36:06.820 even if its fruits are not outwardly apparent at first glance. 00:36:06.820 --> 00:36:07.820 Second: 00:36:07.820 --> 00:36:09.820 praising and thanking Allah, 00:36:09.820 --> 00:36:12.820 and extolling Him as He truly deserves, 00:36:12.820 --> 00:36:16.820 as a natural consequence of recognizing His sublime justice and grace. 00:36:17.070 --> 00:36:18.070 Third: 00:36:18.070 --> 00:36:21.070 realizing that the abode of the Hereafter 00:36:21.070 --> 00:36:23.070 is the true life, 00:36:23.070 --> 00:36:26.070 and that this worldly life is fleeting and short, 00:36:26.070 --> 00:36:29.070 no matter how long it may seem in human eyes. 00:36:29.070 --> 00:36:31.070 Allah Almighty said: 00:36:31.070 --> 00:36:33.070 “This life of the world is but a pastime and a game. Lo! the home of the Hereafter - that is Life, if they but knew.” (29:64) 00:36:33.070 --> 00:36:36.070 "...is nothing but diversion and play, 00:36:36.070 --> 00:36:38.070 and indeed, the home of the Hereafter— 00:36:38.070 --> 00:36:40.070 that is the true life, 00:36:40.070 --> 00:36:42.070 if only they knew." 00:36:42.070 --> 00:36:44.139 Fourth: 00:36:44.139 --> 00:36:46.139 establishing the balance of fear and hope 00:36:46.139 --> 00:36:48.139 within the heart of the believer, 00:36:48.139 --> 00:36:50.139 through which a person refrains 00:36:50.139 --> 00:36:52.139 from sins and injustices, 00:36:52.139 --> 00:36:55.139 and eagerly advances toward acts of obedience and virtues. 00:36:55.139 --> 00:36:57.199 Fifth: 00:36:57.199 --> 00:37:00.199 the soundness of the heart, along with its tranquility and steadfastness, 00:37:00.199 --> 00:37:04.199 in the face of worldly trials of ease and adversity; 00:37:04.199 --> 00:37:07.199 for when concern for the Hereafter dominates the servant's heart 00:37:07.199 --> 00:37:10.199 and he is certain of its reality and of the world's passing nature, 00:37:10.199 --> 00:37:13.199 he does not despair when calamities strike, 00:37:13.199 --> 00:37:16.199 nor does he become arrogant when blessings arrive; 00:37:16.199 --> 00:37:19.199 rather, you find him patient and grateful, 00:37:19.199 --> 00:37:23.199 hoping for the reward of that with Allah in the Hereafter. 00:37:23.199 --> 00:37:25.389 Sixth: 00:37:25.389 --> 00:37:28.389 the heart’s purity from malice and envy; 00:37:28.389 --> 00:37:31.389 because certainty in the Hereafter and the longing for it 00:37:31.389 --> 00:37:34.389 make the servant indifferent to this vanishing world, 00:37:34.389 --> 00:37:39.389 which is the very cause of mutual envy and hatred among people. 00:37:39.389 --> 00:37:41.550 Seventh: 00:37:41.550 --> 00:37:43.550 the soul becoming filled with optimism, 00:37:43.550 --> 00:37:46.550 which remains its constant companion throughout life; 00:37:46.550 --> 00:37:48.550 for the most optimistic of people 00:37:48.550 --> 00:37:50.550 are those with the strongest faith 00:37:50.550 --> 00:37:52.550 in meeting Allah in the Hereafter. 00:37:52.550 --> 00:37:54.710 Eighth: 00:37:54.710 --> 00:37:57.710 a powerful drive to call people to Allah Almighty 00:37:57.710 --> 00:37:59.710 and strive in His cause 00:37:59.710 --> 00:38:01.710 with high resolve, 00:38:01.710 --> 00:38:03.710 unwavering determination, 00:38:03.710 --> 00:38:05.710 and sincere intention, 00:38:05.710 --> 00:38:09.710 seeking Allah's reward in the Hereafter for all of that, 00:38:09.710 --> 00:38:13.710 and out of compassion for people, wishing to spare them misery in the Hereafter. 00:38:13.710 --> 00:38:18.380 Summary of the understandings of Ahl al-Sunnah: