WEBVTT 00:00:00.430 --> 00:00:03.430 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.430 --> 00:00:08.429 The best of generations in stance and example, 00:00:08.429 --> 00:00:13.429 Who followed the Messenger in his endeavors and words. 00:00:13.429 --> 00:00:15.429 Mawaddah Association 00:00:15.429 --> 00:00:17.429 Presents: 00:00:17.429 --> 00:00:21.429 Portraits from the Lives of the Tabi'un, 00:00:21.429 --> 00:00:25.850 By Dr. Abd al-Rahman Ra'fat al-Basha, 00:00:25.850 --> 00:00:27.850 May Allah have mercy on him. 00:00:27.850 --> 00:00:33.340 Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, 00:00:33.340 --> 00:00:35.630 May Allah have mercy on him. 00:00:42.729 --> 00:00:47.729 A rift once occurred between Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah and his brother al-Hasan Ibn Ali, 00:00:47.729 --> 00:00:51.729 So Ibn al-Hanafiyyah sent a message to al-Hasan, saying: 00:00:51.729 --> 00:00:53.729 "Allah has favored you over me; 00:00:53.729 --> 00:00:59.729 For your mother is Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:00:59.729 --> 00:01:02.729 While my mother is a woman from the tribe of Banu Hanifah. 00:01:02.729 --> 00:01:06.730 Your maternal grandfather is the Messenger of Allah, the elite of His creation, 00:01:06.730 --> 00:01:09.730 While my maternal grandfather is Ja'far Ibn Qays. 00:01:09.730 --> 00:01:12.730 Therefore, when this letter of mine reaches you, 00:01:12.730 --> 00:01:14.730 Come to me and reconcile with me, 00:01:14.730 --> 00:01:18.730 So that the virtue of precedence may remain yours over me in everything." 00:01:18.730 --> 00:01:21.920 No sooner had his message reached al-Hasan 00:01:21.920 --> 00:01:25.920 Than he hastened to his house and reconciled with him. 00:01:25.920 --> 00:01:29.019 Who, then, was this refined, astute, and tactful man? 00:01:29.019 --> 00:01:31.019 He was Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah. 00:01:31.019 --> 00:01:36.140 Come, let us review the story of his life from its very beginning. 00:01:36.140 --> 00:01:43.650 This story begins during the final days of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:01:43.650 --> 00:01:45.650 For one day, 00:01:45.650 --> 00:01:51.650 Ali Ibn Abi Talib was sitting in a gathering with the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:01:51.650 --> 00:01:53.650 And said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:01:53.650 --> 00:01:56.650 Tell me, if a son is born to me after you, 00:01:56.650 --> 00:01:58.650 May I name him with your name, 00:01:58.650 --> 00:02:00.650 And give him your kunyah?" 00:02:00.650 --> 00:02:02.650 He replied, "Yes." 00:02:02.650 --> 00:02:05.810 Then the days turned their full course, 00:02:05.810 --> 00:02:11.810 And the noble Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, joined the Highest Companion. 00:02:11.810 --> 00:02:17.810 A few months later, he was followed by his daughter and fragrant blossom, Fatimah al-Batul, 00:02:17.810 --> 00:02:20.810 The mother of al-Hasan and al-Husayn. 00:02:20.810 --> 00:02:23.810 Afterwards, Ali married into the Banu Hanifah, 00:02:23.810 --> 00:02:27.810 Wedding Khawlah bint Ja'far Ibn Qays al-Hanafiyyah, 00:02:27.810 --> 00:02:30.810 And she bore him a male child. 00:02:30.810 --> 00:02:32.810 He named him Muhammad, 00:02:32.810 --> 00:02:34.810 And gave him the kunyah Abu al-Qasim, 00:02:34.810 --> 00:02:38.810 By permission granted from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:02:38.810 --> 00:02:43.840 However, people began calling him Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, 00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:47.840 To distinguish him from his brothers, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, 00:02:47.840 --> 00:02:49.840 The sons of Fatimah al-Zahra', 00:02:49.840 --> 00:02:52.840 And thus he became known in history by that name. 00:02:52.840 --> 00:03:00.469 Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah was born toward the end of the caliphate of al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:03:00.469 --> 00:03:05.469 And was raised and nurtured under the care of his father, Ali Ibn Abi Talib. 00:03:05.469 --> 00:03:07.469 He was tutored under his direct guidance, 00:03:07.469 --> 00:03:10.469 Adopting from him his worship and asceticism, 00:03:10.469 --> 00:03:13.469 Inheriting from him his strength and valor, 00:03:13.469 --> 00:03:17.469 And acquiring from him his eloquence and rhetoric. 00:03:17.469 --> 00:03:21.469 Thus, he was an igniter of war on the battlefields, 00:03:21.469 --> 00:03:24.469 A knight of the pulpit in the assemblies of men, 00:03:24.469 --> 00:03:27.469 And a monk among the monks of the night, 00:03:27.469 --> 00:03:32.469 When darkness draped its veils over the universe and eyes went to sleep. 00:03:32.469 --> 00:03:38.539 His father, may Allah be pleased with him, thrust him into the wars he waged, 00:03:38.539 --> 00:03:44.539 Imposing burdens upon him that he did not impose on his brothers, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, 00:03:44.539 --> 00:03:47.539 Yet his resolve never softened, 00:03:47.539 --> 00:03:49.539 Nor did his determination ever weaken. 00:03:49.539 --> 00:03:52.539 It was once said to him: 00:03:52.539 --> 00:03:57.539 "Why does your father thrust you into perils and force you into tight straits, 00:03:57.539 --> 00:04:00.539 To the exclusion of your brothers al-Hasan and al-Husayn?" 00:04:00.539 --> 00:04:06.539 He replied, "That is because my two brothers hold the status of his eyes, 00:04:06.539 --> 00:04:09.539 Whereas I hold the status of his hands; 00:04:09.539 --> 00:04:14.139 And a man shields his eyes with his hands." 00:04:14.139 --> 00:04:16.139 At the Battle of Siffin, 00:04:16.139 --> 00:04:23.139 Which raged between Ali Ibn Abi Talib and Mu'awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:04:23.139 --> 00:04:27.139 Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah carried his father's standard. 00:04:27.139 --> 00:04:33.139 As the millstone of war was turning, fiercely grinding down the men of both factions, 00:04:33.139 --> 00:04:37.139 An event occurred involving him which he recounted himself, saying: 00:04:37.139 --> 00:04:40.139 "I remember us at Siffin, 00:04:40.139 --> 00:04:43.139 When we clashed with the companions of Mu'awiyah, 00:04:44.139 --> 00:04:49.139 And fought so fiercely that I thought not a single soul would survive from either of us. 00:04:49.139 --> 00:04:52.139 I was horrified by the magnitude of the horror and deemed it an immense calamity. 00:04:52.139 --> 00:04:56.139 Before long, I heard a crier shouting from behind me: 00:04:56.139 --> 00:04:58.139 'O gathering of Muslims! 00:04:58.139 --> 00:05:00.139 Fear Allah, fear Allah! 00:05:00.139 --> 00:05:02.139 O gathering of Muslims! 00:05:02.139 --> 00:05:04.139 Who will be left for the women and children? 00:05:04.139 --> 00:05:07.139 Who will be left for religion and honors? 00:05:07.139 --> 00:05:09.139 Who will be left to face the Byzantines and the Daylamites? 00:05:09.139 --> 00:05:11.139 O gathering of Muslims! 00:05:11.139 --> 00:05:15.139 Fear Allah, fear Allah, and spare one another, O gathering of Muslims!' 00:05:15.139 --> 00:05:19.139 That is, fear Allah and have mercy upon the Muslims. 00:05:19.139 --> 00:05:25.139 Thereupon, I pledged to myself that my sword would never be raised against a Muslim after that day." 00:05:25.139 --> 00:05:32.699 Later, Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was martyred by a sinful, transgressing hand, 00:05:32.699 --> 00:05:35.699 And the leadership devolved to Mu'awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan. 00:05:35.699 --> 00:05:41.699 Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah pledged allegiance to him to listen and obey, in ease and hardship, 00:05:41.699 --> 00:05:44.699 Desiring to mend the rift, unite the ranks, 00:05:44.699 --> 00:05:47.699 And uphold the honor of Islam and the Muslims. 00:05:47.699 --> 00:05:53.699 Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him, sensed the sincerity and purity of this pledge, 00:05:53.699 --> 00:05:57.699 And felt completely reassured regarding him, 00:05:57.699 --> 00:06:01.699 Which prompted him to invite Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah to visit him. 00:06:01.699 --> 00:06:04.829 Thus, he visited him in Damascus more than once, 00:06:04.829 --> 00:06:06.829 And for more than one reason. 00:06:07.829 --> 00:06:11.829 Among those occasions was that the Roman Emperor wrote to Mu'awiyah, saying: 00:06:11.829 --> 00:06:14.829 "Kings among us correspond with kings, 00:06:14.829 --> 00:06:18.829 Presenting each other with the curiosities they possess, 00:06:18.829 --> 00:06:23.829 And vying with one another over the wonders of their realms. 00:06:23.829 --> 00:06:28.829 Would you permit the same exchange to take place between me and you?" 00:06:28.829 --> 00:06:32.829 Mu'awiyah replied in the affirmative and granted him permission. 00:06:32.829 --> 00:06:37.829 So the Roman Emperor dispatched to him two extraordinary men: 00:06:37.829 --> 00:06:40.829 One was an excessively tall man, 00:06:40.829 --> 00:06:43.829 Immense and profoundly gigantic in build, 00:06:43.829 --> 00:06:47.829 Such that he looked like a towering tree in a forest, 00:06:47.829 --> 00:06:49.829 Or a firmly erected structure. 00:06:49.829 --> 00:06:52.990 The second was exceptionally powerful, 00:06:52.990 --> 00:06:56.990 Robust and solid, as if he were a ferocious beast. 00:06:56.990 --> 00:07:01.060 He sent a letter with them, in which he said: 00:07:02.060 --> 00:07:07.060 "Is there anyone in your realm who equals these two men in height and strength?" 00:07:07.060 --> 00:07:10.089 Mu'awiyah said to 'Amr Ibn al-'As: 00:07:10.089 --> 00:07:15.089 "As for the tall one, I have found someone who matches him and even surpasses him, 00:07:15.089 --> 00:07:18.089 And that is Qays Ibn Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah. 00:07:18.089 --> 00:07:22.089 But as for the strong one, I need your counsel regarding him." 00:07:22.089 --> 00:07:26.089 'Amr said, "There are two men fit for this matter, 00:07:26.089 --> 00:07:29.089 Yet both of them are far removed from you: 00:07:29.089 --> 00:07:32.089 Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah 00:07:32.089 --> 00:07:34.120 And Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr." 00:07:34.120 --> 00:07:36.120 Mu'awiyah said: 00:07:36.120 --> 00:07:40.120 "Indeed, Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah is not far from us." 00:07:40.120 --> 00:07:42.120 'Amr said: 00:07:42.120 --> 00:07:48.120 "Yet do you think that, despite his exalted stature and lofty station, he would consent 00:07:48.120 --> 00:07:52.120 To wrestle a Roman man in full view of the people?" 00:07:52.120 --> 00:07:54.120 Mu'awiyah replied: 00:07:54.120 --> 00:07:58.120 "He would do that and even more than that, 00:07:58.120 --> 00:08:01.120 If he sees in it glory for Islam." 00:08:01.120 --> 00:08:05.250 Then Mu'awiyah summoned both Qays Ibn Sa'd 00:08:05.250 --> 00:08:07.250 And Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah. 00:08:07.250 --> 00:08:09.310 When the assembly convened, 00:08:09.310 --> 00:08:11.310 Qays Ibn Sa'd stood up, 00:08:11.310 --> 00:08:13.310 Took off his trousers, 00:08:13.310 --> 00:08:15.310 Threw them to the Roman giant, 00:08:15.310 --> 00:08:17.310 And commanded him to put them on. 00:08:17.310 --> 00:08:19.310 The man put them on, 00:08:19.310 --> 00:08:22.310 And they reached all the way up above his chest, 00:08:22.310 --> 00:08:24.410 So the people laughed at him. 00:08:24.410 --> 00:08:26.410 As for Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah, 00:08:26.410 --> 00:08:28.410 He said to the interpreter: 00:08:28.410 --> 00:08:29.410 "Tell the Roman 00:08:29.410 --> 00:08:33.409 That if he wishes, he may sit while I remain standing, 00:08:33.409 --> 00:08:35.409 Then he can give me his hand, 00:08:35.409 --> 00:08:39.409 And either I will pull him to his feet, or he will pull me down to a sit. 00:08:39.409 --> 00:08:40.409 And if he wishes, 00:08:40.409 --> 00:08:43.409 He may be the one standing while I am the one seated." 00:08:43.409 --> 00:08:46.409 The Roman chose to sit, 00:08:46.409 --> 00:08:50.409 So Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah took him by the hand and pulled him to his feet, 00:08:50.409 --> 00:08:52.409 While the Roman failed to pull him down. 00:08:52.409 --> 00:08:55.409 Pride and indignation surged in the Roman's chest, 00:08:55.409 --> 00:08:58.409 And he chose to be the one standing 00:08:58.409 --> 00:09:00.409 While Muhammad was seated. 00:09:00.409 --> 00:09:02.409 So Muhammad took him by the hand 00:09:02.409 --> 00:09:04.409 And gave him such a wrenching pull 00:09:04.409 --> 00:09:07.409 That it nearly dislocated his forearm from his shoulder, 00:09:07.409 --> 00:09:09.409 Bringing him crashing down to the ground. 00:09:09.409 --> 00:09:11.470 Thus, the two Roman brutes departed, 00:09:11.470 --> 00:09:17.100 Returning to their emperor defeated and humiliated. 00:09:17.100 --> 00:09:21.100 Then the days turned their full course once again, 00:09:21.100 --> 00:09:24.100 And Mu'awiyah, his son Yazid, 00:09:24.100 --> 00:09:27.100 And Marwan Ibn al-Hakam all departed to the presence of their Lord. 00:09:27.100 --> 00:09:32.100 The leadership of the Umayyads passed to Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan, 00:09:32.100 --> 00:09:35.100 Who proclaimed himself Caliph of the Muslims, 00:09:35.100 --> 00:09:38.139 And the people of the Levant pledged allegiance to him. 00:09:38.139 --> 00:09:41.139 Meanwhile, the people of the Hijaz and Iraq 00:09:41.139 --> 00:09:44.139 Had already pledged allegiance to Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr. 00:09:44.139 --> 00:09:48.139 Each of them began calling those who had not sworn allegiance to give him their pledge, 00:09:48.139 --> 00:09:53.139 Claiming to the people that he had a greater right to the caliphate than his rival. 00:09:53.139 --> 00:09:56.139 Thus, the ranks of the Muslims were split once more. 00:09:56.139 --> 00:09:59.139 At this point, Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr demanded 00:09:59.139 --> 00:10:02.139 That Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyyah pledge allegiance to him, 00:10:02.139 --> 00:10:05.139 Just as the people of the Hijaz had done. 00:10:05.139 --> 00:10:08.139 Yet it was not lost on Ibn al-Hanafiyyah 00:10:08.139 --> 00:10:11.139 That giving a pledge of allegiance placed upon his neck 00:10:11.139 --> 00:10:14.169 Numerous obligations toward the one he pledged to, 00:10:14.169 --> 00:10:17.169 Among which was unsheathing his sword in his defense 00:10:17.169 --> 00:10:19.169 And fighting against those who opposed him— 00:10:19.169 --> 00:10:22.169 While those opponents were none other than Muslims who had exercised their judgment 00:10:22.169 --> 00:10:25.169 And pledged allegiance to someone other than the one he would pledge to. 00:10:25.169 --> 00:10:28.169 And this wise, consummate man 00:10:28.169 --> 00:10:30.169 Had never forgotten the day of Siffin, 00:10:30.169 --> 00:10:32.169 Nor had the long years 00:10:32.169 --> 00:10:34.169 Erased from his ears that 00:10:34.169 --> 00:10:37.169 Husky, piercing, and sorrowful voice 00:10:37.169 --> 00:10:40.169 As it cried out from behind him: 00:10:40.169 --> 00:10:42.169 "O gathering of Muslims! 00:10:42.169 --> 00:10:45.169 Fear Allah, fear Allah, O gathering of Muslims! 00:10:45.169 --> 00:10:48.169 Who will be left for the women and children? 00:10:48.169 --> 00:10:50.169 Who will be left for religion and honors? 00:10:50.169 --> 00:10:52.169 Who will be left to face the Byzantines and the Daylamites?" 00:10:52.169 --> 00:10:53.169 Yes, 00:10:53.169 --> 00:10:57.259 He had never forgotten any of that at all. 00:10:57.259 --> 00:11:00.259 So he said to Abd Allah Ibn al-Zubayr: 00:11:00.259 --> 00:11:02.259 "You know with absolute certainty 00:11:02.259 --> 00:11:06.259 That I have no ambition nor pursuit in this matter, 00:11:06.259 --> 00:11:09.259 But am merely an ordinary man among the Muslims. 00:11:09.259 --> 00:11:11.259 If their consensus unites behind you, 00:11:11.259 --> 00:11:13.259 Or behind Abd al-Malik, 00:11:13.259 --> 00:11:16.259 He pledged allegiance to the one upon whom the people had reached a consensus. 00:11:16.259 --> 00:11:17.259 But now, 00:11:17.259 --> 00:11:20.259 I will neither pledge allegiance to you nor to him. 00:11:20.259 --> 00:11:23.259 So, ‘Abdullah [ibn al-Zubayr] began to treat him with a mixture of familiarity, 00:11:23.259 --> 00:11:25.259 and at times, gentleness, 00:11:25.259 --> 00:11:28.259 while at other times, he would turn away from him and treat him coldly. 00:11:28.259 --> 00:11:31.330 However, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, 00:11:31.330 --> 00:11:34.330 soon found many men rallying to his side. 00:11:34.330 --> 00:11:36.330 They shared his perspective, 00:11:36.330 --> 00:11:38.330 and entrusted their leadership to him, 00:11:38.330 --> 00:11:41.330 until they numbered seven thousand men, 00:11:41.330 --> 00:11:43.330 all of whom had chosen to withdraw from the strife (fitnah). 00:11:43.330 --> 00:11:46.330 They refused to allow themselves 00:11:46.330 --> 00:11:49.330 to become fuel for its raging fire. 00:11:49.330 --> 00:11:53.330 As the number of followers of Ibn al-Hanafiyyah grew, 00:11:53.330 --> 00:11:56.330 so too did the resentment of Ibn al-Zubayr toward him, 00:11:56.330 --> 00:11:59.419 and he pressed him insistently to pledge allegiance. 00:11:59.419 --> 00:12:01.419 When he despaired of that, 00:12:01.419 --> 00:12:05.419 he ordered him, along with those who were with him from the Banu Hashim and others, 00:12:05.419 --> 00:12:08.419 to remain confined to their mountain pass in Makkah. 00:12:08.419 --> 00:12:10.419 He placed guards over them, 00:12:10.419 --> 00:12:12.419 and then said to them: 00:12:12.419 --> 00:12:16.419 "By Allah, you shall pledge allegiance, or I will burn you with fire!" 00:12:16.419 --> 00:12:19.419 He then imprisoned them in their homes, 00:12:19.419 --> 00:12:21.419 and gathered firewood for them, 00:12:21.419 --> 00:12:25.419 piling it around their dwellings until it reached the tops of the walls, 00:12:25.419 --> 00:12:29.419 to the point that had he ignited a single branch, 00:12:29.419 --> 00:12:31.519 he would have burned them all. 00:12:31.519 --> 00:12:35.519 At that moment, a group of his followers stood up to him, 00:12:35.519 --> 00:12:38.519 and said, "Let us kill Ibn al-Zubayr, 00:12:38.519 --> 00:12:40.549 and relieve the people of him." 00:12:40.549 --> 00:12:46.549 He replied, "Shall we kindle with our own hands the fire of strife for which we withdrew? 00:12:46.549 --> 00:12:51.549 And shall we kill a man from among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:12:51.549 --> 00:12:53.549 and the sons of his Companions? 00:12:53.549 --> 00:13:00.309 No, by Allah, we will not do anything that angers Allah and His Messenger." 00:13:00.309 --> 00:13:03.309 When news reached ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 00:13:03.309 --> 00:13:06.309 of the hardship Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was enduring, 00:13:06.309 --> 00:13:09.309 and the severity he and his companions faced from ‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, 00:13:10.309 --> 00:13:15.309 he sent a letter to him via a messenger of his own. 00:13:15.309 --> 00:13:18.309 Had he written it to one of his own sons, 00:13:18.309 --> 00:13:22.309 it could not have been more tender in tone or more gracious in address. 00:13:22.309 --> 00:13:24.309 Among the things it contained was: 00:13:24.309 --> 00:13:30.309 "It has reached me that Ibn al-Zubayr has tightened the noose around you and those with you, 00:13:30.309 --> 00:13:33.309 severed your kinship, and belittled your rights. 00:13:33.309 --> 00:13:37.309 These lands of the Levant are open before you; 00:13:37.309 --> 00:13:41.309 they welcome you and those with you with open arms. 00:13:41.309 --> 00:13:44.309 Settle wherever you wish within them, 00:13:44.309 --> 00:13:46.309 and you shall find family among family, 00:13:46.309 --> 00:13:48.309 and loved ones among neighbors. 00:13:48.309 --> 00:13:51.309 You will find us mindful of your rights, 00:13:51.309 --> 00:13:53.309 appreciative of your merit, 00:13:53.309 --> 00:13:56.309 and upholding the ties of kinship, if Allah wills." 00:13:56.309 --> 00:14:02.299 Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah and those with him set out, 00:14:02.299 --> 00:14:05.299 turning their faces toward the lands of the Levant. 00:14:06.299 --> 00:14:10.299 When they reached the place where they were to settle, 00:14:10.299 --> 00:14:13.299 its people received them with the most honorable hospitality, 00:14:13.299 --> 00:14:15.299 and lived alongside them as the best of neighbors. 00:14:15.299 --> 00:14:19.299 They loved Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah and held him in high esteem, 00:14:19.299 --> 00:14:23.299 having witnessed the depth of his devotion and the sincerity of his asceticism. 00:14:23.299 --> 00:14:27.299 He began to enjoin good upon them and forbid them from evil, 00:14:27.299 --> 00:14:29.299 established the religious rites among them, 00:14:29.299 --> 00:14:32.299 reconciled their differences, 00:14:32.299 --> 00:14:36.460 and would not allow anyone to oppress another. 00:14:36.460 --> 00:14:39.460 When this reached ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 00:14:39.460 --> 00:14:41.460 the matter weighed heavily upon him, 00:14:41.460 --> 00:14:43.460 and he consulted his inner circle. 00:14:43.460 --> 00:14:45.460 They said to him: 00:14:45.460 --> 00:14:49.460 "We do not think you should allow him to reside in your kingdom, 00:14:49.460 --> 00:14:51.460 given his conduct as you know it. 00:14:51.460 --> 00:14:53.460 Either he pledges allegiance to you, 00:14:53.460 --> 00:14:56.460 or he must return from whence he came." 00:14:56.460 --> 00:14:59.580 So ‘Abd al-Malik wrote to him, saying: 00:15:00.580 --> 00:15:04.580 "You came to my lands and settled in a corner of them, 00:15:04.580 --> 00:15:09.580 and this war is ongoing between me and ‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr. 00:15:09.580 --> 00:15:13.580 You are a man of status and standing among the Muslims, 00:15:13.580 --> 00:15:18.580 and I have decided that you should not remain in my territory unless you pledge allegiance to me. 00:15:18.580 --> 00:15:20.580 If you pledge allegiance to me, 00:15:20.580 --> 00:15:24.580 then you shall have from me one hundred ships that arrived to me yesterday 00:15:24.580 --> 00:15:26.580 from al-Qulzum, 00:15:26.580 --> 00:15:28.580 take them with all that is in them and all who are on them. 00:15:28.580 --> 00:15:31.580 And you shall have with them one million dirhams, 00:15:31.580 --> 00:15:35.580 along with whatever stipend you designate for yourself and your children, 00:15:35.580 --> 00:15:39.580 and for your relatives, your clients, and those with you. 00:15:39.580 --> 00:15:41.580 But if you refuse, 00:15:41.580 --> 00:15:45.580 then move away from me to a place over which I have no authority." 00:15:45.580 --> 00:15:49.809 Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah wrote back to him, saying: 00:15:49.809 --> 00:15:53.809 "From Muhammad ibn ‘Ali to ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, 00:15:53.809 --> 00:15:55.809 peace be upon you. 00:15:56.870 --> 00:16:00.870 I praise Allah, other than Whom there is no god, to you. 00:16:00.870 --> 00:16:02.870 To proceed: 00:16:02.870 --> 00:16:05.870 Perhaps you fear me, 00:16:05.870 --> 00:16:10.870 though I thought you were aware of the reality of my position regarding this matter. 00:16:10.870 --> 00:16:14.870 By Allah, even if this entire Ummah were to gather against me, 00:16:14.870 --> 00:16:18.870 save for the people of a single village, I would not accept it, 00:16:18.870 --> 00:16:20.870 nor would I fight them for it. 00:16:20.870 --> 00:16:22.940 I had settled in Makkah, 00:16:22.940 --> 00:16:26.940 and ‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr wanted me to pledge allegiance to him. 00:16:26.940 --> 00:16:29.940 When I refused, he made my stay difficult. 00:16:29.940 --> 00:16:34.940 Then you wrote to me, inviting me to reside in the Levant, 00:16:34.940 --> 00:16:37.940 so I settled in a town on the outskirts of your land, 00:16:37.940 --> 00:16:41.940 because of its low prices and its distance from the center of your authority. 00:16:41.940 --> 00:16:44.970 Now you have written to me what you have written, 00:16:44.970 --> 00:16:48.970 and we are departing from you, if Allah wills." 00:16:48.970 --> 00:16:55.289 Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah departed with his men and his family from the Levant, 00:16:55.289 --> 00:16:59.289 and whenever he settled in a place, he would be disturbed, 00:16:59.289 --> 00:17:01.289 and called upon to leave it. 00:17:01.289 --> 00:17:06.859 As if his own troubles were not enough, 00:17:06.859 --> 00:17:10.859 Allah willed to test him with other burdens, 00:17:10.859 --> 00:17:13.859 more severe in impact and heavier to bear. 00:17:13.859 --> 00:17:18.859 This was because a group of his followers, those in whose hearts was a disease, 00:17:18.859 --> 00:17:21.859 and others who were simple-minded, 00:17:21.859 --> 00:17:23.859 began to say: 00:17:23.859 --> 00:17:26.859 "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:17:26.859 --> 00:17:31.859 entrusted the heart of ‘Ali and his family with many secrets of knowledge, 00:17:31.859 --> 00:17:34.859 the foundations of the religion, and the treasures of the Shari'ah, 00:17:34.859 --> 00:17:38.859 and that he singled out the Household with what he did not disclose to others." 00:17:38.859 --> 00:17:42.859 The man of knowledge, action, and wisdom realized 00:17:42.859 --> 00:17:46.859 the deviation this talk carried within it, 00:17:46.859 --> 00:17:52.859 and the dangers and harm it could bring upon Islam and the Muslims. 00:17:52.859 --> 00:17:55.859 So he gathered the people and stood among them to deliver a sermon. 00:17:55.859 --> 00:17:59.859 He praised Allah, the Majestic and Exalted, and extolled Him, 00:17:59.859 --> 00:18:04.859 and invoked blessings upon His Prophet Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon him. 00:18:04.859 --> 00:18:06.859 Then he said: 00:18:06.859 --> 00:18:10.859 "Some people claim that we, the Household, possess knowledge 00:18:10.859 --> 00:18:14.859 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, confided in us, 00:18:14.859 --> 00:18:17.859 and did not disclose to anyone else. 00:18:17.859 --> 00:18:22.859 By Allah, we have not inherited from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:18:22.859 --> 00:18:25.859 anything except what is between these two covers," 00:18:25.859 --> 00:18:27.859 and he pointed to the Mushaf (Qur'an). 00:18:27.859 --> 00:18:32.859 "And whoever claims that we have anything to read other than the Book of Allah, 00:18:32.859 --> 00:18:36.299 has lied." 00:18:36.299 --> 00:18:40.299 Some of his followers would greet him by saying: 00:18:40.299 --> 00:18:43.299 "Peace be upon you, O Mahdi!" 00:18:43.299 --> 00:18:45.299 He would reply: 00:18:45.299 --> 00:18:48.299 "Yes, I am a guide (mahdi) to goodness, 00:18:48.299 --> 00:18:51.299 and you are guided to it, if Allah wills. 00:18:51.299 --> 00:18:54.299 But when one of you greets me, 00:18:54.299 --> 00:18:56.299 let him call me by my name, 00:18:56.299 --> 00:19:01.700 and let him say: 'Peace be upon you, O Muhammad.'" 00:19:01.700 --> 00:19:08.700 The uncertainty of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah regarding where he and his companions should settle did not last long, 00:19:08.700 --> 00:19:12.700 for Allah willed that al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi should finish off 00:19:12.700 --> 00:19:14.700 ‘Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, 00:19:14.700 --> 00:19:19.700 and that all the people should pledge allegiance to ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. 00:19:19.700 --> 00:19:23.700 He had no choice but to write to ‘Abd al-Malik, saying: 00:19:23.700 --> 00:19:28.700 "To ‘Abdullah ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Commander of the Faithful, 00:19:28.700 --> 00:19:31.740 from Muhammad ibn ‘Ali. 00:19:31.740 --> 00:19:32.740 To proceed: 00:19:32.740 --> 00:19:36.740 When I saw that this matter had devolved to you, 00:19:36.740 --> 00:19:38.740 and the people had pledged allegiance to you, 00:19:38.740 --> 00:19:40.740 I became one of them. 00:19:40.740 --> 00:19:43.740 I have pledged my allegiance to your governor in the Hijaz, 00:19:43.740 --> 00:19:47.740 and I have sent this pledge of mine to you in writing. 00:19:47.740 --> 00:19:49.799 Peace be upon you." 00:19:49.799 --> 00:19:53.799 When ‘Abd al-Malik read the letter to his companions, 00:19:53.799 --> 00:19:54.799 they said: 00:19:54.799 --> 00:19:59.799 "If he had wanted to break the staff of obedience and cause a rift in the affair, 00:19:59.799 --> 00:20:01.799 he would have been capable of it, 00:20:01.799 --> 00:20:04.799 and you would have had no way to stop him. 00:20:04.799 --> 00:20:07.799 So write to him with a covenant, a pledge, and a guarantee of safety, 00:20:07.799 --> 00:20:12.799 and the protection of Allah and His Messenger, peace be upon him, 00:20:12.799 --> 00:20:16.799 that he or any of his companions will not be disturbed or harassed." 00:20:16.799 --> 00:20:18.799 So he wrote to him accordingly, 00:20:18.799 --> 00:20:22.799 and wrote to al-Hajjaj ordering him to honor him, 00:20:22.799 --> 00:20:26.799 to respect his sanctity, and to go to great lengths in showing him hospitality. 00:20:26.799 --> 00:20:31.799 However, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah did not live long after that, 00:20:31.799 --> 00:20:36.799 for Allah chose him to be in His presence, well-pleased and pleasing. 00:20:36.799 --> 00:20:42.210 May Allah illuminate the grave of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, 00:20:42.210 --> 00:20:45.210 and may Allah look upon his soul in Paradise. 00:20:45.210 --> 00:20:49.210 For he was among those who did not desire corruption on earth, 00:20:49.210 --> 00:20:52.210 nor arrogance among the people. 00:20:52.210 --> 00:21:02.069 I do not know of anyone who learned from ‘Ali and benefited from him 00:21:02.069 --> 00:21:06.359 more than Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah. 00:21:06.359 --> 00:21:08.779 Ibn al-Junayd: 00:21:39.500 --> 00:21:44.500 They filled life with pride through their deeds, 00:21:44.500 --> 00:21:48.569 and the world of the ego flourished because of them.