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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Ifadah Center

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for Humanities Studies and Research

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presents:

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An Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari.

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The Book of Menstruation.

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Chapter: How Menstruation First Began.

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On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:

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"We set out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) during the months of Hajj,

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and during the sacred season of Hajj,

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and we camped at Sarif."

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She said:

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"He went out to his Companions and said:

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'Whoever among you does not have a sacrificial animal (hady) with him,

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and wishes to make it an 'Umrah, let him do so;

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but whoever has a sacrificial animal with him should not.'"

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In another narration:

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"Had I known beforehand what I came to know later,

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I would not have brought the sacrificial animal,

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and I would have exited ihram along with the people when they exited it."

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She said:

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"So among his Companions, there were those who adopted this concession and those who refrained."

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She said:

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"As for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and some men among his Companions,

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they were people of means,

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and they had sacrificial animals with them,

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so they were unable to perform 'Umrah."

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She said:

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"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) entered upon me while I was weeping.

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He said:

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'What makes you weep, O little one?'

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I said:

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'I heard what you said to your Companions,

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and I have been prevented from performing 'Umrah.'

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He said:

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'What is the matter with you?'

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She said:

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'I cannot pray [due to menses].'

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He said:

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'That will not harm you.

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You are merely one of the daughters of Adam;

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Allah has ordained for you what He has ordained for them.

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So continue with your Hajj rites.'"

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In another narration:

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"'Abandon your 'Umrah,

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undo your hair,

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comb it, and enter ihram for Hajj.'

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And in another narration:

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'Cast off your 'Umrah.'

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And in another narration:

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'Perform all that a pilgrim performs,

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except that you do not circumambulate the House,

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and may Allah grant you that 'Umrah later.'

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In another narration:

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'Wait;

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then, when you become pure, go out to al-Tan'im,

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enter ihram for 'Umrah,

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and meet us at such-and-such a place.

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However, its reward is in proportion to your expenditure or your exertion.'

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And in another narration:

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She said:

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'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sacrificed cattle on behalf of his wives.'

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She said:

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'So we proceeded with his Hajj

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until we reached Mina,

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where I became pure.

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Then I departed from Mina

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and performed the Ifadah circumambulation around the House.'

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She said:

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'Then I departed with him on the final day of departure (an-Nafr al-Akhir)

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until he camped at al-Muhassab,

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and we camped with him.

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He summoned 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr

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and said:

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'Take your sister outside the sacred precinct (Haram),

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let her enter ihram for 'Umrah,

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and when you both finish,

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come to this place,

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for I will wait for you both until you return to me.'

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She said:

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'So we set out,

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and when I had finished

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and completed the circumambulation,

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I returned to him in the late hours of the night before dawn.'

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He asked:

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'Have you finished?'

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I said: 'Yes.'

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In another narration:

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'And there was no requirement in any of that for a sacrificial animal, charity, or fasting.'

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Then he announced the departure among his Companions,

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so the people set out,

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and he passed by [the Ka'bah] heading toward Medina."

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In another narration:

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She said:

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"Those who had entered ihram for 'Umrah circumambulated the House

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and walked between al-Safa and al-Marwah,

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and then exited ihram.

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They then performed another circumambulation after returning from Mina.

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As for those who combined Hajj and 'Umrah (Qiran),

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they performed only a single circumambulation."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"At Sarif":

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It is a place near Mecca.

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"Hady":

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That is, the livestock driven as an offering to Mecca.

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"So they were unable to perform 'Umrah":

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Meaning, it was not permissible for them to do so.

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"Ya hantah":

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An expression meaning: "O you,"

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used without implying either praise or blame.

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"And I have been prevented from performing 'Umrah":

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She wished to perform 'Umrah,

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but was prevented by menstruation.

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"I cannot pray":

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That is, on account of menstruation.

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"That will not harm you":

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Meaning, it causes you no detriment,

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derived from "darar" (harm).

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"Allah has ordained for you what He has ordained for them":

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That is, of menstruation.

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"And may Allah grant you that 'Umrah later":

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Meaning, the 'Umrah.

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"Where I became pure":

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That is, from menstruation.

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"And performed the Ifadah circumambulation around the House":

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Meaning: I performed the Ifadah Tawaf around the Ka'bah.

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"On the final day of departure (an-Nafr al-Akhir)":

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It is the thirteenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah.

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"Until he camped at al-Muhassab":

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Al-Abtah, al-Muhassab, and Khayf Bani Kinanah

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all refer to a single location,

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situated between Mecca and Mina.

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"Take your sister outside the sacred precinct (Haram)":

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He took her out to al-Tan'im,

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which is a place located one parasang from Mecca

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along the road to Medina,

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where the Mosque of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) stands today.

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"Let her enter ihram for 'Umrah":

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Meaning, let her assume ihram for 'Umrah.

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"Anzurukuma":

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Meaning: I will wait for the two of you.

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"Then I returned to him in the late hours of the night before dawn":

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Al-Sahar refers to the time shortly before the true dawn.

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"And undo your hair":

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Meaning, the hair of your head.

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"Cast off your 'Umrah":

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Meaning: abandon your 'Umrah rites.

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"Have you finished?":

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That is, from the pilgrimage rites.

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"Then he announced the departure":

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Meaning, he notified the people.

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"And he passed by heading toward Medina":

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Meaning, he passed by the House on his way toward Medina.

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Key Benefits Derived from the Hadith:

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Among the lessons drawn from this hadith are:

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The permissibility of weeping when one is impeded from performing acts of worship;

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that menstruation precludes ritual prayer and circumambulating the House;

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the permissibility of a man sacrificing a single cow on behalf of all his wives;

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the permissibility of a man offering a sacrifice on behalf of his wife;

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the observance of proper etiquette and gracious companionship;

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that whoever is within Mecca and intends to perform 'Umrah must assume ihram from the non-sacred area (al-Hill);

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the permissibility of a man traveling with his wives;

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the permissibility of aspiring to lofty matters

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that involve obedience to Allah, the Exalted and Glorious;

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and that hardship brings about ease,

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as shown by his statement (peace be upon him):

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"That will not harm you."

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Furthermore, al-Bukhari's chapter headings for this hadith

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reflect many of his juridical preferences regarding the rulings of Hajj,

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so let the student ponder them.

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Chapter: A Menstruating Woman Washing and Combing Her Husband's Hair.

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On the authority of 'Urwah,

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who was asked:

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"May a menstruating woman serve me,

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or may a woman approach me while she is in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah)?"

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'Urwah replied:

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"All of that is inconsequential to me,

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and in all such states she may serve me;

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there is no harm in that for anyone.

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'A'ishah informed me

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that she used to comb

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the hair of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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while she was menstruating,

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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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would be secluded in i'tikaf in the mosque at the time;

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he would lean his head toward her

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while she remained in her chamber,

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and she would comb his hair while menstruating."

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In another narration:

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"And he would not enter the house except to relieve a need

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whenever he was in i'tikaf."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Approach me":

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Meaning, come near me.

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"All of that":

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Meaning, whether menstruating or in major ritual impurity.

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"Is inconsequential to me":

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Meaning: it is completely permissible and uncomplicated for me.

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and no one is at fault for doing so;

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meaning there is no blame in being served by a menstruating woman.

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"She combs":

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meaning she grooms and styles his hair.

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"Observing i'tikaf":

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meaning remaining in seclusion in the mosque.

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"He would bring his head near to her":

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meaning he would draw his head close to 'A'ishah.

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Derived from this hadith:

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the permissibility of a menstruating woman serving her husband;

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the permissibility for men to groom and comb their hair

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and engage in similar forms of proper grooming;

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and that a menstruating woman does not enter the mosque,

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out of veneration and keeping it purified.

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It also establishes the ritual purity of the menstruating woman's body,

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apart from the site of bleeding.

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Furthermore, the hadith shows

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that the physical intimacy prohibited for the person in i'tikaf

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is strictly sexual intercourse.

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It also contains an analogy comparing one in major ritual impurity to a menstruating woman

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regarding physical closeness and being served,

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because both share the state of major ritual impurity.

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Chapter: A Man Reciting in His Wife's Lap

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While She Is Menstruating.

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On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said:

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"The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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used to recite the Qur'an

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with his head resting in my lap

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while I was menstruating."

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Commentary on the hadith:

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"My lap" refers to her bosom or lap.

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Among the benefits of this hadith:

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it is derived from the hadith

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that the body of a menstruating woman is ritually pure,

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except for the site of bleeding;

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and it indicates the permissibility of a menstruating woman listening to the Qur'an.

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Chapter: Calling Postnatal Bleeding Menstruation,

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and Menstruation Postnatal Bleeding.

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On the authority of Zaynab bint Abi Salamah,

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that Umm Salamah said:

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"My menses began while I was lying with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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under a plush wool blanket,

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so I slipped away and stepped out from it,

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took my menstruation garments, and put them on.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to me:

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'Has your bleeding begun?'

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I said, 'Yes.'

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So he called me

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and had me enter with him under the plush blanket."

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She said:

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"And she narrated to me that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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used to kiss her while he was fasting,

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and the Prophet, peace be upon him, and I used to perform ghusl

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from a single vessel following major ritual impurity."

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Commentary on the hadith:

254
00:11:13,149 --> 00:11:14,509
"The plush blanket" (al-khamilah)

255
00:11:14,509 --> 00:11:16,509
is a garment with a plush, velvety nap,

256
00:11:16,509 --> 00:11:18,110
resembling velvet;

257
00:11:18,110 --> 00:11:19,230
and it is said

258
00:11:19,230 --> 00:11:22,450
that the term specifically denotes a black plush garment.

259
00:11:22,450 --> 00:11:23,809
"So I slipped away":

260
00:11:23,809 --> 00:11:25,730
meaning she withdrew quietly and inconspicuously,

261
00:11:25,730 --> 00:11:29,090
out of concern that any of her blood might touch him,

262
00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:31,250
or fearing that revelation might descend,

263
00:11:31,250 --> 00:11:33,139
so she slipped away.

264
00:11:33,139 --> 00:11:34,500
"Has your bleeding begun?":

265
00:11:34,500 --> 00:11:36,850
meaning, has your menstruation started?

266
00:11:36,850 --> 00:11:40,419
Among the benefits of this hadith:

267
00:11:40,419 --> 00:11:42,500
it is derived from the hadith

268
00:11:42,500 --> 00:11:47,330
that one is guided to treat wives with kindness and gentleness during menstruation;

269
00:11:47,330 --> 00:11:49,409
the ritual purity of the menstruating woman's body,

270
00:11:49,409 --> 00:11:51,649
except for the site of bleeding;

271
00:11:51,649 --> 00:11:55,970
and an indication that the legal rulings of menstruation and postnatal bleeding are the same

272
00:11:55,970 --> 00:11:59,009
regarding the prohibition of prayer, the invalidity of fasting,

273
00:11:59,090 --> 00:12:00,929
and similar matters.

274
00:12:00,929 --> 00:12:04,850
It also shows the permissibility of a woman purifying herself with leftover water from a man,

275
00:12:04,850 --> 00:12:07,169
while scholars differ regarding the reverse;

276
00:12:07,169 --> 00:12:14,129
and the permissibility of a man looking at his wife's private parts and vice versa.

277
00:12:14,129 --> 00:12:17,629
Chapter: Physical Intimacy with a Menstruating Wife.

278
00:12:17,629 --> 00:12:19,870
On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said:

279
00:12:19,870 --> 00:12:23,389
"Whenever one of us was menstruating

280
00:12:23,389 --> 00:12:28,750
and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, wished to be intimate with her,

281
00:12:28,750 --> 00:12:32,669
he would tell her to wrap an izar tightly around her waist at the height of her menses,

282
00:12:32,669 --> 00:12:34,909
and then be intimate with her."

283
00:12:34,909 --> 00:12:36,110
She added:

284
00:12:36,110 --> 00:12:43,580
"And which of you can master his desires as the Prophet, peace be upon him, mastered his?"

285
00:12:43,580 --> 00:12:45,899
And on the authority of Maymunah, who said:

286
00:12:45,899 --> 00:12:53,100
"Whenever the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, wished to be intimate with one of his wives,

287
00:12:53,100 --> 00:12:57,600
he would instruct her to wear an izar while she was menstruating."

288
00:12:57,679 --> 00:13:01,100
Commentary on the hadith:

289
00:13:01,100 --> 00:13:03,730
Chapter: Physical Intimacy with a Menstruating Wife.

290
00:13:03,730 --> 00:13:09,409
Intimacy here refers to skin-to-skin contact and the foreplay

291
00:13:09,409 --> 00:13:10,850
leading up to intercourse,

292
00:13:10,850 --> 00:13:14,029
because intercourse with a menstruating woman is unlawful.

293
00:13:14,029 --> 00:13:15,549
"To wrap an izar":

294
00:13:15,549 --> 00:13:18,740
meaning to tie a waist-wrapper firmly around herself.

295
00:13:18,740 --> 00:13:20,659
"At the height of her menses":

296
00:13:20,659 --> 00:13:22,500
meaning when the bleeding is at its heaviest;

297
00:13:22,500 --> 00:13:23,460
and it is said:

298
00:13:23,460 --> 00:13:26,620
at the very onset of her menstrual cycle.

299
00:13:26,620 --> 00:13:28,940
"And which of you can master his desires":

300
00:13:28,940 --> 00:13:30,139
the word "irb"

301
00:13:30,139 --> 00:13:32,779
refers to the physical urge for sexual intercourse;

302
00:13:32,779 --> 00:13:33,980
and the intended meaning is

303
00:13:33,980 --> 00:13:38,750
that he possessed complete self-control, never lapsing into what is prohibited.

304
00:13:38,750 --> 00:13:42,129
Among the benefits of this hadith:

305
00:13:42,129 --> 00:13:44,289
it is derived from the hadith

306
00:13:44,289 --> 00:13:47,970
that physical intimacy with a menstruating wife is permissible short of intercourse;

307
00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:50,450
and it establishes the ritual purity of the menstruating woman's body,

308
00:13:50,450 --> 00:13:52,610
except for the site of bleeding;

309
00:13:52,610 --> 00:13:55,730
and that intercourse with a menstruating woman is explicitly unlawful by textual proof,

310
00:13:55,730 --> 00:13:58,049
though scholars differ regarding expiation.

311
00:13:58,049 --> 00:14:01,009
It also highlights the great right of the husband,

312
00:14:01,009 --> 00:14:03,090
as the wife serves her husband

313
00:14:03,090 --> 00:14:07,840
even during her period of menstruation.

314
00:14:07,840 --> 00:14:11,490
Chapter: The Menstruating Woman Abstaining from Fasting.

315
00:14:11,490 --> 00:14:15,809
On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

316
00:14:15,809 --> 00:14:18,929
"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, went out

317
00:14:18,929 --> 00:14:22,529
on the day of Adha or Fitr to the prayer ground.

318
00:14:22,529 --> 00:14:24,129
Then he turned,

319
00:14:24,129 --> 00:14:27,649
exhorted the people, and commanded them to give charity,

320
00:14:27,649 --> 00:14:29,009
saying:

321
00:14:29,009 --> 00:14:32,139
'O people, give charity!'

322
00:14:32,139 --> 00:14:34,059
Then he passed by the women

323
00:14:34,059 --> 00:14:35,340
and said:

324
00:14:35,340 --> 00:14:38,460
'O gathering of women, give charity,

325
00:14:38,460 --> 00:14:42,529
for I have seen that you constitute the majority of the dwellers of the Fire.'

326
00:14:42,529 --> 00:14:46,289
We said, 'And why is that, O Messenger of Allah?'

327
00:14:46,289 --> 00:14:47,490
He said:

328
00:14:47,490 --> 00:14:49,250
'You curse frequently

329
00:14:49,250 --> 00:14:51,740
and are ungrateful to your husbands.

330
00:14:51,740 --> 00:14:55,259
I have never seen anyone deficient in intellect and religion

331
00:14:55,259 --> 00:15:01,740
more capable of swaying the mind of a resolute man than one of you, O women.'

332
00:15:01,740 --> 00:15:03,179
In one narration:

333
00:15:03,179 --> 00:15:08,179
'We said, "And what is the deficiency of our religion and our intellect, O Messenger of Allah?"

334
00:15:08,179 --> 00:15:09,379
He said:

335
00:15:09,379 --> 00:15:14,100
"Is not the testimony of a woman equal to half the testimony of a man?"

336
00:15:14,100 --> 00:15:15,700
We said, "Yes."

337
00:15:15,700 --> 00:15:16,740
He said:

338
00:15:16,740 --> 00:15:20,000
"That is from the deficiency of her intellect.

339
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:24,080
Is it not so that when she menstruates, she neither prays nor fasts?"

340
00:15:24,159 --> 00:15:25,840
We said, "Yes."

341
00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:27,039
He said:

342
00:15:27,039 --> 00:15:30,720
"That is from the deficiency of her religion."'

343
00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:32,320
Then he departed.

344
00:15:32,320 --> 00:15:34,799
When he arrived at his home,

345
00:15:34,799 --> 00:15:36,559
Zaynab,

346
00:15:36,559 --> 00:15:38,480
the wife of Ibn Mas'ud, arrived,

347
00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:40,480
asking permission to enter upon him.

348
00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:41,519
It was said:

349
00:15:41,519 --> 00:15:43,120
'O Messenger of Allah,

350
00:15:43,120 --> 00:15:45,039
here is Zaynab.'

351
00:15:45,039 --> 00:15:46,240
He asked:

352
00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:48,080
'Which of the Zaynabs?'

353
00:15:48,080 --> 00:15:49,200
It was said:

354
00:15:49,200 --> 00:15:51,440
'The wife of Ibn Mas'ud.'

355
00:15:51,440 --> 00:15:52,480
He said:

356
00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:53,279
'Yes,

357
00:15:53,279 --> 00:15:55,039
permit her to enter.'

358
00:15:55,039 --> 00:15:56,639
So she was granted permission,

359
00:15:56,639 --> 00:15:57,919
and she said:

360
00:15:57,919 --> 00:15:59,679
'O Prophet of Allah,

361
00:15:59,679 --> 00:16:02,720
you commanded charity today,

362
00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:05,600
and I had some jewelry belonging to me

363
00:16:05,600 --> 00:16:08,320
which I intended to give away as charity,

364
00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:10,240
but Ibn Mas'ud claimed

365
00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:15,360
that he and his children are more deserving of what I give in charity.'

366
00:16:15,360 --> 00:16:18,799
The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

367
00:16:18,799 --> 00:16:21,039
'Ibn Mas'ud has spoken the truth;

368
00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:27,149
your husband and your children are most entitled to what you give in charity.'"

369
00:16:27,149 --> 00:16:30,700
Commentary on the hadith:

370
00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:31,980
"He exhorted":

371
00:16:31,980 --> 00:16:36,539
exhortation is reminding people of good and warning against evil,

372
00:16:36,539 --> 00:16:40,909
and similar speech that softens the heart of the listener.

373
00:16:40,909 --> 00:16:43,070
"O gathering of women":

374
00:16:43,070 --> 00:16:47,860
a gathering (ma'shar) refers to any group sharing a common state.

375
00:16:47,860 --> 00:16:49,539
"You curse frequently":

376
00:16:49,539 --> 00:16:50,899
cursing here

377
00:16:50,980 --> 00:16:53,539
means invoking banishment from Allah's mercy

378
00:16:53,539 --> 00:16:56,129
and distance from good.

379
00:16:56,129 --> 00:16:58,129
"And are ungrateful to your husbands":

380
00:16:58,129 --> 00:17:00,210
the word "ashir" means the husband,

381
00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:02,450
and it is also said to mean anyone with whom one associates closely;

382
00:17:02,450 --> 00:17:04,369
and the meaning of ingratitude (kufr) here

383
00:17:04,369 --> 00:17:06,210
is denial of good treatment.

384
00:17:06,210 --> 00:17:08,289
For he is a maintainer over her,

385
00:17:08,289 --> 00:17:09,569
yet she denies his kindness

386
00:17:09,569 --> 00:17:13,390
owing to the vulnerability of her intellect and her limited discernment.

387
00:17:13,390 --> 00:17:16,349
"More capable of swaying the mind of a resolute man":

388
00:17:16,349 --> 00:17:18,509
"lubb" means the intellect,

389
00:17:18,509 --> 00:17:19,789
and "resolute"

390
00:17:19,869 --> 00:17:22,990
refers to one who is cautious, firm, and discerning in his affairs.

391
00:17:22,990 --> 00:17:24,720
Zaynab:

392
00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:28,559
it is said she is Zaynab bint Mu'awiyah al-Thaqafiyyah,

393
00:17:28,559 --> 00:17:31,119
the wife of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud,

394
00:17:31,119 --> 00:17:33,519
and her agnomen was Ra'itah;

395
00:17:33,519 --> 00:17:35,599
other opinions have also been stated.

396
00:17:35,599 --> 00:17:37,119
"He claimed":

397
00:17:37,119 --> 00:17:38,559
Meaning that he said:

398
00:17:38,559 --> 00:17:43,339
"Your husband and your child are the most deserving of those upon whom you bestow charity."

399
00:17:43,339 --> 00:17:46,220
That is, as long as the need exists,

400
00:17:46,220 --> 00:17:48,940
and the charity is voluntary charity,

401
00:17:49,099 --> 00:17:51,579
then spending it upon the husband and the child

402
00:17:51,579 --> 00:17:54,619
is better than spending it upon others.

403
00:17:54,619 --> 00:17:59,250
Points of Benefit from the Hadith:

404
00:17:59,250 --> 00:18:01,329
It is derived from the hadith:

405
00:18:01,329 --> 00:18:05,250
Going out to the prayer place (musalla) to perform the 'Eid prayer;

406
00:18:05,250 --> 00:18:09,250
The prescribed nature of women attending the 'Eid prayer;

407
00:18:09,250 --> 00:18:12,529
Singling out women for exhortation and reminder

408
00:18:12,529 --> 00:18:15,250
in a gathering separate from that of men,

409
00:18:15,250 --> 00:18:18,210
provided it does not lead to any harm or corruption;

410
00:18:18,369 --> 00:18:22,450
In it is the command for those guilty of sins and infractions to give charity,

411
00:18:22,450 --> 00:18:25,809
because it is among the means of repelling the punishment of Hellfire;

412
00:18:25,809 --> 00:18:29,250
In it is the permissibility of interceding on behalf of the destitute;

413
00:18:29,250 --> 00:18:33,579
The permissibility of applying the term "kufr" to ingratitude for blessings (kufr al-ni'mah);

414
00:18:33,579 --> 00:18:37,900
In the hadith is an indication toward firmness in admonishing by highlighting the underlying flaw

415
00:18:37,900 --> 00:18:44,240
that prompts the removal of the defect and sin with which a person is characterized;

416
00:18:44,319 --> 00:18:49,839
In it is taking care to mention matters most urgently needed by the addressees;

417
00:18:49,839 --> 00:18:53,200
Offering sincere advice to whoever needs it

418
00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:55,440
and taking the initiative to go to them with it;

419
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:58,240
Addressing people in general terms

420
00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:01,440
rather than singling out a specific individual,

421
00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,279
for in generality there is comfort and ease of acceptance;

422
00:19:05,279 --> 00:19:09,119
The prescribed nature of women seeking permission to enter upon men;

423
00:19:09,119 --> 00:19:13,920
The prescribed nature of inquiring about the one seeking permission and asking for their lineage or identity;

424
00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:19,119
And the permissibility of a woman giving in charity from her own wealth without her husband's permission.

425
00:19:19,119 --> 00:19:24,609
Chapter: Washing Menstrual Blood.

426
00:19:24,609 --> 00:19:26,849
On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said:

427
00:19:26,849 --> 00:19:29,170
"One of us would menstruate,

428
00:19:29,170 --> 00:19:33,410
then she would pinch the blood from her garment upon attaining purity,

429
00:19:33,410 --> 00:19:37,009
wash it, sprinkle water over the rest of the garment,

430
00:19:37,009 --> 00:19:40,019
and then pray in it."

431
00:19:40,019 --> 00:19:43,390
Commentary on the Hadith:

432
00:19:43,390 --> 00:19:45,150
"She would pinch the blood" (taqrusuhu),

433
00:19:45,390 --> 00:19:48,990
meaning she would rub it with the fingertips and fingernails

434
00:19:48,990 --> 00:19:52,829
while pouring water over it until it was removed.

435
00:19:52,829 --> 00:19:55,630
"Tandahu", meaning she would sprinkle water

436
00:19:55,630 --> 00:19:59,650
"over the rest of it", meaning over the remainder of the garment.

437
00:20:03,460 --> 00:20:05,700
It is derived from the hadith:

438
00:20:05,700 --> 00:20:08,900
A menstruating woman does not have to wash her entire garment,

439
00:20:08,900 --> 00:20:13,089
but rather only washes the part where impurity is confirmed;

440
00:20:13,089 --> 00:20:17,250
And the practice of the Mothers of the Believers in acts of worship

441
00:20:17,250 --> 00:20:21,890
carries the ruling of being marfu' (raised to the Prophet).

442
00:20:21,890 --> 00:20:25,730
Chapter: I'tikaf for the Woman Experiencing Chronic Vaginal Bleeding (Istihadah).

443
00:20:25,730 --> 00:20:29,410
On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said:

444
00:20:29,410 --> 00:20:33,170
"A woman from among the Prophet's wives who was experiencing istihadah

445
00:20:33,170 --> 00:20:36,769
performed i'tikaf with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

446
00:20:36,769 --> 00:20:39,980
She would see red and yellowish discharge,

447
00:20:39,980 --> 00:20:45,660
and we would sometimes place a basin beneath her while she was praying."

448
00:20:45,740 --> 00:20:49,230
Commentary on the Hadith:

449
00:20:49,230 --> 00:20:52,380
Chapter: I'tikaf for the Woman Experiencing Istihadah.

450
00:20:52,380 --> 00:20:57,069
I'tikaf is remaining in the mosque with a specific intention.

451
00:20:57,069 --> 00:21:03,140
Istihadah is the continuation of bleeding in a woman beyond the days of her menstrual period.

452
00:21:03,140 --> 00:21:05,460
"A woman from among his wives":

453
00:21:05,460 --> 00:21:09,700
It is said she was Zaynab bint Jahsh (may Allah be pleased with her),

454
00:21:09,700 --> 00:21:14,019
and it is said Sawdah bint Zam'ah (may Allah be pleased with her),

455
00:21:14,099 --> 00:21:20,819
and it is said Ramlah, Umm Habibah bint Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with her).

456
00:21:20,819 --> 00:21:26,670
"The basin" (tast) is like a pot made of brass or stone.

457
00:21:26,670 --> 00:21:30,299
Points of Benefit from the Hadith:

458
00:21:30,299 --> 00:21:36,019
It is derived from the hadith that the status of a woman experiencing istihadah is like that of a pure woman;

459
00:21:36,019 --> 00:21:46,299
And in it is the permissibility of i'tikaf for someone suffering from urinary incontinence or a bleeding wound, by analogy to the woman with istihadah.

460
00:21:46,380 --> 00:21:52,130
Chapter: May a Woman Pray in a Garment in Which She Menstruated?

461
00:21:52,130 --> 00:21:59,970
On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: "None of us had more than a single garment in which she would menstruate.

462
00:21:59,970 --> 00:22:08,259
If any blood got onto it, she would moisten it with her saliva and scrape it off with her fingernail."

463
00:22:08,259 --> 00:22:11,630
Commentary on the Hadith:

464
00:22:11,630 --> 00:22:20,829
"She used her saliva", meaning she wetted it with her saliva and rubbed it; "al-qas'" means rubbing and working it out.

465
00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:31,119
It is derived from the hadith that it is permissible to remove impurity with something other than water,

466
00:22:31,119 --> 00:22:39,819
and that removing impurity does not require a specific number of washings; rather, what matters is achieving cleanliness.

467
00:22:39,819 --> 00:22:45,710
Chapter: Perfume for a Woman When Purifying Herself from Menses.

468
00:22:45,710 --> 00:22:53,490
On the authority of Umm 'Atiyyah: In a narration, a son of Umm 'Atiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) passed away,

469
00:22:53,490 --> 00:22:59,940
and when the third day arrived, she called for a yellowish perfume (sufrah) and wiped it over herself.

470
00:22:59,940 --> 00:23:09,059
Reporting from the Prophet (peace be upon him), she said: "We were forbidden to mourn for any deceased person beyond three days,

471
00:23:09,140 --> 00:23:13,779
except for a husband, which is four months and ten days;

472
00:23:13,779 --> 00:23:17,380
and we were not to wear kohl, apply perfume,

473
00:23:17,380 --> 00:23:22,690
or wear dyed clothes, except for patterned Yemeni garments ('asb).

474
00:23:22,690 --> 00:23:28,289
But we were granted a concession, upon attaining purity when one of us washed after her menses,

475
00:23:28,289 --> 00:23:31,789
to use a small piece of costus and 'azfar perfume.

476
00:23:31,789 --> 00:23:36,059
And we were forbidden from following funeral processions,"

477
00:23:36,140 --> 00:23:40,720
and in a narration: "though it was not made strictly binding upon us."

478
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:44,579
Commentary on the Hadith:

479
00:23:44,579 --> 00:23:49,730
"We were forbidden", meaning prevented from mourning over a deceased person.

480
00:23:49,730 --> 00:23:54,049
Mourning (ihdad) is for a woman to abandon adornment, perfume,

481
00:23:54,049 --> 00:23:58,829
and anything that invites marriage proposals for a specified duration.

482
00:23:58,829 --> 00:24:03,809
"Beyond three", meaning three nights along with their days.

483
00:24:03,890 --> 00:24:07,970
"Except for a husband, four months and ten days",

484
00:24:07,970 --> 00:24:12,910
because usually the movement of the fetus becomes evident within that period.

485
00:24:12,910 --> 00:24:18,190
"Except a garment of 'asb", which refers to striped Yemeni cloaks.

486
00:24:18,190 --> 00:24:21,710
"A small piece" (nubdhah), meaning a small amount.

487
00:24:21,710 --> 00:24:25,309
"Costus" (qust/kust) is a type of perfume.

488
00:24:25,309 --> 00:24:28,750
"'Azfar" is attributed to Dhafar,

489
00:24:28,750 --> 00:24:31,710
which is a coastal region of Aden;

490
00:24:31,789 --> 00:24:34,430
and it is also said that "qust azfar"

491
00:24:34,430 --> 00:24:37,230
is a type of black fragrance,

492
00:24:37,230 --> 00:24:41,140
a piece of which resembles a fingernail (zufur).

493
00:24:41,140 --> 00:24:44,859
Points of Benefit from the Hadith:

494
00:24:44,859 --> 00:24:46,940
It is derived from the hadith:

495
00:24:46,940 --> 00:24:50,859
A Companion's statement "we were forbidden" or "we were granted a concession"

496
00:24:50,859 --> 00:24:53,279
carries the ruling of being marfu' (raised to the Prophet);

497
00:24:53,279 --> 00:24:54,880
The scholars are unanimously agreed

498
00:24:54,880 --> 00:25:00,240
that it is impermissible for a mourning woman to wear safflower-dyed or brightly colored garments,

499
00:25:00,240 --> 00:25:02,960
except for what is dyed black;

500
00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:06,000
The general rule for a woman observing the post-bereavement waiting period ('iddat al-wafat)

501
00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:08,640
is that she observes it by months,

502
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:11,039
but if she is pregnant,

503
00:25:11,039 --> 00:25:13,710
then her waiting period ends with the delivery of the child;

504
00:25:13,710 --> 00:25:15,230
And the apparent meaning of the hadith

505
00:25:15,230 --> 00:25:18,430
indicates that following funeral processions for women is disliked (makruh),

506
00:25:18,430 --> 00:25:21,710
due to the statement of Umm 'Atiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her):

507
00:25:21,710 --> 00:25:26,559
"Though it was not made strictly binding upon us."

508
00:25:26,559 --> 00:25:28,720
Chapter: A Woman Rubbing Her Body

509
00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:31,279
When Purifying Herself from Menses,

510
00:25:31,279 --> 00:25:33,200
How She Performs Ghusl,

511
00:25:33,279 --> 00:25:35,920
and Takes a Piece of Cloth Scented with Musk

512
00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:39,759
to Trace the Traces of Blood.

513
00:25:39,759 --> 00:25:41,279
On the authority of 'A'ishah,

514
00:25:41,279 --> 00:25:45,200
that a woman asked the Prophet (peace be upon him)

515
00:25:45,200 --> 00:25:47,839
about her ghusl from menses.

516
00:25:47,839 --> 00:25:50,640
So he instructed her on how to perform ghusl,

517
00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:51,839
and said:

518
00:25:51,839 --> 00:25:54,160
"Take a piece of cloth scented with musk

519
00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:56,539
and purify yourself with it."

520
00:25:56,539 --> 00:25:57,900
In a narration:

521
00:25:57,900 --> 00:26:00,420
"And perform ablution three times."

522
00:26:00,420 --> 00:26:01,460
She asked:

523
00:26:01,460 --> 00:26:03,460
"How do I purify myself with it?"

524
00:26:03,460 --> 00:26:04,500
He said:

525
00:26:04,500 --> 00:26:06,660
"Purify yourself with it."

526
00:26:06,660 --> 00:26:07,700
She asked:

527
00:26:07,700 --> 00:26:08,980
"How?"

528
00:26:08,980 --> 00:26:10,019
He said:

529
00:26:10,019 --> 00:26:11,700
"Glory be to Allah (Subhan Allah)!

530
00:26:11,700 --> 00:26:13,380
Purify yourself!"

531
00:26:13,380 --> 00:26:14,900
In a narration:

532
00:26:14,900 --> 00:26:19,220
Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) felt shy

533
00:26:19,220 --> 00:26:21,440
and turned his face away,

534
00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:23,869
so I pulled her toward me.

535
00:26:23,869 --> 00:26:25,230
In a narration,

536
00:26:25,230 --> 00:26:26,990
'A'ishah said:

537
00:26:26,990 --> 00:26:32,029
"I understood what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) meant,

538
00:26:32,029 --> 00:26:33,230
so I said:

539
00:26:33,230 --> 00:26:37,250
'Trace the traces of blood with it.'"

540
00:26:37,250 --> 00:26:40,559
Commentary on the Hadith:

541
00:26:40,559 --> 00:26:41,759
"A woman":

542
00:26:41,759 --> 00:26:44,539
She was Asma' bint Shakl.

543
00:26:44,539 --> 00:26:46,460
"A piece of cloth scented with musk" (firsah min misk),

544
00:26:46,460 --> 00:26:48,059
meaning a piece of cotton

545
00:26:48,059 --> 00:26:50,380
or a rag scented with musk

546
00:26:50,380 --> 00:26:53,180
with which a woman cleanses herself after menstruation;

547
00:26:53,180 --> 00:26:56,220
and it is also said to be a piece of scented leather.

548
00:26:56,220 --> 00:26:58,299
"I pulled her toward me",

549
00:26:58,299 --> 00:27:00,960
meaning I drew her close to myself.

550
00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:03,680
"Trace the traces of blood with it",

551
00:27:03,759 --> 00:27:06,339
meaning with that scented piece.

552
00:27:06,339 --> 00:27:10,109
Points of Benefit from the Hadith:

553
00:27:10,109 --> 00:27:12,349
It is derived from the hadith:

554
00:27:12,349 --> 00:27:18,349
Modesty does not prevent asking about essential matters of religious law;

555
00:27:18,349 --> 00:27:21,549
Expressing astonishment by saying "Subhan Allah";

556
00:27:21,549 --> 00:27:25,230
That women are better suited to teach other women;

557
00:27:25,230 --> 00:27:29,710
The recommendation of perfuming oneself for a woman performing ghusl from menses and post-natal bleeding,

558
00:27:29,710 --> 00:27:34,430
applied to all areas of her body touched by blood;

559
00:27:34,430 --> 00:27:38,829
The recommendation of using euphemisms for sensitive body parts ('awrah);

560
00:27:38,829 --> 00:27:41,710
And explaining a scholar's words in his presence

561
00:27:41,710 --> 00:27:43,470
to someone who did not understand them,

562
00:27:43,470 --> 00:27:48,779
if it is known that the scholar would welcome that.

563
00:27:48,779 --> 00:27:51,579
Chapter: The Statement of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic:

564
00:27:51,579 --> 00:27:56,109
"Formed and unformed."

565
00:27:56,109 --> 00:27:57,869
On the authority of Anas ibn Malik,

566
00:27:57,869 --> 00:28:02,130
from the Prophet (peace be upon him), who said:

567
00:28:02,130 --> 00:28:06,690
"Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, has appointed an angel over the womb,

568
00:28:06,849 --> 00:28:08,289
who says:

569
00:28:08,289 --> 00:28:10,210
'O Lord, a drop of semen (nutfah);

570
00:28:10,210 --> 00:28:12,289
O Lord, a clinging clot ('alaqah);

571
00:28:12,289 --> 00:28:14,460
O Lord, a lump of flesh (mudghah).'

572
00:28:14,460 --> 00:28:18,140
Then, when He wills to decree its creation, the angel says:

573
00:28:18,140 --> 00:28:20,619
'Male or female?

574
00:28:20,619 --> 00:28:23,180
Wretched or blessed?

575
00:28:23,180 --> 00:28:25,740
What is the provision and the lifespan?'

576
00:28:25,740 --> 00:28:29,170
And that is recorded while it is in its mother's womb."

577
00:28:29,170 --> 00:28:32,369
Commentary on the Hadith:

578
00:28:32,369 --> 00:28:34,450
Chapter: The Statement of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic:

579
00:28:34,450 --> 00:28:37,599
"Formed and unformed."

580
00:28:37,599 --> 00:28:42,319
"Formed" means shaped into a complete human form,

581
00:28:42,319 --> 00:28:44,160
and "unformed"

582
00:28:44,160 --> 00:28:47,920
means cast out by the womb before complete development.

583
00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:49,200
"'Alaqah"

584
00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:52,160
means thick, congealed blood.

585
00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:53,359
"Mudghah"

586
00:28:53,359 --> 00:28:55,039
means a piece of flesh

587
00:28:55,039 --> 00:28:58,380
the size of what a person can chew.

588
00:28:58,380 --> 00:29:01,950
Points of Benefit from the Hadith:

589
00:29:01,950 --> 00:29:03,150
In the hadith

590
00:29:03,150 --> 00:29:06,750
is an indication that a pregnant woman does not menstruate,

591
00:29:06,910 --> 00:29:09,390
because the womb's containment of the fetus

592
00:29:09,390 --> 00:29:12,109
prevents the discharge of menstrual blood;

593
00:29:12,109 --> 00:29:14,589
In it is belief in the angels

594
00:29:14,589 --> 00:29:17,710
and mention of one of their assigned duties;

595
00:29:17,710 --> 00:29:21,309
and the obligation of believing in divine decree and predestination.