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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Efada Center

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For Human Studies and Research

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Presents:

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Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari.

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Chapter: When a polytheist says at the time of death,

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"There is no god but Allah."

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Narrated Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from his father, who said:

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When death approached Abu Talib,

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Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) came to him.

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He found Abu Jahl and 'Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah ibn al-Mughirah with him.

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He said, "O uncle! Say: 'There is no god but Allah,'

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a phrase with which I may plead for you before Allah."

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Abu Jahl and 'Abdullah ibn Abi Umayyah said,

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"Will you turn away from the religion of 'Abd al-Muttalib?"

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Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) kept on

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offering it to him, while they repeated that statement,

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until the last thing Abu Talib said to them was

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that he was upon the religion of 'Abd al-Muttalib,

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and he refused to say, "There is no god but Allah."

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Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said,

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"By Allah, I will surely seek forgiveness for you unless I am forbidden from doing so."

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Then Allah revealed: ◁ It is not for the Prophet and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they should be relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire. ▷

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“It is not for the Prophet, and those who believe, to pray for the forgiveness of idolaters even though they may be near of kin (to them) after it hath become clear that they are people of hell-fire.” (9:113)

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And Allah revealed concerning Abu Talib,

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saying to Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him): ◁ Indeed, [O Muhammad], you do not guide whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. ▷

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“Lo! thou (O Muhammad) guidest not whom thou lovest, but Allah guideth whom He will. And He is Best Aware of those who walk aright.” (28:56)

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"A phrase with which I may plead for you before Allah":

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It means: "I may bear witness for you with it before Allah."

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"Will you turn away from the religion of 'Abd al-Muttalib?":

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Meaning: "Will you abandon the religion of your father?"

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"Offering it to him":

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Meaning: he was presenting the declaration of monotheism (Tawhid) to his uncle.

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"While they repeated that statement":

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Meaning: they kept repeating it to him and reminding him of the religion of his father.

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“It is not for the Prophet, and those who believe, to pray for the forgiveness of idolaters even though they may be near of kin (to them) after it hath become clear that they are people of hell-fire.” (9:113)

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Meaning: it is neither proper nor fitting for the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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nor for the believers in him

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to seek forgiveness for whoever disbelieved in Allah and associated others with Him in worship.

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“Lo! thou (O Muhammad) guidest not whom thou lovest, but Allah guideth whom He will. And He is Best Aware of those who walk aright.” (28:56)

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Meaning: you do not possess the ability to guide anyone with the guidance of divine accord (Tawfiq).

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Benefits of the Hadith:

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith is:

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That guidance of accord (Tawfiq) is possessed by none except Allah, Almighty and Glorious.

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As for the prophets and their followers, theirs is the guidance of direction and instruction (Irshad).

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It indicates the permissibility of taking an oath without being asked to do so.

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The hadith points to the danger of accompanying those whose innate dispositions are corrupted and inverted.

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It demonstrates the perfection of the Prophet's compassion and mercy toward creation.

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It encourages maintaining good ties and loyalty.

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It warns against blindly following the religion of one's forefathers, as it is a cause of stubbornness and denial.

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Chapter: The preacher's admonition at the grave and his companions sitting around him.

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Narrated 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him):

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We were attending a funeral at Baqi' al-Gharqad,

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when the Prophet (peace be upon him) came and sat down,

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and we sat around him. He had a small stick in his hand,

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and he bowed his head and began scratching the ground with his stick.

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In a narration: He took a stick and began scratching the ground with it.

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Then he said, "There is none among you, no living soul,

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but that its place in Paradise and Hellfire has been written."

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In a narration: "His seat has been written."

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"And except that it has been written as wretched or blessed."

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A man said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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shall we not rely upon what is written for us and abandon good deeds?

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For whoever among us is of the blessed

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will proceed to the deeds of the blessed,

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and whoever among us is of the wretched

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will proceed to the deeds of the wretched."

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He said—in a narration—:

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"Work, for everyone is facilitated.

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As for the blessed, they will be facilitated to do the deeds of the blessed;

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as for the wretched, they will be facilitated to do the deeds of the wretched."

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Then he recited:

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◁ As for he who gives and fears Allah, and believes in the best reward, We will ease him toward ease. ▷

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The verse—in a narration—up to His saying: ◁ We will ease him toward hardship. ▷

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Chapter: The preacher's admonition at the grave":

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Preaching (Wa'z) means sincere advice and reminding of outcomes.

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"At Baqi' al-Gharqad":

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Al-Baqi' is the graveyard of the people of Medina,

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and al-Gharqad refers to a type of thorny tree.

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"A small stick" (Mikhsarah) means a staff or rod.

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"Bowed his head" (Nakasa) means he lowered his head toward the ground,

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in the manner of someone anxious and deep in thought.

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"Scratching" (Yankut) means striking or poking the ground.

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"Living soul" (Manfusah) means a created soul.

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"Shall we not rely upon what is written for us?":

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Meaning: shall we not depend upon what has been decreed for us?

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"Abandon" (Nada') means to leave off.

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"As for he who gives and fears Allah, and believes in the best reward":

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Meaning: whoever performs what he was commanded of acts of worship,

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guards against what he was forbidden of prohibited matters,

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and affirms the truth of "There is no god but Allah"

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and what it entails.

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We will make his affair easy for him,

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facilitate every good for him,

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and make him facilitated to leave every evil.

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Benefits of the Hadith:

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This hadith is a foundational principle showing that eternal bliss and wretchedness are in the hand of Allah Exalted.

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In it is a refutation of those who justify sins by arguing divine decree (Qadar).

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It instructs showing humility and reverence at funerals.

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It contains an encouragement to work and not to rely passively on fate.

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Chapter: What has been mentioned regarding one who commits suicide.

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Narrated Thabit ibn al-Dahhak

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—who was among the Companions of the Tree (Bay'at al-Ridwan)—

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that Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said:

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"Whoever takes an oath upon a religion other than Islam..."

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In a narration:

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"...falsely and intentionally,

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he is as he said.

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And a son of Adam is not bound by a vow regarding that which he does not possess.

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And whoever kills himself with something in this world

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will be punished with it on the Day of Resurrection."

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In a narration:

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"...with an iron weapon,

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he will be punished with it in the Fire of Hell.

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And cursing a believer is like killing him,

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and accusing a believer of disbelief is like killing him."

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In a narration:

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"...accuses..."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Religion" (Millah):

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Religion means creed,

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such as Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

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"A son of Adam is not bound by a vow":

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Meaning: a vow is invalid concerning that which one does not own.

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"Cursing a believer":

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Because a curse is

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expulsion and banishment from the mercy of Allah Exalted.

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"Accusing a believer of disbelief":

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Meaning: attributing disbelief to him.

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Benefits of the Hadith:

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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The prohibition of swearing oaths by other than Allah, Almighty and Glorious.

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It contains the prohibition of cursing and declaring others disbelievers (Takfir).

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Thus, it is not permissible to curse any Muslim,

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and there is no difference between a sinner and anyone else in this regard.

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The hadith indicates that recompense is of the same nature as the deed.

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Narrated Jundub ibn 'Abdullah:

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Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said:

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"Among those who came before you, there was

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a man who suffered a wound.

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He grew impatient,

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so he took a knife and slashed his hand with it,

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and the bleeding did not stop until he died.

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Allah Exalted said:

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'My servant hastened his own death before Me;

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I have forbidden Paradise to him.'"

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Among those who came before you, there was a man":

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Meaning: among previous nations.

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"He grew impatient": meaning he lacked patience.

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"Slashed his hand with it":

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Meaning: he cut off his hand.

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"The bleeding did not stop":

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Meaning: the blood did not cease flowing.

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"My servant hastened his own death before Me":

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The meaning of hastening is:

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his lack of patience until Allah would take his soul by a natural death.

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Benefits of the Hadith:

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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That the prohibition of suicide was established in the laws of those before us.

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The hadith urges patience and forbids impatience

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when calamities strike.

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It points out that deeds are judged by their final outcomes.

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Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

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"He who strangles himself

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will strangle himself in the Fire,

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and he who stabs himself

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will stab himself in the Fire."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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"Strangles himself":

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Strangling is the constriction of the airway until death.

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"And he who stabs himself":

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Stabbing is done with a sharp object, such as a knife or similar tool.

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Benefits of the Hadith:

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In the hadith, recompense is of the same nature as the deed.

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It contains the prohibition of suicide.

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Chapter: What is disliked regarding performing funeral prayers over hypocrites

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and seeking forgiveness for polytheists.

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Narrated Ibn 'Abbas,

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from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them),

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that he said:

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When 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul died,

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Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) was called

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to perform the funeral prayer over him.

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When Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) stood up,

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I leapt toward him and said,

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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do you offer the funeral prayer for Ibn Ubayy,

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when he said on such and such a day

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such and such?"

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I began listing his statements to him.

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Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) smiled

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and said,

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"Step back from me, O 'Umar."

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But when I persisted,

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he said,

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"I was given a choice, so I chose.

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If I knew that seeking forgiveness more than seventy times would grant him forgiveness,

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I would do more than that."

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He said:

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So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) offered the funeral prayer for him,

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then departed.

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Only a short time passed

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before the two verses of Surah at-Tawbah were revealed:

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“And never (O Muhammad) pray for one of them who dieth, nor stand by his grave. Lo! they disbelieved in Allah and His messenger, and they died while they were evil-doers.” (9:84)

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up to His saying:

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﴾and die while they are defiant transgressors.﴿

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He said:

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"Afterward, I was amazed at my own boldness in confronting the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on that day,

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though Allah and His Messenger know best."

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Commentary on the Hadith:

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'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul

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was the head of the hypocrites.

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Supplication was requested for him;

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the one who requested it was his son.

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"And I rushed to him"—

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meaning, I hastened quickly toward him.

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"Listing to him"—

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meaning, listing to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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the vile statements of 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy

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regarding the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and the believers.

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"Stand back from me, O 'Umar!"—

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meaning, keep your opinion, your words, or your person away from me.

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"When I persisted with him"—

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meaning, repeatedly speaking to him regarding the head of the hypocrites.

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"I was given a choice"—

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between two matters:

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seeking forgiveness or refraining from it.

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"So I chose"—meaning, I chose to seek forgiveness.

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﴾And never pray over any of them who dies...﴿

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This was prohibited because his prayer (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

235
00:12:49,629 --> 00:12:52,029
and his standing over their graves

236
00:12:52,029 --> 00:12:54,149
constituted an intercession on his part for them,

237
00:12:54,149 --> 00:12:57,330
whereas intercession does not benefit them.

238
00:12:57,330 --> 00:12:58,929
"At my boldness"—

239
00:12:58,929 --> 00:12:59,929
*al-Jur'ah*

240
00:12:59,929 --> 00:13:02,070
means audacity and daring.

241
00:13:02,070 --> 00:13:05,830
Key Takeaways from the Hadith:

242
00:13:05,830 --> 00:13:07,750
It is derived from the hadith

243
00:13:07,789 --> 00:13:11,149
that it is forbidden to offer funeral prayers over a deceased disbeliever.

244
00:13:11,149 --> 00:13:15,350
Regarding the permissibility of washing, shrouding, and burying them, there is scholarly disagreement.

245
00:13:15,350 --> 00:13:20,350
The hadith demonstrates the perfection of the Prophet's compassion (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

246
00:13:20,350 --> 00:13:22,710
and his mercy toward creation.

247
00:13:22,710 --> 00:13:25,789
It also shows that the Prophet (peace be upon him)

248
00:13:25,789 --> 00:13:27,870
was never given a choice between two options

249
00:13:27,870 --> 00:13:30,350
except that he chose the one most gentle for his Ummah

250
00:13:30,350 --> 00:13:32,549
and most merciful to creation.

251
00:13:32,549 --> 00:13:36,629
The hadith contains an indication of the virtue of 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)

252
00:13:36,669 --> 00:13:39,990
and the revelation of the Qur'an agreeing with his opinion.

253
00:13:39,990 --> 00:13:41,990
The hadith yields a principle of Islamic jurisprudence:

254
00:13:41,990 --> 00:13:44,389
that an accomplished and sincere advisor

255
00:13:44,389 --> 00:13:49,029
incurs no blame for expressing his honest opinion to his leader,

256
00:13:49,029 --> 00:13:51,830
even if it differs from the leader's own view.

257
00:13:51,830 --> 00:13:58,620
It demonstrates the legitimacy of a follower repeatedly questioning a scholar regarding his stance.

258
00:13:58,620 --> 00:14:02,419
The hadith illustrates the patience of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

259
00:14:02,419 --> 00:14:06,059
with the persistent questioning of his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them).

260
00:14:08,299 --> 00:14:11,419
Chapter: People's Praise or Dispraise of the Deceased

261
00:14:11,419 --> 00:14:15,919
On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

262
00:14:15,919 --> 00:14:17,919
A funeral procession passed by,

263
00:14:17,919 --> 00:14:20,399
and the people spoke well of the deceased.

264
00:14:20,399 --> 00:14:23,759
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

265
00:14:23,759 --> 00:14:25,159
"It has become mandatory."

266
00:14:25,159 --> 00:14:27,279
Then another funeral procession passed by,

267
00:14:27,279 --> 00:14:29,759
and they spoke ill of the deceased.

268
00:14:29,759 --> 00:14:31,759
He said: "It has become mandatory."

269
00:14:31,759 --> 00:14:35,080
'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) asked:

270
00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:36,720
"What has become mandatory?"

271
00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:37,960
He replied:

272
00:14:38,159 --> 00:14:41,039
"This one you spoke well of,

273
00:14:41,039 --> 00:14:43,399
so Paradise has become mandatory for him;

274
00:14:43,399 --> 00:14:46,519
and this one you spoke ill of,

275
00:14:46,519 --> 00:14:48,919
so the Fire has become mandatory for him.

276
00:14:48,919 --> 00:14:52,440
You are Allah's witnesses on earth."

277
00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:53,840
In another narration:

278
00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:58,000
"The testimony of the believing people."

279
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:01,450
Commentary on the Hadith:

280
00:15:01,450 --> 00:15:03,730
"They spoke well of him"—

281
00:15:03,730 --> 00:15:06,049
Praise (*thana'*) is primarily used for good qualities,

282
00:15:06,090 --> 00:15:11,200
though it may occasionally be used for evil by way of irony or linguistic parallelism.

283
00:15:11,200 --> 00:15:12,399
"It has become mandatory"—

284
00:15:12,399 --> 00:15:14,879
meaning, Paradise has become guaranteed for the first,

285
00:15:14,879 --> 00:15:17,279
and the Fire has become guaranteed for the second.

286
00:15:17,279 --> 00:15:20,240
What is meant by "mandatory" (*wujub*) is certainty and affirmation.

287
00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:23,000
"You are Allah's witnesses on earth"—

288
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:26,039
this address is directed to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)

289
00:15:26,039 --> 00:15:29,580
and to those who follow them in righteousness.

290
00:15:29,580 --> 00:15:33,210
Key Takeaways from the Hadith:

291
00:15:33,210 --> 00:15:35,289
It is derived from the hadith

292
00:15:35,330 --> 00:15:37,570
that it is permissible to mention what one knows about a person

293
00:15:37,570 --> 00:15:40,049
when there is a genuine need,

294
00:15:40,049 --> 00:15:43,820
such as a judge asking character witnesses for information.

295
00:15:43,820 --> 00:15:46,539
The hadith indicates that the praise of the believers

296
00:15:46,539 --> 00:15:50,320
for their deceased companion is among the things that benefit him.

297
00:15:50,320 --> 00:15:52,159
It affirms an honor

298
00:15:52,159 --> 00:15:54,600
with which Allah has noble-minded the believers:

299
00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:57,000
namely, accepting their testimony.

300
00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:03,860
This is because they were trustworthy, knowledgeable, and discerning.

301
00:16:03,860 --> 00:16:06,179
On the authority of Abu al-Aswad, who said:

302
00:16:06,220 --> 00:16:09,700
I came to Medina during an epidemic,

303
00:16:09,700 --> 00:16:12,889
and people were dying rapidly.

304
00:16:12,889 --> 00:16:16,049
I sat with 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him),

305
00:16:16,049 --> 00:16:19,610
and a funeral passed by, and good was spoken of the deceased.

306
00:16:19,610 --> 00:16:22,370
'Umar said: "It has become mandatory."

307
00:16:22,370 --> 00:16:25,730
Then another passed by, and good was spoken of him.

308
00:16:25,730 --> 00:16:27,809
'Umar said: "It has become mandatory."

309
00:16:27,809 --> 00:16:31,490
Then a third passed by, and ill was spoken of him.

310
00:16:31,490 --> 00:16:33,450
'Umar said: "It has become mandatory."

311
00:16:33,450 --> 00:16:37,809
I asked: "What has become mandatory, O Commander of the Faithful?"

312
00:16:37,809 --> 00:16:43,129
He said: "I said just as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

313
00:16:43,129 --> 00:16:47,009
'Any Muslim for whom four people bear witness to his goodness,

314
00:16:47,009 --> 00:16:49,649
Allah will admit him to Paradise.'

315
00:16:49,649 --> 00:16:51,610
We asked: 'And three?'

316
00:16:51,610 --> 00:16:54,120
He said: 'And three.'

317
00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:55,919
I asked: 'And two?'

318
00:16:55,919 --> 00:16:58,480
He said: 'And two.'

319
00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:02,230
Then we did not ask him about one."

320
00:17:02,269 --> 00:17:05,750
Commentary on the Hadith:

321
00:17:05,750 --> 00:17:07,390
"I came to Medina"—

322
00:17:07,390 --> 00:17:11,309
meaning, the city of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

323
00:17:11,309 --> 00:17:13,910
"Dying rapidly"—

324
00:17:13,910 --> 00:17:16,869
meaning, dying in swift succession.

325
00:17:16,869 --> 00:17:18,029
"It has become mandatory"—

326
00:17:18,029 --> 00:17:21,390
meaning, Paradise has become guaranteed for the first two,

327
00:17:21,390 --> 00:17:24,029
and the Fire has become guaranteed for the third.

328
00:17:24,029 --> 00:17:25,789
What is meant by "mandatory"

329
00:17:25,789 --> 00:17:27,430
is certainty and realization.

330
00:17:27,430 --> 00:17:29,230
"Four bear witness for him"—

331
00:17:29,230 --> 00:17:31,910
meaning, four of the Muslims.

332
00:17:31,910 --> 00:17:35,690
Key Takeaways from the Hadith:

333
00:17:35,690 --> 00:17:39,170
The hadith highlights the virtue of this Ummah.

334
00:17:39,170 --> 00:17:41,730
It establishes acting upon outward appearances,

335
00:17:41,730 --> 00:17:44,410
while Allah alone takes charge of inward secrets.

336
00:17:44,410 --> 00:17:49,569
It permits mentioning a person's good or evil traits out of necessity,

337
00:17:49,569 --> 00:17:52,450
and this does not count as prohibited backbiting.

338
00:17:52,450 --> 00:17:58,400
It permits bearing testimony prior to being formally requested to testify.

339
00:17:58,400 --> 00:18:02,390
Chapter: What Has Been Transmitted Regarding the Punishment of the Grave

340
00:18:02,430 --> 00:18:06,029
On the authority of al-Bara' ibn 'Azib (may Allah be pleased with both of them),

341
00:18:06,029 --> 00:18:10,170
from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said:

342
00:18:10,170 --> 00:18:14,009
"When the believer is made to sit in his grave, he is approached..."

343
00:18:14,009 --> 00:18:15,450
In another narration:

344
00:18:15,450 --> 00:18:18,509
"When the Muslim is questioned in the grave

345
00:18:18,509 --> 00:18:21,869
and then testifies that there is no god but Allah

346
00:18:21,869 --> 00:18:24,960
and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,

347
00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:26,799
that is [the meaning of] His saying:

348
00:18:26,799 --> 00:18:32,329
“Allah confirmeth those who believe by a firm saying in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, and Allah sendeth wrong-doers astray. And Allah doeth what He will.” (14:27)

349
00:18:32,369 --> 00:18:33,730
"Approached"—

350
00:18:33,730 --> 00:18:36,680
meaning, the two angels come to him.

351
00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:40,599
“Allah confirmeth those who believe by a firm saying in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, and Allah sendeth wrong-doers astray. And Allah doeth what He will.” (14:27)

352
00:18:40,599 --> 00:18:44,279
meaning, Allah Almighty grants steadfastness to His believing servants:

353
00:18:44,279 --> 00:18:47,039
so Allah keeps them steadfast in worldly life

354
00:18:47,039 --> 00:18:49,079
upon the arrival of doubts

355
00:18:49,079 --> 00:18:51,160
and upon the arising of desires;

356
00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:55,440
and in the grave during the questioning of the two angels, guiding them to the correct answer;

357
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:57,359
and in the Hereafter at the time of death,

358
00:18:57,359 --> 00:18:59,799
by maintaining steadfastness upon the religion of Islam

359
00:18:59,799 --> 00:19:01,359
and granting righteous endings.

360
00:19:01,799 --> 00:19:04,750
Key Takeaways from the Hadith:

361
00:19:04,750 --> 00:19:09,359
The hadith affirms the questioning by the two angels in the grave.

362
00:19:09,359 --> 00:19:12,200
It shows Allah's granting of success (Exalted and Majestic is He)

363
00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:14,920
to those who believe, guiding them to the correct answer,

364
00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:16,720
so the believer says:

365
00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:18,160
"My Lord is Allah,

366
00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:19,920
my religion is Islam,

367
00:19:19,920 --> 00:19:23,960
and my Prophet is Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."

368
00:19:23,960 --> 00:19:27,400
It demonstrates the virtue of the statement of monotheism (Tawhid).

369
00:19:27,400 --> 00:19:32,289
On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them), who said:

370
00:19:32,329 --> 00:19:35,079
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) looked down

371
00:19:35,079 --> 00:19:37,079
upon the people of the well [at Badr]

372
00:19:37,079 --> 00:19:38,319
and spoke [to them].

373
00:19:38,319 --> 00:19:41,880
“And the dwellers of the Garden cry unto the dwellers of the Fire: We have found that which our Lord promised us (to be) the Truth. Have ye (too) found that which your Lord promised the Truth? They say: Yea, verily. And a crier in between them crieth: The curse of Allah is on evil-doers,” (7:44)

374
00:19:41,880 --> 00:19:43,240
It was said to him:

375
00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:45,279
"Are you calling out to dead bodies?"

376
00:19:45,279 --> 00:19:46,759
He replied:

377
00:19:46,759 --> 00:19:49,240
"You do not hear what I say any better than they do,

378
00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:51,839
but they cannot respond."

379
00:19:51,839 --> 00:19:55,079
Commentary on the Hadith:

380
00:19:55,079 --> 00:19:57,759
"Looked down"—meaning, he observed

381
00:19:57,759 --> 00:20:00,269
the people of the well.

382
00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:03,190
"The people of the well"—

383
00:20:03,190 --> 00:20:04,230
*Al-Qalib*

384
00:20:04,230 --> 00:20:06,670
refers to an unlined well before its interior is cased with stone.

385
00:20:06,670 --> 00:20:08,509
"The people of the well of Badr" refers to

386
00:20:08,509 --> 00:20:11,029
Abu Jahl, Umayyah ibn Khalaf,

387
00:20:11,029 --> 00:20:13,049
and their companions.

388
00:20:16,599 --> 00:20:20,920
The hadith indicates that the dead can hear the living.

389
00:20:20,920 --> 00:20:25,359
It demonstrates that a disbeliever is not buried in the graveyards of the Muslims.

390
00:20:25,359 --> 00:20:31,500
The hadith points to the reality of the punishment of the grave.

391
00:20:31,619 --> 00:20:33,539
On the authority of 'Urwah, who said:

392
00:20:33,539 --> 00:20:36,819
It was mentioned in the presence of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her)

393
00:20:36,819 --> 00:20:41,500
that Ibn 'Umar attributed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) the statement:

394
00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:46,059
"The deceased is punished in his grave due to his family's weeping over him."

395
00:20:46,059 --> 00:20:47,299
She said:

396
00:20:47,299 --> 00:20:48,579
"May Allah forgive him!

397
00:20:48,579 --> 00:20:52,940
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) only said:

398
00:20:52,940 --> 00:20:56,859
'He is being punished for his sins and transgressions,

399
00:20:56,859 --> 00:21:00,460
while his family is weeping over him right now.'"

400
00:21:00,500 --> 00:21:01,539
She continued:

401
00:21:01,539 --> 00:21:03,539
"That is just like his saying

402
00:21:03,539 --> 00:21:06,460
that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

403
00:21:06,460 --> 00:21:08,180
stood over the well

404
00:21:08,180 --> 00:21:11,500
containing the slain polytheists of Badr

405
00:21:11,500 --> 00:21:13,940
He said to them what he said,

406
00:21:13,940 --> 00:21:16,940
"They indeed hear what I say."

407
00:21:16,940 --> 00:21:18,660
She said, "He only said:

408
00:21:18,660 --> 00:21:23,930
'They now know that what I used to tell them was the truth.'"

409
00:21:23,930 --> 00:21:25,490
Then she recited:

410
00:21:25,490 --> 00:21:28,490
"Indeed, you cannot make the dead hear."

411
00:21:28,490 --> 00:21:32,559
“Nor are the living equal with the dead. Lo! Allah maketh whom He will to hear. Thou canst not reach those who are in the graves.” (35:22)

412
00:21:32,559 --> 00:21:37,500
He said this when they had already taken their seats in the Hellfire.

413
00:21:37,500 --> 00:21:40,880
Commentary on the Hadith:

414
00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:42,640
"...due to the weeping of his family..."

415
00:21:42,640 --> 00:21:45,759
That is, because of his family's weeping over him.

416
00:21:45,759 --> 00:21:46,920
"She mistook..."

417
00:21:46,920 --> 00:21:49,599
Meaning her perception went in that direction.

418
00:21:49,599 --> 00:21:52,539
It was also said that she overlooked or made an oversight.

419
00:21:52,539 --> 00:21:55,940
"...he is being punished for his own sin and transgression..."

420
00:21:55,940 --> 00:21:59,099
Meaning because of his sins and transgressions.

421
00:21:59,099 --> 00:22:01,539
"Indeed, you cannot make the dead hear..."

422
00:22:01,539 --> 00:22:04,609
That is, when you call upon them and summon them.

423
00:22:04,609 --> 00:22:07,809
"...when they had taken their seats in the Hellfire."

424
00:22:07,809 --> 00:22:11,559
Meaning when they took their abodes in the Hellfire.

425
00:22:11,559 --> 00:22:15,420
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

426
00:22:15,420 --> 00:22:17,500
Derived from the hadith is:

427
00:22:17,500 --> 00:22:22,849
An illustration of the decorum of scholars when differing on scholarly issues.

428
00:22:22,849 --> 00:22:27,130
The hadith indicates that sins are a cause for punishment in the grave.

429
00:22:27,170 --> 00:22:31,329
The hadith shows that the disbeliever sees his seat in the Hellfire.

430
00:22:31,329 --> 00:22:37,240
It demonstrates the importance of the Companion's Tafsir.

431
00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:40,960
Chapter: Seeking Refuge from the Punishment of the Grave

432
00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:44,519
Narrated Abu Ayyub (may Allah be pleased with him):

433
00:22:44,519 --> 00:22:47,319
The Prophet (peace be upon him) went out

434
00:22:47,319 --> 00:22:49,599
after the sun had set,

435
00:22:49,599 --> 00:22:51,599
and he heard a voice.

436
00:22:51,599 --> 00:22:53,000
He said,

437
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:56,960
"Jews are being punished in their graves."

438
00:22:56,960 --> 00:23:00,509
Commentary on the Hadith:

439
00:23:00,509 --> 00:23:01,990
"The sun had set..."

440
00:23:01,990 --> 00:23:03,269
That is, it had fallen.

441
00:23:03,269 --> 00:23:06,279
Meaning it had gone down.

442
00:23:06,279 --> 00:23:09,839
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

443
00:23:09,839 --> 00:23:12,400
The hadith contains one of the supreme signs of Prophethood,

444
00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:17,519
as Allah Almighty enabled His Prophet (peace be upon him) to hear the voices of Jews

445
00:23:17,519 --> 00:23:19,960
being punished in their graves.

446
00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:24,640
The hadith indicates that Jews are among those who are punished in their graves.

447
00:23:24,640 --> 00:23:28,319
The hadith provides proof of the invalidity of the Jewish creed,

448
00:23:28,319 --> 00:23:34,839
and that Allah Almighty accepts no religion from them other than Islam.

449
00:23:34,839 --> 00:23:38,039
On the authority of the daughter of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As,

450
00:23:38,039 --> 00:23:41,599
that she heard the Prophet (peace be upon him)

451
00:23:41,599 --> 00:23:45,359
seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave.

452
00:23:45,359 --> 00:23:48,740
Commentary on the Hadith:

453
00:23:48,740 --> 00:23:51,859
"On the authority of the daughter of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As..."

454
00:23:51,859 --> 00:23:53,539
Her name was Amat,

455
00:23:53,539 --> 00:23:56,619
and her kunyah was Umm Khalid al-Amawiyyah.

456
00:23:56,619 --> 00:23:58,960
She was born in Abyssinia.

457
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:02,460
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

458
00:24:02,460 --> 00:24:06,539
The hadith shows that a young female child may retain and transmit a hadith.

459
00:24:06,539 --> 00:24:09,740
It demonstrates the keen eagerness of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them)

460
00:24:09,740 --> 00:24:15,400
to follow the guidance of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

461
00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:19,190
Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

462
00:24:19,190 --> 00:24:24,349
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to supplicate, saying:

463
00:24:24,349 --> 00:24:28,109
"O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave,

464
00:24:28,109 --> 00:24:30,150
and from the punishment of the Hellfire,

465
00:24:30,309 --> 00:24:33,029
and from the trials of life and death,

466
00:24:33,029 --> 00:24:35,789
and from the trial of the False Messiah."

467
00:24:37,319 --> 00:24:39,000
Commentary on the Hadith:

468
00:24:40,710 --> 00:24:45,809
"I seek refuge in You..." meaning I seek protection with Allah Almighty and turn to Him.

469
00:24:45,809 --> 00:24:49,250
"The trial of life..." meaning the afflictions during one's lifetime.

470
00:24:49,250 --> 00:24:53,690
"...and of death..." meaning the trial of death, which is the punishment of the grave.

471
00:24:53,690 --> 00:24:56,730
"...and from the trial of the False Messiah."

472
00:24:56,730 --> 00:24:59,329
The False Messiah (Dajjal) is among the trials of life,

473
00:24:59,329 --> 00:25:03,329
mentioned specifically to emphasize his extreme danger and the severity of his trial.

474
00:25:03,329 --> 00:25:06,619
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

475
00:25:06,619 --> 00:25:09,319
Derived from the hadith is:

476
00:25:09,319 --> 00:25:14,319
Resorting to Allah Almighty for protection against all tribulations.

477
00:25:14,319 --> 00:25:18,319
The hadith contains an indication to avoid exposing oneself to trials.

478
00:25:18,319 --> 00:25:21,319
It highlights the virtue and importance of supplication.

479
00:25:21,319 --> 00:25:28,529
Chapter: The Deceased is Shown Their Seat Morning and Evening

480
00:25:29,529 --> 00:25:34,650
On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both):

481
00:25:34,650 --> 00:25:38,650
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

482
00:25:38,650 --> 00:25:41,750
"When any one of you dies,

483
00:25:41,750 --> 00:25:45,809
his seat is shown to him morning and evening.

484
00:25:45,809 --> 00:25:49,809
If he is among the people of Paradise, then from the people of Paradise;

485
00:25:49,809 --> 00:25:54,809
and if he is among the people of the Hellfire, then from the people of the Hellfire.

486
00:25:54,809 --> 00:26:00,809
It will be said to him, 'This is your seat until Allah resurrects you on the Day of Resurrection.'"

487
00:26:00,809 --> 00:26:05,059
Commentary on the Hadith:

488
00:26:05,059 --> 00:26:11,059
"His seat is shown to him..." meaning he sees his abode and place

489
00:26:11,059 --> 00:26:15,059
"...morning and evening..." meaning morning and night.

490
00:26:15,059 --> 00:26:18,160
"...until Allah resurrects you on the Day of Resurrection."

491
00:26:18,160 --> 00:26:22,539
Meaning from your grave for the Gathering and Reckoning.

492
00:26:22,539 --> 00:26:26,339
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

493
00:26:26,339 --> 00:26:31,339
The hadith shows that Paradise and the Hellfire are created and presently exist.

494
00:26:31,339 --> 00:26:39,359
The hadith indicates that the deceased knows their destination and seat in Paradise or the Hellfire.

495
00:26:39,359 --> 00:26:43,900
Chapter: What Has Been Said Regarding the Children of the Muslims

496
00:26:43,900 --> 00:26:46,900
Narrated Al-Bara' (may Allah be pleased with him):

497
00:26:46,900 --> 00:26:49,900
When Ibrahim (peace be upon him) passed away,

498
00:26:49,900 --> 00:26:53,900
the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

499
00:26:53,900 --> 00:26:57,440
"Indeed, he has a wet nurse in Paradise."

500
00:26:57,440 --> 00:27:01,049
Commentary on the Hadith:

501
00:27:01,049 --> 00:27:04,049
"Indeed, he has a wet nurse in Paradise..."

502
00:27:04,049 --> 00:27:07,400
Meaning someone to complete his suckling in Paradise.

503
00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:11,009
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

504
00:27:11,009 --> 00:27:16,009
Derived from the hadith is that the children of the Muslims go to Paradise.

505
00:27:16,009 --> 00:27:21,009
The hadith contains an indication that full suckling spans two years,

506
00:27:21,009 --> 00:27:26,059
because Ibrahim passed away before reaching two years of age.

507
00:27:26,059 --> 00:27:30,799
Chapter: What Has Been Said Regarding the Children of the Polytheists

508
00:27:30,799 --> 00:27:34,799
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both):

509
00:27:34,799 --> 00:27:37,799
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was asked

510
00:27:37,799 --> 00:27:39,799
about the children of the polytheists.

511
00:27:39,799 --> 00:27:41,799
He said:

512
00:27:41,799 --> 00:27:46,920
"Allah knew best what they would have done when He created them."

513
00:27:46,920 --> 00:27:50,920
And narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):

514
00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:52,920
The Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked

515
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:55,920
about the offspring of the polytheists,

516
00:27:56,920 --> 00:28:01,500
and he said, "Allah knows best what they would have done."

517
00:28:01,500 --> 00:28:05,009
Commentary on the Hadith:

518
00:28:05,009 --> 00:28:08,009
"When He created them..." meaning at the time He created them.

519
00:28:08,009 --> 00:28:11,009
"...knew best what they would have done."

520
00:28:11,009 --> 00:28:15,009
Meaning He, Glorified and Exalted be He, knows upon which religion they would die

521
00:28:15,009 --> 00:28:18,200
had they lived to reach the age of accountability and action.

522
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:21,200
"The offspring of the polytheists..." meaning their children;

523
00:28:21,200 --> 00:28:26,200
the reference is to those among them who die young before reaching puberty.

524
00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:30,289
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

525
00:28:30,289 --> 00:28:32,289
Derived from the hadith is:

526
00:28:32,289 --> 00:28:35,289
Affirmation of the attribute of knowledge for Allah Almighty,

527
00:28:35,289 --> 00:28:37,289
the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed.

528
00:28:37,289 --> 00:28:40,359
The hadith indicates that He, Glorified and Exalted be He,

529
00:28:40,359 --> 00:28:42,359
does not wrong anyone.

530
00:28:42,359 --> 00:28:47,309
Chapter: Sudden, Unexpected Death

531
00:28:47,309 --> 00:28:51,109
On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her):

532
00:28:51,109 --> 00:28:55,109
A man said to the Prophet (peace be upon him),

533
00:28:55,109 --> 00:28:58,109
"My mother died suddenly,

534
00:28:58,109 --> 00:29:02,109
and I think that had she been able to speak, she would have given charity.

535
00:29:02,109 --> 00:29:06,109
Will she receive a reward if I give charity on her behalf?"

536
00:29:06,109 --> 00:29:08,109
He replied, "Yes."

537
00:29:08,109 --> 00:29:11,559
Commentary on the Hadith:

538
00:29:11,559 --> 00:29:13,910
"Sudden and unexpected death..."

539
00:29:13,910 --> 00:29:17,910
Refers to death coming upon a person abruptly without them realizing it.

540
00:29:17,910 --> 00:29:22,039
"A man..." refers to Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him).

541
00:29:22,039 --> 00:29:25,039
"...died suddenly..."

542
00:29:25,039 --> 00:29:27,039
Meaning she passed away unexpectedly.

543
00:29:27,039 --> 00:29:30,099
"...and I think that had she been able to speak, she would have given charity."

544
00:29:30,099 --> 00:29:34,099
He knew this from her love for goodness and giving charity.

545
00:29:34,099 --> 00:29:37,390
Key Benefits of the Hadith:

546
00:29:37,390 --> 00:29:40,160
Derived from the hadith is:

547
00:29:40,160 --> 00:29:43,160
The permissibility of giving charity on behalf of the deceased.

548
00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:46,160
Giving charity on behalf of one's parents is even more emphasized,

549
00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:50,160
and righteousness toward parents does not cease with their death.