1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:08,640 A Summary of the Fundamentals of Ahl al-Sunnah 2 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:19,789 Belief in divine decree (al-Qadar) is the sixth pillar of faith, 3 00:00:19,789 --> 00:00:22,789 as stated in the hadith of Jibril (peace be upon him), 4 00:00:22,789 --> 00:00:26,789 when he asked the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about faith, 5 00:00:26,789 --> 00:00:28,789 and he replied: 6 00:00:28,789 --> 00:00:32,789 "It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, 7 00:00:32,789 --> 00:00:34,789 the Last Day, 8 00:00:34,789 --> 00:00:37,789 and to believe in divine decree, both its good and its evil." 9 00:00:37,789 --> 00:00:39,789 Narrated by Muslim. 10 00:00:39,789 --> 00:00:41,789 His saying, "both its good and its evil," 11 00:00:41,789 --> 00:00:47,789 means believing that both good and evil are entirely decreed by Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 12 00:00:47,789 --> 00:00:49,789 as Allah Almighty said: 13 00:00:49,789 --> 00:00:53,789 “He unto Whom belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth, He hath chosen no son nor hath He any partner in the Sovereignty. He hath created everything and hath meted out for it a measure.” (25:2) 14 00:00:53,789 --> 00:00:55,789 And He said: 15 00:00:55,789 --> 00:01:01,789 “Wheresoever ye may be, death will overtake you, even though ye were in lofty towers. Yet if a happy thing befalleth them they say: This is from Allah; and if an evil thing befalleth them they say: This is of thy doing (O Muhammad). Say (unto them): All is from Allah. What is amiss with these people that they come not nigh to understand a happening?” (4:78) 16 00:01:01,789 --> 00:01:06,790 “Wheresoever ye may be, death will overtake you, even though ye were in lofty towers. Yet if a happy thing befalleth them they say: This is from Allah; and if an evil thing befalleth them they say: This is of thy doing (O Muhammad). Say (unto them): All is from Allah. What is amiss with these people that they come not nigh to understand a happening?” (4:78) 17 00:01:06,790 --> 00:01:09,790 “Wheresoever ye may be, death will overtake you, even though ye were in lofty towers. Yet if a happy thing befalleth them they say: This is from Allah; and if an evil thing befalleth them they say: This is of thy doing (O Muhammad). Say (unto them): All is from Allah. What is amiss with these people that they come not nigh to understand a happening?” (4:78) 18 00:01:09,790 --> 00:01:15,790 "What is [the matter] with these people that they can hardly understand a statement?" 19 00:01:15,790 --> 00:01:21,819 Therefore, it is obligatory to believe in the predetermination and decree of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, for all things. 20 00:01:21,819 --> 00:01:25,819 None can repel His decree, and none can overturn His judgment. 21 00:01:26,859 --> 00:01:31,859 Allah’s Qadar is that which He, Exalted is He, has decreed and judged regarding all matters. 22 00:01:31,859 --> 00:01:35,859 And al-Qada' means settling, deciding, and judging. 23 00:01:35,859 --> 00:01:39,859 For this reason, one of the two terms is frequently used to denote the other— 24 00:01:39,859 --> 00:01:42,859 namely, al-Qada' and al-Qadar. 25 00:01:42,859 --> 00:01:45,859 However, when the two terms are paired together, 26 00:01:45,859 --> 00:01:47,859 as when it is said "al-Qada' wa-l-Qadar," 27 00:01:47,859 --> 00:01:50,859 a nuanced distinction is observed in al-Qadar: 28 00:01:50,859 --> 00:01:54,859 it is the predetermination of things according to the knowledge and wisdom of Allah, 29 00:01:54,859 --> 00:01:59,859 and their occurrence in a precise measure, without excess or deficiency. 30 00:01:59,859 --> 00:02:02,859 For precise measure (miqdar) is among the core meanings of Qadar. 31 00:02:02,859 --> 00:02:07,859 One says, "He measured the thing precisely," meaning he determined its exact quantity. 32 00:02:07,859 --> 00:02:11,860 As for al-Qada', it is the actual execution and enactment of the decree. 33 00:02:11,860 --> 00:02:16,389 The levels of divine decree are four: 34 00:02:16,389 --> 00:02:22,389 Realizing faith in divine decree requires believing in its four levels: 35 00:02:22,389 --> 00:02:27,710 divine knowledge, the writing, the divine will, and creation. 36 00:02:27,710 --> 00:02:30,710 The first level is divine knowledge (al-'Ilm): 37 00:02:30,710 --> 00:02:38,710 It means believing that Allah Almighty has knowledge of all things before they occur, both generally and in specific detail, 38 00:02:38,710 --> 00:02:43,710 whether concerning His own actions, Exalted is He, such as creating and providing, 39 00:02:43,710 --> 00:02:47,710 giving life, causing death, and so forth, 40 00:02:47,710 --> 00:02:50,710 or concerning the actions of created beings. 41 00:02:51,710 --> 00:02:55,710 "And Allah is ever Knower of all things." 42 00:02:55,710 --> 00:03:00,710 His saying "all things" is general and encompasses everything knowable. 43 00:03:00,710 --> 00:03:06,710 “Allah it is who hath created seven heavens, and of the earth the like thereof. The commandment cometh down among them slowly, that ye may know that Allah is Able to do all things, and that Allah surroundeth all things in knowledge.” (65:12) 44 00:03:06,710 --> 00:03:13,780 This divine knowledge of Allah was never preceded by ignorance, nor is it followed by forgetfulness, 45 00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:18,780 as Allah Almighty said: "[Pharaoh] said, 'What then was the case of the former generations?'" 46 00:03:18,780 --> 00:03:25,780 “He said: The knowledge thereof is with my Lord in a Record. My Lord neither erreth nor forgetteth,” (20:52) 47 00:03:25,780 --> 00:03:29,840 His saying, "does not err," means He is never ignorant; 48 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:35,840 and His saying, "nor forgets," means He never forgets anything previously known. 49 00:03:35,840 --> 00:03:40,840 This is unlike the created being, whose knowledge is preceded by ignorance 50 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:43,840 and afflicted by forgetfulness. 51 00:03:43,840 --> 00:03:47,060 The second level is the writing (al-Kitabah): 52 00:03:47,060 --> 00:03:53,060 It means believing that Allah Almighty recorded the destinies of all creation 53 00:03:53,060 --> 00:03:58,060 fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth. 54 00:03:58,060 --> 00:04:01,099 Allah Almighty has said: 55 00:04:01,099 --> 00:04:06,099 “Naught of disaster befalleth in the earth or in yourselves but it is in a Book before we bring it into being - Lo! that is easy for Allah -” (57:22) 56 00:04:06,099 --> 00:04:11,099 “Naught of disaster befalleth in the earth or in yourselves but it is in a Book before we bring it into being - Lo! that is easy for Allah -” (57:22) 57 00:04:11,099 --> 00:04:14,099 "Indeed, that is easy for Allah." 58 00:04:14,099 --> 00:04:16,100 And He said: 59 00:04:16,100 --> 00:04:21,100 “Hast thou not known that Allah knoweth all that is in the heaven and the earth? Lo! it is in a record. Lo! that is easy for Allah.” (22:70) 60 00:04:21,100 --> 00:04:27,100 “Hast thou not known that Allah knoweth all that is in the heaven and the earth? Lo! it is in a record. Lo! that is easy for Allah.” (22:70) 61 00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:31,350 The third level is the divine will (al-Mashi'ah): 62 00:04:31,350 --> 00:04:36,350 It means believing that everything that was, and everything that will be, 63 00:04:36,350 --> 00:04:40,350 occurs solely by the will of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 64 00:04:40,350 --> 00:04:42,350 just as Muslims say: 65 00:04:42,350 --> 00:04:47,350 "Whatever Allah wills occurs, and whatever He does not will does not occur." 66 00:04:47,350 --> 00:04:52,350 This applies equally to what is an act of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 67 00:04:52,350 --> 00:04:54,350 and to what is an act of the creation, 68 00:04:54,350 --> 00:04:56,350 as Allah Almighty said: 69 00:04:56,350 --> 00:05:02,350 “Of those messengers, some of whom We have caused to excel others, and of whom there are some unto whom Allah spake, while some of them He exalted (above others) in degree; and We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) and We supported him with the holy Spirit. And if Allah had so wiled it, those who followed after them would not have fought one with another after the clear proofs had come unto them. But they differed, some of them believing and some disbelieving. And if Allah had so willed it, they would not have fought one with another; but Allah doeth what He will.” (2:253) 70 00:05:02,350 --> 00:05:05,350 Fighting is an action performed by the servants, 71 00:05:05,350 --> 00:05:09,350 yet Allah, Mighty and Majestic, brought it about through His will. 72 00:05:09,350 --> 00:05:11,379 And He said: 73 00:05:11,379 --> 00:05:14,379 “Thus have We appointed unto every prophet an adversary - devils of humankind and jinn who inspire in one another plausible discourse through guile. If thy Lord willed, they would not do so; so leave them alone with their devising;” (6:112) 74 00:05:14,379 --> 00:05:17,379 "So leave them and what they invent." 75 00:05:17,379 --> 00:05:20,579 The fourth level is creation (al-Khalq): 76 00:05:20,579 --> 00:05:24,579 It means believing that Allah Almighty 77 00:05:24,579 --> 00:05:29,579 is the One Who created what He knew, recorded, and willed. 78 00:05:29,579 --> 00:05:31,579 For He is the Creator of all things, 79 00:05:31,579 --> 00:05:34,579 and the verses testifying to this are numerous, 80 00:05:34,579 --> 00:05:36,579 among them the words of the Almighty: 81 00:05:36,579 --> 00:05:39,579 "Allah is the Creator of all things, 82 00:05:39,579 --> 00:05:43,579 and He is, over all things, Disposer of affairs." 83 00:05:43,579 --> 00:05:45,579 And His saying, Mighty and Majestic: 84 00:05:45,579 --> 00:05:49,579 “Lo! We have created every thing by measure.” (54:49) 85 00:05:49,579 --> 00:05:53,579 This also includes the actions of the servants; 86 00:05:53,579 --> 00:05:57,579 their actions are created by Allah, Mighty and Majestic, 87 00:05:57,579 --> 00:05:59,579 as He said: 88 00:05:59,579 --> 00:06:03,579 “When Allah hath created you and what ye make?” (37:96) 89 00:06:04,699 --> 00:06:07,699 Allah, Exalted is He, has two types of will: 90 00:06:07,699 --> 00:06:10,790 First: 91 00:06:10,790 --> 00:06:12,790 The legislative will (al-Iradah al-Shar'iyyah), 92 00:06:12,790 --> 00:06:14,790 which consists of His commands, Mighty and Majestic, 93 00:06:14,790 --> 00:06:19,790 and His religious obligations that He loves and is pleased with for His servants; 94 00:06:19,790 --> 00:06:21,790 it is described as being ease-giving, 95 00:06:21,790 --> 00:06:23,790 as Allah Almighty said: 96 00:06:23,790 --> 00:06:27,790 “The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) number of other days. Allah desireth for you ease; He desireth not hardship for you; and (He desireth) that ye should complete the period, and that ye should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that peradventure ye may be thankful.” (2:185) 97 00:06:27,790 --> 00:06:29,889 Second: 98 00:06:29,889 --> 00:06:32,889 The universal, determinative will (al-Iradah al-Kawniyyah al-Qadariyyah), 99 00:06:32,889 --> 00:06:36,889 which is Allah's decree and predetermination that He brings to pass in the universe. 100 00:06:36,889 --> 00:06:40,889 What Allah decrees universally may sometimes be legislatively desired by Him, 101 00:06:40,889 --> 00:06:43,889 and sometimes it may not, 102 00:06:43,889 --> 00:06:46,889 as in the real-world existence of disbelief. 103 00:06:46,889 --> 00:06:48,889 Allah Almighty said: 104 00:06:48,889 --> 00:06:52,889 “If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with thanklessness for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you. No laden soul will bear another's load. Then unto your Lord is your return; and He will tell you what ye used to do. Lo! He knoweth what is in the breasts (of men).” (39:7) 105 00:06:52,889 --> 00:06:55,889 “If ye are thankless, yet Allah is Independent of you, though He is not pleased with thanklessness for His bondmen; and if ye are thankful He is pleased therewith for you. No laden soul will bear another's load. Then unto your Lord is your return; and He will tell you what ye used to do. Lo! He knoweth what is in the breasts (of men).” (39:7) 106 00:06:55,889 --> 00:06:57,949 In summary: 107 00:06:57,949 --> 00:06:59,949 The legislative will 108 00:06:59,949 --> 00:07:01,949 is what Allah wills from us, 109 00:07:01,949 --> 00:07:03,949 which He loves and is pleased with; 110 00:07:03,949 --> 00:07:05,949 while the universal will 111 00:07:05,949 --> 00:07:07,949 is what Allah wills upon us, 112 00:07:07,949 --> 00:07:11,949 which He does not necessarily love or approve of religiously. 113 00:07:11,949 --> 00:07:15,949 Rather, He may forbid it and hate it in terms of religion and legislation, 114 00:07:15,949 --> 00:07:19,949 yet He willed its existence according to His wisdom and justice for the purpose of testing, 115 00:07:19,949 --> 00:07:23,949 and for beneficial reasons unknown to us but known to Him. 116 00:07:23,949 --> 00:07:27,949 This is encapsulated in a famous allegorical exchange 117 00:07:27,949 --> 00:07:30,949 that took place between a Mu'tazili who denied divine decree 118 00:07:30,949 --> 00:07:34,180 and a Sunni who affirmed Allah's decree. 119 00:07:34,180 --> 00:07:36,180 The Mu'tazili said: 120 00:07:36,180 --> 00:07:39,180 "Exalted is He Who is above committing wickedness!"— 121 00:07:39,180 --> 00:07:44,240 hinting that Allah does not decree evil and sins. 122 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:46,240 The Sunni replied: 123 00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:50,240 "Exalted is He in Whose dominion nothing occurs except what He wills!"— 124 00:07:50,240 --> 00:07:55,240 indicating that both good and evil occur by the decree of Allah. 125 00:07:55,240 --> 00:07:57,269 The Mu'tazili then asked: 126 00:07:57,269 --> 00:08:00,269 "Does our Lord love to be disobeyed?" 127 00:08:00,269 --> 00:08:03,269 So the Sunni silenced him, saying: 128 00:08:03,269 --> 00:08:06,269 "Is our Lord disobeyed against His will?" 129 00:08:06,269 --> 00:08:12,500 The legislative will and the universal will: convergence and divergence. 130 00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:19,459 The legislative will and the universal will have several scenarios: 131 00:08:19,459 --> 00:08:20,459 First: 132 00:08:20,459 --> 00:08:22,459 Both wills may converge, 133 00:08:22,459 --> 00:08:25,459 as in the case of the obedient person— 134 00:08:25,459 --> 00:08:27,459 the faith of the believer: 135 00:08:27,459 --> 00:08:31,459 Allah, Mighty and Majestic, legislatively wills faith from him, 136 00:08:31,459 --> 00:08:34,649 and He decrees it for him universally. 137 00:08:34,649 --> 00:08:35,649 Second: 138 00:08:35,649 --> 00:08:38,649 Both wills may be absent, 139 00:08:38,649 --> 00:08:41,649 as in the absence of disbelief from a believer: 140 00:08:41,649 --> 00:08:46,649 Allah, Mighty and Majestic, does not legislatively will that the believer disbelieve, 141 00:08:46,649 --> 00:08:49,649 nor did He decree or determine it upon him universally. 142 00:08:49,649 --> 00:08:51,840 Third: 143 00:08:51,840 --> 00:08:54,840 One of the two wills may be present while the other is absent, 144 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:56,840 and this occurs in two scenarios: 145 00:08:56,840 --> 00:08:57,840 The first: 146 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:00,840 The absence of faith in a disbeliever: 147 00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:04,840 Allah, Mighty and Majestic, legislatively wills faith from the disbeliever, 148 00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:07,840 yet He did not decree it for him universally, 149 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:11,840 as Nuh (peace be upon him) said to his people: 150 00:09:11,840 --> 00:09:19,840 “My counsel will not profit you if I were minded to advise you, if Allah's will is to keep you astray. He is your Lord and unto Him ye will be brought back.” (11:34) 151 00:09:19,840 --> 00:09:23,940 “My counsel will not profit you if I were minded to advise you, if Allah's will is to keep you astray. He is your Lord and unto Him ye will be brought back.” (11:34) 152 00:09:23,940 --> 00:09:24,940 The second: 153 00:09:24,940 --> 00:09:26,940 The disbelief of the disbeliever: 154 00:09:26,940 --> 00:09:31,940 Allah, Mighty and Majestic, does not legislatively will disbelief from the disbeliever, 155 00:09:31,940 --> 00:09:35,940 yet He decrees it upon him universally. 156 00:09:35,940 --> 00:09:40,100 The will of the servant is subject to the will of Allah: 157 00:09:40,100 --> 00:09:43,120 Allah Almighty said: 158 00:09:43,120 --> 00:09:48,120 “Unto whomsoever of you willeth to walk straight.” (81:28) 159 00:09:48,120 --> 00:09:55,120 “And ye will not, unless (it be) that Allah willeth, the Lord of Creation.” (81:29) 160 00:09:55,120 --> 00:09:57,250 And Allah said: 161 00:09:57,250 --> 00:10:00,250 "So whoever wills may remember it." 162 00:10:00,250 --> 00:10:05,250 “And they will not heed unless Allah willeth (it). He is the fount of fear. He is the fount of Mercy.” (74:56) 163 00:10:05,250 --> 00:10:10,500 Thus, He, Exalted is He, affirmed a real will and volition for the servant, 164 00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:15,500 but made it subordinate to and beneath His own will, Mighty and Majestic; 165 00:10:15,500 --> 00:10:19,500 it cannot come into effect unless Allah wills and intends it, 166 00:10:19,500 --> 00:10:23,500 because He, Exalted is He, is the Creator of the servant and the Creator of his will. 167 00:10:23,500 --> 00:10:27,659 The root of misguidance regarding free will and predestination 168 00:10:27,659 --> 00:10:30,659 is the failure to differentiate between the two types of will, 169 00:10:30,659 --> 00:10:34,659 and the failure to grasp this relationship between them. 170 00:10:34,659 --> 00:10:36,659 Whoever understands this, 171 00:10:36,659 --> 00:10:40,659 his heart finds peace, and he is not bewildered by this issue. 172 00:10:40,659 --> 00:10:45,950 The will of Allah is inextricably linked to His knowledge and wisdom, Mighty and Majestic: 173 00:10:45,950 --> 00:10:54,100 Every believer must be certain that the will of Allah Almighty contains no injustice; 174 00:10:54,100 --> 00:11:02,100 rather, Allah wills and decrees for each individual what He knows they deserve of guidance or misguidance, 175 00:11:02,100 --> 00:11:07,100 executing that upon them in accordance with His wisdom and justice, Mighty and Majestic. 176 00:11:07,100 --> 00:11:09,100 For the words of Allah Almighty: 177 00:11:09,100 --> 00:11:15,100 “And We never sent a messenger save with the language of his folk, that he might make (the message) clear for them. Then Allah sendeth whom He will astray, and guideth whom He will. He is the Mighty, the Wise.” (14:4) 178 00:11:15,100 --> 00:11:17,100 "and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise," 179 00:11:17,100 --> 00:11:22,259 just as they affirm that the will of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, can never be overcome— 180 00:11:22,259 --> 00:11:25,259 which is signified by His saying: 181 00:11:25,259 --> 00:11:27,259 "and He is the Exalted in Might"— 182 00:11:27,259 --> 00:11:32,259 they also affirm that this will is executed in accordance with His wisdom, 183 00:11:32,259 --> 00:11:36,259 which is signified by His saying, "the Wise." 184 00:11:36,259 --> 00:11:40,259 Likewise, the unrestricted mention of will in the verse must be interpreted 185 00:11:40,259 --> 00:11:43,259 in light of other verses that qualify it. 186 00:11:43,259 --> 00:11:47,259 His saying, "Allah sends astray whom He wills," 187 00:11:47,259 --> 00:11:51,259 is explained and qualified by His words: 188 00:11:51,259 --> 00:11:54,259 "and Allah sends astray the wrongdoers." 189 00:11:54,259 --> 00:11:57,259 “Allah confirmeth those who believe by a firm saying in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, and Allah sendeth wrong-doers astray. And Allah doeth what He will.” (14:27) 190 00:11:57,259 --> 00:12:03,259 His will, Exalted is He, is to misguide those whom He knows to be wrongdoers deserving of that, 191 00:12:03,259 --> 00:12:06,259 just as Allah Almighty also said: 192 00:12:06,259 --> 00:12:10,259 “And (remember) when Moses said unto his people: O my people! Why persecute ye me, when ye well know that I am Allah's messenger unto you? So when they went astray Allah sent their hearts astray. And Allah guideth not the evil-living folk.” (61:5) 193 00:12:10,259 --> 00:12:13,259 The same applies regarding guidance: 194 00:12:13,259 --> 00:12:15,259 His saying, Exalted is He: 195 00:12:15,259 --> 00:12:18,259 "and guides whom He wills," 196 00:12:19,259 --> 00:12:21,259 is explained by His words, Mighty and Majestic: 197 00:12:21,259 --> 00:12:24,259 “Those who disbelieve say: If only a portent were sent down upon him from his Lord! Say: Lo! Allah sendeth whom He will astray, and guideth unto Himself all who turn (unto Him),” (13:27) 198 00:12:24,259 --> 00:12:26,259 In conclusion: 199 00:12:26,259 --> 00:12:29,259 Allah, Exalted is He, is All-Wise and All-Knowing; 200 00:12:29,259 --> 00:12:31,259 He does not decree upon anyone 201 00:12:31,259 --> 00:12:33,259 except what was already established in His knowledge, Exalted is He, 202 00:12:33,259 --> 00:12:38,259 that they deserve what He decreed for them of guidance or misguidance. 203 00:12:38,259 --> 00:12:41,259 Through this, the believer remains safe from futile debate 204 00:12:41,259 --> 00:12:44,259 regarding the issue of predestination and free will— 205 00:12:44,259 --> 00:12:46,259 that ancient question 206 00:12:46,259 --> 00:12:51,259 that has been endlessly debated by philosophers in every age. 207 00:12:51,259 --> 00:12:53,519 Divine decree and predestination 208 00:12:53,519 --> 00:12:56,519 is the secret of Allah Almighty within His creation. 209 00:12:56,519 --> 00:13:00,769 The tree of faith in divine decree cannot stand 210 00:13:00,769 --> 00:13:02,769 within the heart of a believing servant 211 00:13:02,769 --> 00:13:04,769 except upon the trunk of total submission 212 00:13:04,769 --> 00:13:07,769 to the fact that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is the Just Judge 213 00:13:07,769 --> 00:13:09,769 Who wrongs no one, 214 00:13:09,769 --> 00:13:11,769 and that His is the profound wisdom 215 00:13:11,769 --> 00:13:14,769 in whatever He decrees within His creation. 216 00:13:14,769 --> 00:13:16,769 And whenever His wisdom is not apparent to us 217 00:13:16,769 --> 00:13:18,769 in what He, Exalted is He, decrees, 218 00:13:18,769 --> 00:13:23,830 it is solely due to our intellects' deficiency in grasping the secrets of His divine decree. 219 00:13:23,830 --> 00:13:26,830 Imam al-Tahawi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 220 00:13:26,830 --> 00:13:28,830 "The origin of divine decree 221 00:13:28,830 --> 00:13:31,830 is the secret of Allah Almighty within His creation; 222 00:13:31,830 --> 00:13:34,830 no angel brought near has been granted access to it, 223 00:13:34,830 --> 00:13:36,830 nor any prophet sent. 224 00:13:36,830 --> 00:13:38,830 Delving deeply into it and obsessively probing it 225 00:13:38,830 --> 00:13:40,830 a cause of abandonment, 226 00:13:40,830 --> 00:13:42,830 a ladder to deprivation, 227 00:13:42,830 --> 00:13:44,830 and a step toward transgression. 228 00:13:44,830 --> 00:13:46,830 Therefore, beware, beware of doing so— 229 00:13:46,830 --> 00:13:49,830 whether through speculation, contemplation, or whispered doubts. 230 00:13:49,830 --> 00:13:52,830 For Allah Almighty has hidden the knowledge of destiny 231 00:13:52,830 --> 00:13:53,830 from His creation, 232 00:13:53,830 --> 00:13:55,830 and forbidden them from seeking it out, 233 00:13:55,830 --> 00:13:58,830 just as He, Exalted is He, said in His Book: 234 00:13:58,830 --> 00:14:00,830 "He is not questioned about what He does, 235 00:14:00,830 --> 00:14:02,830 but they will be questioned." 236 00:14:02,830 --> 00:14:04,830 So whoever asks, "Why did He do [that]?" 237 00:14:04,830 --> 00:14:06,830 has rejected the judgment of the Book, 238 00:14:06,830 --> 00:14:08,830 and whoever rejects the judgment of the Book 239 00:14:08,830 --> 00:14:10,830 is among the disbelievers. 240 00:14:10,830 --> 00:14:12,860 And Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He, 241 00:14:12,860 --> 00:14:14,860 is not questioned about what He does, 242 00:14:14,860 --> 00:14:16,860 because He does not act 243 00:14:16,860 --> 00:14:18,860 except with ultimate wisdom. 244 00:14:18,860 --> 00:14:21,149 Transmitted traditions 245 00:14:21,149 --> 00:14:23,149 on contentment with destiny: 246 00:14:23,149 --> 00:14:25,980 On the authority of Muhammad ibn Ka'b, 247 00:14:25,980 --> 00:14:26,980 he said 248 00:14:26,980 --> 00:14:28,980 that Moses, peace be upon him, said: 249 00:14:28,980 --> 00:14:30,980 "O my Lord, 250 00:14:30,980 --> 00:14:32,980 which of Your creation commits the greatest sin?" 251 00:14:32,980 --> 00:14:33,980 He said: 252 00:14:33,980 --> 00:14:35,980 "The one who doubts Me." 253 00:14:35,980 --> 00:14:37,980 Moses said: 254 00:14:37,980 --> 00:14:38,980 "O my Lord, 255 00:14:38,980 --> 00:14:40,980 does anyone doubt You?" 256 00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:41,980 He said: "Yes, 257 00:14:41,980 --> 00:14:43,980 the one who seeks My guidance (Istikharah), 258 00:14:43,980 --> 00:14:45,980 yet is not pleased with My decree." 259 00:14:45,980 --> 00:14:48,500 Sufyan al-Thawri and 260 00:14:48,500 --> 00:14:50,500 Yusuf ibn Asbat differed 261 00:14:50,500 --> 00:14:52,500 regarding what they would wish for 262 00:14:52,500 --> 00:14:54,500 during times of tribulation. 263 00:14:54,500 --> 00:14:56,500 Sufyan al-Thawri wished 264 00:14:56,500 --> 00:14:58,500 for death to flee from it, 265 00:14:58,500 --> 00:15:00,500 while Yusuf ibn Asbat responded 266 00:15:00,500 --> 00:15:02,500 that he did not dislike a long life, 267 00:15:02,500 --> 00:15:04,500 in the hope that he might be granted success 268 00:15:04,500 --> 00:15:06,500 in repenting or performing righteous deeds. 269 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:08,529 Thereupon, 270 00:15:08,529 --> 00:15:10,529 Wuhayb ibn al-Ward said: 271 00:15:10,529 --> 00:15:12,529 "I choose nothing; 272 00:15:12,529 --> 00:15:14,529 the dearest of that to me 273 00:15:14,529 --> 00:15:16,529 is whichever is dearest to Allah." 274 00:15:16,529 --> 00:15:18,590 So al-Thawri kissed him between 275 00:15:18,590 --> 00:15:20,590 his eyes and said: 276 00:15:20,590 --> 00:15:22,590 "True spirituality, by the Lord of the Ka'bah!" 277 00:15:22,590 --> 00:15:25,100 And among the sayings 278 00:15:25,100 --> 00:15:27,100 of contemporary scholars, 279 00:15:27,100 --> 00:15:29,100 Mustafa al-Siba'i said: 280 00:15:29,100 --> 00:15:31,100 "Perhaps that relief from pain and sickness 281 00:15:31,100 --> 00:15:33,100 which you are hasty to seek 282 00:15:33,100 --> 00:15:35,100 would only expose you to a trial 283 00:15:35,100 --> 00:15:37,100 that is harsher and an affliction that is more severe. 284 00:15:37,100 --> 00:15:39,100 So do not deem 285 00:15:39,100 --> 00:15:41,100 your Lord slow in granting mercy, 286 00:15:41,100 --> 00:15:43,100 for He has promised you what He sees 287 00:15:43,100 --> 00:15:45,100 as a mercy for you, 288 00:15:45,100 --> 00:15:47,100 not what you perceive 289 00:15:47,100 --> 00:15:49,100 to be a mercy; and Allah 290 00:15:49,100 --> 00:15:51,100 knows, while you know not." 291 00:15:51,100 --> 00:15:53,330 Knowing 292 00:15:53,330 --> 00:15:55,330 the Most Beautiful Names of Allah and worshiping Him 293 00:15:55,330 --> 00:15:57,330 through them aids in achieving 294 00:15:57,330 --> 00:16:00,480 contentment with destiny. 295 00:16:00,480 --> 00:16:02,480 Indeed, knowing the Most Beautiful Names of Allah, 296 00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:04,480 their effects, 297 00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:06,480 and their implications in both creation and command, 298 00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:08,480 and worshiping Allah, 299 00:16:08,480 --> 00:16:10,480 Glorified is He, accordingly, 300 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:12,480 assists a person in being content 301 00:16:12,480 --> 00:16:14,480 with the decree and destiny of Allah Almighty, 302 00:16:14,480 --> 00:16:16,480 especially His Most Beautiful 303 00:16:16,480 --> 00:16:18,480 Names: the All-Knowing (al-'Alim), 304 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:20,480 the All-Wise (al-Hakim), 305 00:16:20,480 --> 00:16:22,480 the Most Subtle (al-Latif), the All-Aware (al-Khabir), 306 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:24,480 the Entirely Merciful (al-Rahman), the Especially Merciful (al-Rahim), 307 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:26,480 the Most Kind (al-Ra'uf), 308 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:28,480 and the Most Loving (al-Wadud). 309 00:16:28,480 --> 00:16:30,700 The necessity of keeping the heart free 310 00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:32,700 from objection against those calamities 311 00:16:32,700 --> 00:16:34,700 that cannot be averted: 312 00:16:34,700 --> 00:16:37,820 When calamities and decreed hardships 313 00:16:37,820 --> 00:16:39,820 befall a person 314 00:16:39,820 --> 00:16:41,820 that cannot be repelled, 315 00:16:41,820 --> 00:16:43,820 despite exhausting all possible means, 316 00:16:43,820 --> 00:16:45,820 it is incumbent upon him at that point 317 00:16:45,820 --> 00:16:47,820 to submit to the decree 318 00:16:47,820 --> 00:16:49,820 and destiny of Allah, to bear patiently 319 00:16:49,820 --> 00:16:51,820 what was ordained, and to possess certainty 320 00:16:51,820 --> 00:16:53,820 in His wisdom regarding whatever He ordained and decreed. 321 00:16:53,820 --> 00:16:55,860 People vary 322 00:16:55,860 --> 00:16:57,860 in their response to calamities, 323 00:16:57,860 --> 00:16:59,860 and regarding this, they fall into 324 00:16:59,860 --> 00:17:01,860 four states: 325 00:17:01,860 --> 00:17:03,860 The first is a prohibited 326 00:17:03,860 --> 00:17:05,859 state, which is panic, 327 00:17:05,859 --> 00:17:07,859 discontent, and lack of patience; 328 00:17:07,859 --> 00:17:09,859 this contradicts faith in divine destiny. 329 00:17:09,859 --> 00:17:11,950 The second 330 00:17:11,950 --> 00:17:13,950 is an obligatory state, 331 00:17:13,950 --> 00:17:15,950 which is exercising patience over what has been decreed. 332 00:17:15,950 --> 00:17:17,950 The third 333 00:17:17,950 --> 00:17:19,950 is a recommended state, 334 00:17:19,950 --> 00:17:21,950 which is contentment with this decreed 335 00:17:21,950 --> 00:17:23,950 occurrence and harboring no resentment toward it. 336 00:17:23,950 --> 00:17:25,950 This differs 337 00:17:25,950 --> 00:17:27,950 from being content with the act of decreeing itself, 338 00:17:27,950 --> 00:17:30,079 which is obligatory. 339 00:17:30,079 --> 00:17:32,079 The fourth is the state of perfection, 340 00:17:32,079 --> 00:17:34,079 which is showing gratitude to Allah 341 00:17:34,079 --> 00:17:36,079 for His decree 342 00:17:36,079 --> 00:17:38,079 and what He has decreed. 343 00:17:38,079 --> 00:17:40,400 Contentment with the decree of Allah 344 00:17:40,400 --> 00:17:42,400 which the soul may dislike: 345 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:45,809 That which the human soul 346 00:17:45,809 --> 00:17:47,809 may dislike 347 00:17:47,809 --> 00:17:49,809 is either a legal obligation 348 00:17:49,809 --> 00:17:51,809 or an ordained destiny. 349 00:17:51,809 --> 00:17:53,809 Believers ought 350 00:17:53,809 --> 00:17:55,809 to know that whatever Allah wills 351 00:17:55,809 --> 00:17:57,809 for them, whether by legislation or destiny, 352 00:17:57,809 --> 00:17:59,809 is better for them than if He had not 353 00:17:59,809 --> 00:18:01,809 sent it upon them, 354 00:18:01,809 --> 00:18:03,809 and it is a subtle kindness and benevolence toward them. 355 00:18:03,809 --> 00:18:05,809 For Allah, Glorified is He, is All-Knowing, 356 00:18:05,809 --> 00:18:07,809 All-Aware, 357 00:18:07,809 --> 00:18:09,809 and He is the Most Just of judges 358 00:18:09,809 --> 00:18:11,869 and the Most Merciful of those who show mercy. 359 00:18:11,869 --> 00:18:13,869 Among what Allah has prescribed for the believers, 360 00:18:13,869 --> 00:18:15,869 which they might dislike, 361 00:18:15,869 --> 00:18:17,869 or some of them might dislike, 362 00:18:17,869 --> 00:18:19,869 is jihad in the cause of Allah. 363 00:18:19,869 --> 00:18:21,869 He, Exalted is He, said: 364 00:18:21,869 --> 00:18:23,869 "Fighting has been enjoined upon you 365 00:18:23,869 --> 00:18:25,869 while it is hateful to you. 366 00:18:25,869 --> 00:18:27,869 “Warfare is ordained for you, though it is hateful unto you; but it may happen that ye hate a thing which is good for you, and it may happen that ye love a thing which is bad for you. Allah knoweth, ye know not.” (2:216) 367 00:18:27,869 --> 00:18:29,869 But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; 368 00:18:29,869 --> 00:18:31,869 and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. 369 00:18:31,869 --> 00:18:33,869 And Allah knows, 370 00:18:33,869 --> 00:18:35,869 while you know not." 371 00:18:35,869 --> 00:18:37,869 And the expression of hope ('asa) from Allah 372 00:18:37,869 --> 00:18:39,869 denotes certainty. 373 00:18:39,869 --> 00:18:41,869 So the intended meaning 374 00:18:41,869 --> 00:18:43,869 is that what you dislike 375 00:18:43,869 --> 00:18:45,869 of the hardship of jihad 376 00:18:45,869 --> 00:18:47,869 results in what is good for you, 377 00:18:47,869 --> 00:18:49,869 as you will be victorious, gain spoils, 378 00:18:49,869 --> 00:18:51,869 be rewarded, make the truth prevail, 379 00:18:51,869 --> 00:18:53,869 aid it, 380 00:18:53,869 --> 00:18:55,869 and subdue falsehood and its faction; 381 00:18:55,869 --> 00:18:57,869 and whoever among you is killed 382 00:18:57,869 --> 00:18:59,869 is a martyr. 383 00:18:59,869 --> 00:19:01,869 Conversely, 384 00:19:01,869 --> 00:19:03,869 what you love of ease 385 00:19:03,869 --> 00:19:05,869 and abandoning fighting 386 00:19:05,869 --> 00:19:07,869 results in evil for you, 387 00:19:07,869 --> 00:19:09,869 in that you would be defeated and humiliated, 388 00:19:09,869 --> 00:19:11,970 and your power would vanish. 389 00:19:11,970 --> 00:19:13,970 Contentment with divine legislation 390 00:19:13,970 --> 00:19:15,970 and submission to it is an obligation; 391 00:19:15,970 --> 00:19:17,970 faith cannot be complete without it, 392 00:19:17,970 --> 00:19:19,970 and a believer has no choice in the matter. 393 00:19:19,970 --> 00:19:21,970 He, Exalted is He, said: 394 00:19:21,970 --> 00:19:23,970 "It is not for a believing man 395 00:19:23,970 --> 00:19:25,970 or a believing woman..." 396 00:19:25,970 --> 00:19:27,970 “And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36) 397 00:19:27,970 --> 00:19:29,970 “And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36) 398 00:19:29,970 --> 00:19:32,190 As for innate, instinctive dislike, 399 00:19:32,190 --> 00:19:34,190 coupled with the heart's submission 400 00:19:34,190 --> 00:19:36,190 and obedience to the command, 401 00:19:36,190 --> 00:19:38,190 a person is not held accountable 402 00:19:38,190 --> 00:19:40,420 for it. 403 00:19:40,420 --> 00:19:42,420 And among what Allah may decree 404 00:19:42,420 --> 00:19:44,420 for a believer that he dislikes 405 00:19:44,420 --> 00:19:46,420 is marrying a woman who displays 406 00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:48,420 toward him traits he finds distasteful. 407 00:19:48,420 --> 00:19:50,480 Allah Almighty said regarding that: 408 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:52,480 "And live with them 409 00:19:52,480 --> 00:19:54,480 in kindness. 410 00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:56,480 For if you dislike them— 411 00:19:56,480 --> 00:19:58,480 perhaps you dislike a thing 412 00:19:58,480 --> 00:20:00,480 “O ye who believe! It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen), nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness. But consort with them in kindness, for if ye hate them it may happen that ye hate a thing wherein Allah hath placed much good.” (4:19) 413 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:02,480 and Allah makes therein much good." 414 00:20:02,480 --> 00:20:04,480 Thus He said, 415 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:06,480 "perhaps you dislike a thing," 416 00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:08,480 and He did not say, 417 00:20:08,480 --> 00:20:10,480 "perhaps you dislike a woman." 418 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:12,480 This generalization guides us 419 00:20:12,480 --> 00:20:14,480 to a universal rule 420 00:20:14,480 --> 00:20:16,480 that holds true for all things, 421 00:20:16,480 --> 00:20:18,480 not women alone. 422 00:20:18,480 --> 00:20:20,480 This rule 423 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:22,480 is that some of what a human being dislikes 424 00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:24,480 may contain good for him. 425 00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:26,480 Wise people recognize 426 00:20:26,480 --> 00:20:28,480 the truth of this from life's experiences. 427 00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:30,480 For the Noble Qur'an 428 00:20:30,480 --> 00:20:32,480 It captivates the human soul. 429 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:34,480 so that you may believe. 430 00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:36,480 and to submit concerning matters of the unseen that remain hidden, 431 00:20:36,480 --> 00:20:38,480 after you have exerted every effort 432 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:40,480 Whatever you are able to do within your capacity. 433 00:20:40,480 --> 00:20:42,640 The open, undisguised endeavor 434 00:20:42,640 --> 00:20:44,640 Belief in divine decree (Qadar) 435 00:20:44,640 --> 00:20:47,470 And adopting the necessary means. 436 00:20:47,470 --> 00:20:49,470 It is among the established patterns of Allah, Almighty and Glorious, 437 00:20:49,470 --> 00:20:51,470 In terms of his being 438 00:20:51,470 --> 00:20:53,470 Linking effects to their causes 439 00:20:53,470 --> 00:20:55,470 Whatever decrees unfold upon the earth 440 00:20:55,470 --> 00:20:57,470 In origin, it is 441 00:20:57,470 --> 00:20:59,470 And generally speaking, 442 00:20:59,470 --> 00:21:01,470 It is bound to the causes that necessitate it. 443 00:21:01,470 --> 00:21:03,470 For this reason, he guided us. 444 00:21:03,470 --> 00:21:05,470 Allah commands us to utilize the appropriate means. 445 00:21:05,470 --> 00:21:07,470 In our worldly affairs 446 00:21:07,470 --> 00:21:09,470 And the affairs of our Hereafter. 447 00:21:09,470 --> 00:21:11,470 Just as Allah Almighty says: 448 00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:13,470 to Mary, peace be upon her, when the labor pains drove her. 449 00:21:13,470 --> 00:21:15,470 And shake toward yourself 450 00:21:15,470 --> 00:21:17,470 by the trunk of the palm tree 451 00:21:17,470 --> 00:21:19,470 “And shake the trunk of the palm-tree toward thee, thou wilt cause ripe dates to fall upon thee.” (19:25) 452 00:21:19,470 --> 00:21:21,470 And indeed, it was 453 00:21:21,470 --> 00:21:23,470 Able to send down upon her 454 00:21:23,470 --> 00:21:25,470 Fresh dates without any processing 455 00:21:25,470 --> 00:21:27,500 Among them is: 456 00:21:27,500 --> 00:21:29,500 And He commanded us to take precautions against the enemy. 457 00:21:29,500 --> 00:21:31,500 So he said, 458 00:21:31,500 --> 00:21:33,500 O you who have believed, 459 00:21:33,500 --> 00:21:35,500 "Take your precautions and advance..." 460 00:21:35,500 --> 00:21:37,500 “O ye who believe! Take your precautions, then advance the proven ones, or advance all together.” (4:71) 461 00:21:37,500 --> 00:21:39,500 and He is fully capable. 462 00:21:39,500 --> 00:21:41,500 on the condition that he deal with him on our behalf. 463 00:21:41,500 --> 00:21:43,500 without any effort on our part. 464 00:21:43,500 --> 00:21:45,500 And this applies to our worldly affairs. 465 00:21:45,500 --> 00:21:47,500 The same principle applies to matters of 466 00:21:47,500 --> 00:21:49,500 Our religion. 467 00:21:49,500 --> 00:21:51,500 The Almighty says: 468 00:21:51,500 --> 00:21:53,500 And as for those who have accepted guidance 469 00:21:53,500 --> 00:21:55,500 He increased them in guidance. 470 00:21:55,500 --> 00:21:57,500 And He granted them their piety. 471 00:21:57,500 --> 00:21:59,500 And the Almighty also says: 472 00:21:59,500 --> 00:22:01,500 So when they deviated, 473 00:22:01,500 --> 00:22:03,660 Allah has caused their hearts to deviate. 474 00:22:03,660 --> 00:22:05,660 Then Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, decreed it. 475 00:22:05,660 --> 00:22:07,660 Indeed, among the rewards for a good deed 476 00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:09,660 A good deed is followed by another. 477 00:22:09,660 --> 00:22:11,660 Just as one of the punishments for disobedience 478 00:22:11,660 --> 00:22:13,700 The sin that follows it. 479 00:22:13,700 --> 00:22:15,700 It is for this very reason that 480 00:22:15,700 --> 00:22:17,700 Thus, taking the necessary means is essential. 481 00:22:17,700 --> 00:22:19,700 Or the warding off of harm. 482 00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:21,700 This does not contradict belief in the divine decree. 483 00:22:21,700 --> 00:22:23,700 Rather, it is also a matter of divine decree (qadar). 484 00:22:23,700 --> 00:22:25,700 As 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 485 00:22:25,700 --> 00:22:27,700 May Allah be pleased with him. 486 00:22:27,700 --> 00:22:29,700 At the time he refrained from entering the Levant. 487 00:22:29,700 --> 00:22:31,700 When he learned of the spread 488 00:22:31,700 --> 00:22:33,700 The plague within it. 489 00:22:33,700 --> 00:22:35,700 And it was said to him, "Are you fleeing?" 490 00:22:35,700 --> 00:22:37,700 From the decree of Allah 491 00:22:37,700 --> 00:22:39,700 He said, "Yes." 492 00:22:39,700 --> 00:22:41,700 We flee from the decree of Allah to the decree of Allah. 493 00:22:41,700 --> 00:22:43,789 to the decree of Allah 494 00:22:43,789 --> 00:22:46,140 Agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim. 495 00:22:46,140 --> 00:22:48,140 Taking the necessary means. 496 00:22:48,140 --> 00:22:50,849 This does not mean becoming attached to them. 497 00:22:50,849 --> 00:22:52,849 Taking the necessary means. 498 00:22:52,849 --> 00:22:54,849 Based on the fact that one of the established ways of Allah 499 00:22:54,849 --> 00:22:56,849 The connection of effects to their causes. 500 00:22:56,849 --> 00:22:58,849 This does not mean attachment. 501 00:22:58,849 --> 00:23:00,849 through it, and by dedicating oneself entirely to Him. 502 00:23:00,849 --> 00:23:02,849 without the belief that 503 00:23:02,849 --> 00:23:04,849 The realization of the matter is by the will of Allah. 504 00:23:04,849 --> 00:23:06,849 Allah and His wisdom. 505 00:23:06,849 --> 00:23:08,849 That is to say, one should not believe 506 00:23:08,849 --> 00:23:10,849 Someone might say that as long as he has already 507 00:23:10,849 --> 00:23:12,849 He took the necessary means. 508 00:23:12,849 --> 00:23:14,849 It is inevitable that what He has willed must come to pass. 509 00:23:14,849 --> 00:23:16,849 without any need for the will of Allah 510 00:23:16,849 --> 00:23:18,849 In that regard 511 00:23:18,849 --> 00:23:20,849 This state of being preoccupied with worldly means 512 00:23:20,849 --> 00:23:22,849 In that form, it is considered shirk. 513 00:23:22,849 --> 00:23:24,849 Just as turning away 514 00:23:24,849 --> 00:23:26,849 regarding the causes in their entirety. 515 00:23:26,849 --> 00:23:28,849 It is a disparagement of the Shari'ah. 516 00:23:28,849 --> 00:23:30,849 And to deny their influence is contrary to the truth. 517 00:23:30,849 --> 00:23:32,849 For the intellect 518 00:23:32,849 --> 00:23:34,849 For causes have an effect upon their consequences. 519 00:23:34,849 --> 00:23:36,849 However, from that point onward 520 00:23:36,849 --> 00:23:38,849 The will and decree of Allah. 521 00:23:38,849 --> 00:23:40,849 Just as the servant has 522 00:23:40,849 --> 00:23:42,849 Divine will and decree. 523 00:23:42,849 --> 00:23:44,849 After the will of Allah. 524 00:23:44,849 --> 00:23:47,680 And His will. 525 00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:49,680 The absolute freedom of the Divine Will. 526 00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:51,680 And the stability of the universal laws established by Allah. 527 00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:54,700 Taking the necessary means. 528 00:23:54,700 --> 00:23:56,700 While remaining unattached to them. 529 00:23:56,700 --> 00:23:58,700 It is built upon the realization 530 00:23:58,700 --> 00:24:00,700 The absolute freedom of the Divine Will. 531 00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:02,700 Which may tear through. 532 00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:04,700 The constancy of the universal laws established by Allah. 533 00:24:04,700 --> 00:24:06,700 For a wisdom known only to Allah. 534 00:24:06,700 --> 00:24:08,700 Allah, glorified and exalted is He, is All-Powerful. 535 00:24:08,700 --> 00:24:10,700 Whenever He wills and however He wills. 536 00:24:10,700 --> 00:24:12,700 That he should violate these established practices of the Sunnah. 537 00:24:12,700 --> 00:24:14,700 For He is the Accomplisher of whatever He wills. 538 00:24:14,700 --> 00:24:16,700 And He is over all things capable. 539 00:24:16,700 --> 00:24:18,700 He is capable of all things. 540 00:24:18,700 --> 00:24:20,700 For Allah has forbidden the Fire. 541 00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:22,700 That the fire should burn Ibrahim, peace be upon him. 542 00:24:22,700 --> 00:24:24,700 Contrary to the established consensus. 543 00:24:24,700 --> 00:24:26,700 This is the universal law of Allah. 544 00:24:26,700 --> 00:24:28,769 Allah the Exalted says: 545 00:24:28,769 --> 00:24:30,769 “We said: O fire, be coolness and peace for Abraham,” (21:69) 546 00:24:30,769 --> 00:24:32,769 A coolness and peace upon 547 00:24:32,769 --> 00:24:34,799 Ibrahim 548 00:24:34,799 --> 00:24:36,799 And Allah granted provision to Zakariyya, peace be upon him. 549 00:24:36,799 --> 00:24:38,799 Yahya, peace be upon him. 550 00:24:38,799 --> 00:24:40,799 Despite his advanced age. 551 00:24:41,799 --> 00:24:43,799 Allah the Almighty says: 552 00:24:55,799 --> 00:24:57,930 In summary, 553 00:24:57,930 --> 00:24:59,930 The believer ought to take 554 00:24:59,930 --> 00:25:01,930 by whatever means he is able to employ. 555 00:25:01,930 --> 00:25:03,930 And he attaches his hope thereafter 556 00:25:03,930 --> 00:25:05,930 That is by Allah alone. 557 00:25:05,930 --> 00:25:07,930 Thus, he becomes balanced in that regard. 558 00:25:07,930 --> 00:25:09,930 Between those who are excessive in their scrutiny 559 00:25:09,930 --> 00:25:11,930 regarding the constancy of the universal laws established by Allah. 560 00:25:11,930 --> 00:25:13,930 And its inevitability. 561 00:25:13,930 --> 00:25:15,930 And its inherent inability to fail or be left unfulfilled. 562 00:25:15,930 --> 00:25:17,930 in any state, and whoever is negligent 563 00:25:17,930 --> 00:25:19,930 Regarding the necessity of taking practical means. 564 00:25:19,930 --> 00:25:21,930 claiming that he relies upon 565 00:25:21,930 --> 00:25:23,930 The will of Allah and its absolute freedom. 566 00:25:23,930 --> 00:25:25,930 An example of that moderation 567 00:25:25,930 --> 00:25:27,930 What the Muslims accomplished. 568 00:25:27,930 --> 00:25:29,930 During the Battle of Badr 569 00:25:29,930 --> 00:25:31,930 Where they adopted what they were capable of. 570 00:25:31,930 --> 00:25:33,930 by means of the causes available to him. 571 00:25:33,930 --> 00:25:35,930 They exhausted all their efforts in that regard. 572 00:25:35,930 --> 00:25:37,930 And they attached their hope to Allah. 573 00:25:37,930 --> 00:25:39,930 So He, glory be to Him, reinforced them with the angels. 574 00:25:39,930 --> 00:25:41,930 Those whom He established. 575 00:25:41,930 --> 00:25:43,930 From the victory, despite 576 00:25:43,930 --> 00:25:45,930 Their limited numbers and meager equipment. 577 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:47,930 He is the one who opposes. 578 00:25:47,930 --> 00:25:49,930 According to what is customary in the view of people. 579 00:25:49,930 --> 00:25:51,930 Allah the Almighty says: 580 00:25:51,930 --> 00:25:53,930 When you were calling upon your Lord for help 581 00:25:53,930 --> 00:25:55,930 So He answered you. 582 00:25:55,930 --> 00:25:57,930 I will reinforce you with a thousand. 583 00:25:57,930 --> 00:25:59,930 with the angels arriving in succession 584 00:25:59,930 --> 00:26:02,410 Two forms. 585 00:26:02,410 --> 00:26:04,410 regarding the deviation in understanding 586 00:26:04,410 --> 00:26:07,430 The Divine Decree 587 00:26:07,430 --> 00:26:09,430 Firstly, 588 00:26:09,430 --> 00:26:11,430 Using the divine decree as an excuse for one's actions. 589 00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:13,430 Acts of disobedience and disbelief. 590 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:15,430 And the Almighty has said concerning them: 591 00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:17,430 Those who associated partners with Allah will say 592 00:26:17,430 --> 00:26:19,430 “They who are idolaters will say: Had Allah willed, we had not ascribed (unto Him) partners neither had our fathers, nor had we forbidden aught. Thus did those who were before them give the lie (to Allah's messengers) till they tasted of the fear of Us. Say: Have ye any knowledge that ye can adduce for Us? Lo! ye follow naught but an opinion, Lo! ye do but guess.” (6:148) 593 00:26:19,430 --> 00:26:21,430 Nor our forefathers. 594 00:26:21,430 --> 00:26:23,430 “They who are idolaters will say: Had Allah willed, we had not ascribed (unto Him) partners neither had our fathers, nor had we forbidden aught. Thus did those who were before them give the lie (to Allah's messengers) till they tasted of the fear of Us. Say: Have ye any knowledge that ye can adduce for Us? Lo! ye follow naught but an opinion, Lo! ye do but guess.” (6:148) 595 00:26:23,430 --> 00:26:25,430 Likewise, they denied. 596 00:26:25,430 --> 00:26:27,430 those who were before them 597 00:26:27,430 --> 00:26:29,430 until they tasted Our might. 598 00:26:29,430 --> 00:26:31,430 Say, "Do you have any [proof]?" 599 00:26:31,430 --> 00:26:33,430 “They who are idolaters will say: Had Allah willed, we had not ascribed (unto Him) partners neither had our fathers, nor had we forbidden aught. Thus did those who were before them give the lie (to Allah's messengers) till they tasted of the fear of Us. Say: Have ye any knowledge that ye can adduce for Us? Lo! ye follow naught but an opinion, Lo! ye do but guess.” (6:148) 600 00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:35,430 You are only following 601 00:26:35,430 --> 00:26:37,430 except for conjecture. 602 00:26:37,430 --> 00:26:39,430 “They who are idolaters will say: Had Allah willed, we had not ascribed (unto Him) partners neither had our fathers, nor had we forbidden aught. Thus did those who were before them give the lie (to Allah's messengers) till they tasted of the fear of Us. Say: Have ye any knowledge that ye can adduce for Us? Lo! ye follow naught but an opinion, Lo! ye do but guess.” (6:148) 603 00:26:39,430 --> 00:26:41,430 Then Allah proved them to be liars. 604 00:26:41,430 --> 00:26:43,430 regarding that claim of theirs 605 00:26:43,430 --> 00:26:45,430 These individuals and those like them. 606 00:26:45,430 --> 00:26:47,430 They are arrogant and contradictory. 607 00:26:47,430 --> 00:26:49,430 regarding their claim 608 00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:51,430 And they are unable to apply it consistently in every case. 609 00:26:51,430 --> 00:26:53,430 He commanded, so if 610 00:26:53,430 --> 00:26:55,430 Someone among them committed an offense against them by striking them. 611 00:26:55,430 --> 00:26:57,430 Or the usurpation of a right. 612 00:26:57,430 --> 00:26:59,430 Then he presented as an argument against them that this was indeed the case. 613 00:26:59,430 --> 00:27:01,430 The necessity of belief in divine decree and predestination. 614 00:27:01,430 --> 00:27:03,430 They did not accept that from him. 615 00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:05,430 Rather, they will be even more angered by him. 616 00:27:05,430 --> 00:27:07,430 Anger, and they will defend [the truth]. 617 00:27:07,430 --> 00:27:09,430 Regarding their usurped rights. 618 00:27:09,430 --> 00:27:11,430 How truly astonishing it is! 619 00:27:11,430 --> 00:27:13,430 How can they use the concept of divine decree as an argument to justify their acts of disobedience? 620 00:27:13,430 --> 00:27:15,430 And that which incurs the displeasure of Allah. 621 00:27:15,430 --> 00:27:17,430 And they are not satisfied with anyone 622 00:27:17,430 --> 00:27:19,430 That it be used as evidence in opposition to 623 00:27:19,430 --> 00:27:21,430 Their displeasure with him for what he errs in. 624 00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:23,819 upon them. 625 00:27:23,819 --> 00:27:25,819 Secondly, intellectual stagnation. 626 00:27:25,819 --> 00:27:27,819 And the false reliance upon Allah (tawakkul). 627 00:27:27,819 --> 00:27:29,819 Where some of the Muslims adopted 628 00:27:29,819 --> 00:27:31,819 In the later eras. 629 00:27:31,819 --> 00:27:33,819 a flimsy justification 630 00:27:33,819 --> 00:27:35,819 due to their incapacity and collapse. 631 00:27:35,819 --> 00:27:37,819 And their acceptance of corruption. 632 00:27:37,819 --> 00:27:39,819 and humiliation, 633 00:27:39,819 --> 00:27:41,819 forgetting that the decrees of Allah 634 00:27:41,819 --> 00:27:43,819 are fundamentally operative upon them 635 00:27:43,819 --> 00:27:45,819 in accordance with the established Sunnah of Allah, 636 00:27:45,819 --> 00:27:47,819 which links outcomes 637 00:27:47,819 --> 00:27:49,849 to their causes. 638 00:27:49,849 --> 00:27:51,849 Thus, this helplessness and fatalism 639 00:27:51,849 --> 00:27:53,849 became the primary gateway 640 00:27:53,849 --> 00:27:55,849 for secular thought to infiltrate 641 00:27:55,849 --> 00:27:57,849 the reality of the Ummah 642 00:27:57,849 --> 00:27:59,849 and seize control of its 643 00:27:59,849 --> 00:28:01,849 affairs. 644 00:28:01,849 --> 00:28:03,849 Malik Ibn Nabi termed 645 00:28:03,849 --> 00:28:05,849 this helplessness and acceptance of subjugation 646 00:28:05,849 --> 00:28:07,849 "colonizability," 647 00:28:07,849 --> 00:28:09,849 while Mawdudi termed it 648 00:28:09,849 --> 00:28:11,849 "enslavability." 649 00:28:11,849 --> 00:28:13,910 There is no doubt that the truth 650 00:28:13,910 --> 00:28:15,910 in this matter 651 00:28:15,910 --> 00:28:17,910 is as we mentioned before: 652 00:28:17,910 --> 00:28:19,910 a balance between working 653 00:28:19,910 --> 00:28:21,910 with all one's might to avert what is feared, 654 00:28:21,910 --> 00:28:23,910 until we reach 655 00:28:23,910 --> 00:28:25,910 the limit of our capacity, 656 00:28:25,910 --> 00:28:27,910 and then submitting to what 657 00:28:27,910 --> 00:28:29,910 Allah decrees, out of our faith in Him. 658 00:28:29,910 --> 00:28:31,910 This means employing 659 00:28:31,910 --> 00:28:33,910 the causes that Allah has harnessed for us, 660 00:28:33,910 --> 00:28:35,910 and warding off 661 00:28:35,910 --> 00:28:37,910 the decrees of Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, with His other decrees, 662 00:28:37,910 --> 00:28:39,910 as long as there is 663 00:28:39,910 --> 00:28:41,910 a possibility of warding them off, 664 00:28:41,910 --> 00:28:43,910 just as the Almighty said: 665 00:28:43,910 --> 00:28:45,910 "And were it not for Allah checking the people, 666 00:28:45,910 --> 00:28:47,910 some by means of others, 667 00:28:47,910 --> 00:28:49,910 the earth would surely be corrupted," 668 00:28:49,910 --> 00:28:51,910 “So they routed them by Allah's leave and David slew Goliath; and Allah gave him the kingdom and wisdom, and taught him of that which He willeth. And if Allah had not repelled some men by others the earth would have been corrupted. But Allah is a Lord of Kindness to (His) creatures.” (2:251) 669 00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:53,910 for the worlds. 670 00:28:53,910 --> 00:28:55,910 So, if warding off the harm 671 00:28:55,910 --> 00:28:57,910 is not possible, 672 00:28:57,910 --> 00:28:59,910 then the duty is to be patient with the decree of Allah 673 00:28:59,910 --> 00:29:01,910 and His predestination, with the certainty 674 00:29:01,910 --> 00:29:03,910 that behind it lies goodness, 675 00:29:03,910 --> 00:29:05,910 benefit, and mercy, 676 00:29:05,910 --> 00:29:07,910 which one should strive to seek out, 677 00:29:07,910 --> 00:29:09,910 harness for goodness and reform, 678 00:29:09,910 --> 00:29:11,910 and change the conditions of 679 00:29:11,910 --> 00:29:13,910 people by holding one's own soul to account, 680 00:29:13,910 --> 00:29:15,910 and removing the causes of the calamity, 681 00:29:15,910 --> 00:29:17,910 in belief of the statement of 682 00:29:17,910 --> 00:29:19,910 Allah the Almighty: 683 00:29:19,910 --> 00:29:21,910 “For him are angels ranged before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah's command. Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change that which is in their hearts; and if Allah willeth misfortune for a folk there is none that can repel it, nor have they a defender beside Him.” (13:11) 684 00:29:21,910 --> 00:29:23,910 “For him are angels ranged before him and behind him, who guard him by Allah's command. Lo! Allah changeth not the condition of a folk until they (first) change that which is in their hearts; and if Allah willeth misfortune for a folk there is none that can repel it, nor have they a defender beside Him.” (13:11) 685 00:29:23,910 --> 00:29:25,910 what is within themselves. 686 00:29:25,910 --> 00:29:27,940 Thus, it becomes clearly evident 687 00:29:27,940 --> 00:29:29,940 the difference between reliance (tawakkul) 688 00:29:29,940 --> 00:29:31,940 and fatalism (tawakul). 689 00:29:31,940 --> 00:29:33,940 For reliance 690 00:29:33,940 --> 00:29:35,940 is the action of the heart and its servitude, 691 00:29:35,940 --> 00:29:37,940 depending on Allah, trusting 692 00:29:37,940 --> 00:29:39,940 in Him, turning 693 00:29:39,940 --> 00:29:41,940 to Him, delegating matters 694 00:29:41,940 --> 00:29:43,940 to Him, and being content with what He decrees, 695 00:29:43,940 --> 00:29:45,940 while the person still performs the causes 696 00:29:45,940 --> 00:29:47,940 that have been commanded. 697 00:29:47,940 --> 00:29:49,940 Fatalism is helplessness, 698 00:29:49,940 --> 00:29:51,940 the abandonment of causes, 699 00:29:51,940 --> 00:29:53,940 and negligence regarding them, 700 00:29:53,940 --> 00:29:55,940 under the pretense that it is reliance 701 00:29:55,940 --> 00:29:57,940 and belief in the divine decree. 702 00:29:57,940 --> 00:30:00,170 The nullifiers of 703 00:30:00,170 --> 00:30:03,160 belief in the divine decree: 704 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:05,160 First: 705 00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:07,160 Denying the decree and disbelieving in it, 706 00:30:07,160 --> 00:30:09,160 by denying that Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 707 00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:11,160 knew things before they occurred, 708 00:30:11,160 --> 00:30:13,160 or that He recorded them. 709 00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:15,380 Second: 710 00:30:15,380 --> 00:30:17,380 Treating the decree lightly, 711 00:30:17,380 --> 00:30:19,380 mocking it, 712 00:30:19,380 --> 00:30:21,380 or ridiculing it, even if one does not deny it. 713 00:30:21,380 --> 00:30:23,609 Third: 714 00:30:23,609 --> 00:30:25,609 Opposing Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 715 00:30:25,609 --> 00:30:27,609 in His decrees, 716 00:30:27,609 --> 00:30:29,609 or believing that they are in vain 717 00:30:29,609 --> 00:30:31,740 and purposeless. 718 00:30:31,740 --> 00:30:33,740 Fourth: 719 00:30:33,740 --> 00:30:35,740 Believing that the decreeing of calamities 720 00:30:35,740 --> 00:30:37,740 by Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, upon His servants 721 00:30:37,740 --> 00:30:39,740 is an injustice to them; 722 00:30:39,740 --> 00:30:41,859 exalted is Allah far above that. 723 00:30:41,859 --> 00:30:43,859 Fifth: 724 00:30:43,859 --> 00:30:45,859 Believing that Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 725 00:30:45,859 --> 00:30:47,859 is pleased with the acts of disobedience and polytheism 726 00:30:47,859 --> 00:30:49,859 that occur from the servant, 727 00:30:49,859 --> 00:30:52,279 which He has decreed upon me. 728 00:30:52,279 --> 00:30:54,279 Regarding the fruits of belief in the divine decree: 729 00:30:54,279 --> 00:30:57,400 The most important fruits of belief 730 00:30:57,400 --> 00:30:59,400 in the divine decree 731 00:30:59,400 --> 00:31:01,400 are summarized as follows: 732 00:31:01,400 --> 00:31:03,400 First: 733 00:31:03,400 --> 00:31:05,400 Magnifying Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 734 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:07,400 and revering Him, 735 00:31:07,400 --> 00:31:09,400 because belief in the decree manifests 736 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:11,400 the Beautiful Names and Sublime Attributes of Allah, 737 00:31:11,400 --> 00:31:13,400 such as Knowledge, Wisdom, 738 00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:15,400 Creation, Power, 739 00:31:15,400 --> 00:31:17,500 Might, and the subjugation of all things. 740 00:31:17,500 --> 00:31:19,500 Second: 741 00:31:19,500 --> 00:31:21,500 Contentment when calamities befall, 742 00:31:21,500 --> 00:31:23,500 because when the servant knows 743 00:31:23,500 --> 00:31:25,500 that what struck him could not 744 00:31:25,500 --> 00:31:27,500 have missed him, and what missed him 745 00:31:27,500 --> 00:31:29,500 could not have struck him, 746 00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:31,529 he is content and submits. 747 00:31:31,529 --> 00:31:33,529 Third: 748 00:31:33,529 --> 00:31:35,529 Tranquility of the soul and its peace 749 00:31:35,529 --> 00:31:37,529 when facing events, 750 00:31:37,529 --> 00:31:39,529 both good and bad, 751 00:31:39,529 --> 00:31:41,529 so it does not panic with the kind of panic 752 00:31:41,529 --> 00:31:43,529 that leads to regret 753 00:31:43,529 --> 00:31:45,529 in times of distress, 754 00:31:45,529 --> 00:31:47,529 nor does it rejoice with arrogant joy. 755 00:31:47,529 --> 00:31:49,529 The Almighty said: 756 00:31:49,529 --> 00:31:51,529 "No calamity befalls 757 00:31:51,529 --> 00:31:53,529 “Naught of disaster befalleth in the earth or in yourselves but it is in a Book before we bring it into being - Lo! that is easy for Allah -” (57:22) 758 00:31:53,529 --> 00:31:55,529 except it is in a Book 759 00:31:55,529 --> 00:31:57,529 before We 760 00:31:57,529 --> 00:31:59,529 bring it into being; 761 00:31:59,529 --> 00:32:01,529 indeed, that is easy for Allah. 762 00:32:01,529 --> 00:32:03,529 In order that you may not despair 763 00:32:03,529 --> 00:32:05,529 over what has escaped you, 764 00:32:05,529 --> 00:32:07,529 “That ye grieve not for the sake of that which hath escaped you, nor yet exult because of that which hath been given. Allah loveth not all prideful boasters,” (57:23) 765 00:32:07,529 --> 00:32:09,529 and Allah does not 766 00:32:09,529 --> 00:32:11,529 love every self-deluded 767 00:32:11,529 --> 00:32:13,690 boaster." 768 00:32:13,690 --> 00:32:15,690 Fourth: Proceeding 769 00:32:15,690 --> 00:32:17,690 on the path to Allah 770 00:32:17,690 --> 00:32:19,690 without confusion, anxiety, 771 00:32:19,690 --> 00:32:21,690 resentment toward obstacles, 772 00:32:21,690 --> 00:32:23,690 hardships, 773 00:32:23,690 --> 00:32:25,690 despair of Allah's aid, 774 00:32:25,690 --> 00:32:27,690 or His support, 775 00:32:27,690 --> 00:32:29,690 nor fear of losing one's way 776 00:32:29,690 --> 00:32:31,849 or the loss of one's reward. 777 00:32:31,849 --> 00:32:33,849 Fifth: 778 00:32:33,849 --> 00:32:35,849 The soundness of the heart from hatred and envy, 779 00:32:35,849 --> 00:32:37,849 for they are, in reality, 780 00:32:37,849 --> 00:32:39,849 an opposition to the decree of Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 781 00:32:39,849 --> 00:32:41,849 regarding the blessings He decrees 782 00:32:41,849 --> 00:32:43,849 for His servants. 783 00:32:43,849 --> 00:32:45,940 6. 784 00:32:45,940 --> 00:32:47,940 Safety from the misguidance 785 00:32:47,940 --> 00:32:49,940 that has afflicted some 786 00:32:49,940 --> 00:32:51,940 deviant sects regarding the issue of the divine decree, 787 00:32:51,940 --> 00:32:53,940 such as the Qadariyyah and the Jabriyyah, 788 00:32:53,940 --> 00:32:55,940 those misguidances 789 00:32:55,940 --> 00:32:57,940 that negatively affect 790 00:32:57,940 --> 00:32:59,940 the deeds of their followers 791 00:32:59,940 --> 00:33:01,980 and their conduct. 792 00:33:01,980 --> 00:33:03,980 7. 793 00:33:03,980 --> 00:33:05,980 Exerting effort in righteous deeds 794 00:33:05,980 --> 00:33:07,980 and fleeing from the decrees of Allah 795 00:33:07,980 --> 00:33:09,980 that He is not pleased with, 796 00:33:09,980 --> 00:33:11,980 toward the decrees that He is pleased with. 797 00:33:11,980 --> 00:33:14,140 8. 798 00:33:14,140 --> 00:33:16,140 Asking Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 799 00:33:16,140 --> 00:33:18,140 for guidance and steadfastness, 800 00:33:18,140 --> 00:33:20,140 and fearing the deviation of the heart 801 00:33:20,140 --> 00:33:22,140 and the slipping of the foot, 802 00:33:22,140 --> 00:33:24,140 for no one is infallible from that. 803 00:33:24,140 --> 00:33:26,140 “Save him on whom Allah hath mercy. Lo! He is the Mighty, the Merciful.” (44:42) 804 00:33:26,140 --> 00:33:28,329 So He guided him and made him steadfast. 805 00:33:28,329 --> 00:33:30,329 9. 806 00:33:30,329 --> 00:33:32,329 Sincere reliance upon Allah, Mighty and Majestic is He, 807 00:33:32,329 --> 00:33:34,329 and turning to Him alone. 808 00:33:34,329 --> 00:33:37,029 Summary of the concepts of 809 00:33:37,029 --> 00:33:39,029 Ahl al-Sunnah.