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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Ma'idah.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“O Messenger! Make known that which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord, for if thou do it not, thou wilt not have conveyed His message. Allah will protect thee from mankind. Lo! Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.” (5:67)

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“O Messenger! Make known that which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord, for if thou do it not, thou wilt not have conveyed His message. Allah will protect thee from mankind. Lo! Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.” (5:67)

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“O Messenger! Make known that which hath been revealed unto thee from thy Lord, for if thou do it not, thou wilt not have conveyed His message. Allah will protect thee from mankind. Lo! Allah guideth not the disbelieving folk.” (5:67)

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"Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people."

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This is a command from Allah—exalted be His mention—to His Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)

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to convey to these Jews and Christians what was revealed to him regarding them,

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concerning their faults, disparagement of them, and highlighting their shortcomings,

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as well as what He commanded them with and prohibited them from.

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Allah—exalted be His mention—informed him that if he should fall short of conveying any part of what was revealed to him to them, no matter how small,

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then in the gravity of what he committed by that, he would be in the position of one who conveyed nothing at all.

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"And Allah will protect you from the people."

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Indeed, Allah does not grant success toward right guidance to whoever swerves from the path of truth

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and denies what you have brought him from Allah,

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and from your Lord, out of transgression,

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out of transgression and disbelief.

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"So do not grieve over the disbelieving people."

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Say, O Muhammad, to the community of Jews and Christians:

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O people of the Torah and the Gospel! You stand upon nothing of what you claim to follow,

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of what Moses (peace be upon him) brought you, O community of Jews,

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nor of what Jesus brought you, O community of Christians,

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"until you uphold the Torah and the Gospel

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and what has been revealed to you from your Lord"—that is, what Muhammad (peace be upon him) brought you—

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by acting upon all of that,

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without making distinction between the messengers of Allah,

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believing in some and disbelieving in others.

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And it will surely increase many of these Jews and Christians—

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this Book that I have revealed to you, O Muhammad—

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in transgression and extreme denial of you,

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beyond what they were upon prior to the revelation of the Criterion (the Qur'an);

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and it will surely increase them in denial of your prophethood.

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So do not grieve, O Muhammad, over the denial of these disbelievers among the Jews and Christians.

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"And the Sabians and the Christians..."

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"And the Sabians and the Christians..."

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"...whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and works righteousness..."

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“Lo! those who believe, and those who are Jews, and Sabaeans, and Christians - Whosoever believeth in Allah and the Last Day and doeth right - there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.” (5:69)

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Indeed, those who believed in Allah and His Messenger,

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and those who were Jews, Sabians, and Christians—

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whoever among them believed in Allah and affirmed resurrection after death,

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and performed righteous deeds for his ultimate return to Allah,

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"there shall be no fear upon them" regarding the terrors of the Day of Resurrection that they are heading toward,

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"nor shall they grieve" over what they left behind of the worldly life and its living,

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after beholding the abundant reward with which Allah has honored them.

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"And We sent to them messengers..."

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“We made a covenant of old with the Children of Israel and We sent unto them messengers. As often as a messenger came unto them with that which their souls desired not (they became rebellious). Some (of them) they denied and some they slew.” (5:70)

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“We made a covenant of old with the Children of Israel and We sent unto them messengers. As often as a messenger came unto them with that which their souls desired not (they became rebellious). Some (of them) they denied and some they slew.” (5:70)

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I swear,

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"We certainly took a covenant from the Children of Israel" to observe sincere devotion in worshipping Us alone,

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to act in accordance with what We commanded them,

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and to abstain from what We forbade them,

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"and We sent to them messengers" to convey that.

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Whenever there came to them a messenger from Us with what their souls did not desire and what did not accord with their inclinations,

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a group of messengers they denied, and another group they killed,

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in breach of Our covenant that We took upon them.

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"And they thought there would be no trial, so they became blind and deaf; then Allah turned to them in forgiveness, then many of them became blind and deaf."

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"And Allah is All-Seeing of what they do."

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And these Israelites assumed

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that there would be no trial or testing from Allah with severe punishments for what they used to do.

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So they turned blind to the truth

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and to fulfilling the covenant I took upon them to worship Me sincerely and act in obedience to Me;

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and they became deaf after My accepting their repentance.

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And Allah is All-Seeing, perceiving their deeds, both good and evil,

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and He will requite them for all of them on the Day of Resurrection.

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"They have certainly disbelieved who say, 'Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary.'"

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. The Messiah (himself) said: O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Lo! whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, for him Allah hath forbidden paradise. His abode is the Fire. For evil-doers there will be no helpers.” (5:72)

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. The Messiah (himself) said: O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Lo! whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, for him Allah hath forbidden paradise. His abode is the Fire. For evil-doers there will be no helpers.” (5:72)

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. The Messiah (himself) said: O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Lo! whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, for him Allah hath forbidden paradise. His abode is the Fire. For evil-doers there will be no helpers.” (5:72)

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"And for the wrongdoers there will be no helpers."

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Among those with whom I tried and tested them—

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and regarding whom they broke My covenant—was My servant Jesus, son of Mary.

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For I created him

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and performed at his hands the likes of what I performed at the hands of many of My messengers;

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yet they said out of disbelief: He is Allah!

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. The Messiah (himself) said: O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord. Lo! whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah, for him Allah hath forbidden paradise. His abode is the Fire. For evil-doers there will be no helpers.” (5:72)

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Direct worship and humility to Allah, to Whom everything is humbled,

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my Lord and your Lord.

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"Indeed, whoever associates partners with Allah, Allah has forbidden Paradise to him" to dwell therein in the Hereafter,

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"and his refuge" and abode to which he will resort and return to in his ultimate end "is the Hellfire.

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And there is not for whoever commits what Allah has not permitted him and worships other than Allah

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any helpers" to assist him on the Day of Resurrection against Allah,

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or rescue him from Him when He admits him to Hell.

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73)

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73)

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73)

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“They surely disbelieve who say: Lo! Allah is the third of three; when there is no Allah save the One Allah. If they desist not from so saying a painful doom will fall on those of them who disbelieve.” (5:73)

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They have certainly disbelieved who uttered disbelief against their Lord and committed polytheism,

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saying that Allah is the third of three.

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They used to say, according to what has reached us:

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The ancient Deity is one substance,

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comprehending three hypostases (persons):

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a Father who is a generator and unbegotten,

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a Son who is begotten and not a generator,

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and a Spouse linking between the two.

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You have no deity worthy of worship, O people, except One Deity.

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And if the one making this claim does not desist from what they say,

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a painful punishment will surely touch those who disbelieved among them due to their disbelief in Allah.

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“Will they not rather turn unto Allah and seek forgiveness of Him? For Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:74)

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"And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful."

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Will not these two disbelieving factions turn back—

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the one claiming

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that Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary,

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and the other claiming that Allah is the third of three—

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from what they said of that, and repent to Allah for what they uttered?

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For Allah is All-Forgiving of the sins of those who repent among His creation,

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Merciful to them in accepting their repentance.

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"The Messiah was no more than a messenger of Allah,"

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like the rest of His messengers who preceded him;

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Allah performed at his hands whatever He willed to perform of signs and lessons.

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"And his mother was a truthful woman."

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Both of them were in need of what would nourish them

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and sustain their bodies, as part of the signs and lessons.

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"And his mother was a truthful woman."

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Both of them were in need of what would nourish them,

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sustaining their bodies with food and drink,

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just like all other human beings from the Children of Adam.

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See, O Muhammad, how We make clear to these disbelievers among the Jews and Christians

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the proofs and arguments demonstrating the falsehood of what they say regarding the prophets of Allah,

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and regarding their slander against Allah;

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then see how they are turned away from Our clear explanation that We clarify for them,

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and how they stray from the truth and guidance to which We guide them!

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Say, O Muhammad, to these disbelievers:

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Do you worship besides Allah

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that which possesses no power to harm or benefit you,

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while He is the One Who created you and provided for you?

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And Allah is the All-Hearing of their seeking forgiveness, should they seek His forgiveness;

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the All-Knowing of their repentance, should they repent from it,

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and of all other affairs of theirs.

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“Say: O People of the Scripture! Stress not in your religion other than the truth, and follow not the vain desires of folk who erred of old and led many astray, and erred from a plain road.” (5:77)

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“Say: O People of the Scripture! Stress not in your religion other than the truth, and follow not the vain desires of folk who erred of old and led many astray, and erred from a plain road.” (5:77)

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“Say: O People of the Scripture! Stress not in your religion other than the truth, and follow not the vain desires of folk who erred of old and led many astray, and erred from a plain road.” (5:77)

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Say, O Muhammad, to these extremists among the Christians:

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O people of the Gospel!

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Do not exceed the bounds in your speech concerning what you profess as religion

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regarding the matter of the Messiah,

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thereby transgressing from the truth into falsehood;

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nor follow, regarding the Messiah, the desires of the Jews

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who went astray before you from the path of right guidance

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in what they said concerning him.

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And these Jews led many people astray,

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turning them away from the path of truth,

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inducing them into disbelief in Allah

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and denial of the Messiah;

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and these Jews strayed from the right path,

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taking a course other than the highway of truth.

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“Those of the Children of Israel who went astray were cursed by the tongue of David, and of Jesus, son of Mary. That was because they rebelled and used to transgress.” (5:78)

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"...by the tongue of David and Jesus, son of Mary."

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"That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress."

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Say to these Christians:

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Allah had already cursed them by the tongue of His prophets and messengers,

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David and Jesus, son of Mary;

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that was because they disobeyed Allah, opposing His command,

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and used to exceed His limits.

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“They restrained not one another from the wickedness they did. Verily evil was that they used to do!” (5:79)

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“They restrained not one another from the wickedness they did. Verily evil was that they used to do!” (5:79)

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“Thou seest many of them making friends with those who disbelieve. Surely ill for them is that which they themselves send on before them: that Allah will be wroth with them and in the doom they will abide.” (5:80)

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“Thou seest many of them making friends with those who disbelieve. Surely ill for them is that which they themselves send on before them: that Allah will be wroth with them and in the doom they will abide.” (5:80)

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“Thou seest many of them making friends with those who disbelieve. Surely ill for them is that which they themselves send on before them: that Allah will be wroth with them and in the doom they will abide.” (5:80)

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“Thou seest many of them making friends with those who disbelieve. Surely ill for them is that which they themselves send on before them: that Allah will be wroth with them and in the doom they will abide.” (5:80)

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“Thou seest many of them making friends with those who disbelieve. Surely ill for them is that which they themselves send on before them: that Allah will be wroth with them and in the doom they will abide.” (5:80)

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These Jews whom Allah cursed

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used not to forbid one another from the wrong deeds they committed.

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I swear,

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how wretched was that which they used to do!

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You see, O Muhammad, many of the Children of Israel

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allying themselves with the polytheists who worship idols,

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while showing hostility toward the allies of Allah and His messengers.

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I swear,

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evil indeed is that which their souls sent forth ahead of them to their ultimate return in the Hereafter!

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Their souls sent forth ahead of them that which earned Allah's wrath upon them for what they did,

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and in the punishment of Allah on the Day of Resurrection they will abide eternally.

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“If they believed in Allah and the Prophet and that which is revealed unto him, they would not choose them for their friends. But many of them are of evil conduct.” (5:81)

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"...and what was revealed to him..."

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"...and what was revealed to him..."

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"...they would not have taken them as allies..."

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"...but many..."

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"...but many..."

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"...of them are defiantly disobedient."

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And if those who ally themselves—

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those among the Children of Israel who ally themselves with the disbelievers—truly believed in Allah

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and believed in His Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)

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as a messenger sent by Allah,

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and acknowledged what was revealed to Muhammad (peace be upon him)

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from Allah,

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they would not have taken them as companions and helpers

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to the exclusion of the believers;

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but many of them are people given to rebellion,

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departing from obedience to Allah into His disobedience.

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Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.