WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.759
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

00:00:02.759 --> 00:00:32.229
A brief and subtle commentary

00:00:32.229 --> 00:00:35.229
on the book *Bitaqat al-Ta'rif* (Identification Cards).

00:00:35.229 --> 00:00:38.229
with the surahs of the Noble Qur'an.

00:00:38.229 --> 00:00:42.229
by Dr. Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz Ibn 'Umar Nasif.

00:00:42.229 --> 00:00:44.390
May Allah preserve him.

00:00:44.390 --> 00:00:46.390
Surah An-Nur.

00:00:46.390 --> 00:00:51.390
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah.

00:00:51.390 --> 00:00:53.390
We are still following this subtle, gentle commentary.

00:00:53.390 --> 00:00:55.520
on identity cards

00:00:55.520 --> 00:00:58.030
with Surat al-Nur.

00:00:58.030 --> 00:01:00.100
I ask Allah to illuminate

00:01:00.100 --> 00:01:02.320
our homes.

00:01:02.320 --> 00:01:04.319
our societies, and our Ummah.

00:01:04.319 --> 00:01:06.319
with the light of the Magnificent Qur'an.

00:01:06.319 --> 00:01:09.510
And I have three reflections on this Surah:

00:01:09.510 --> 00:01:11.510
The first point of reflection concerns its virtues.

00:01:11.510 --> 00:01:13.640
And I have not found any specific virtue mentioned exclusively for it.

00:01:13.640 --> 00:01:15.670
and so he affirmed it.

00:01:15.670 --> 00:01:17.670
what 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab wrote,

00:01:17.670 --> 00:01:19.670
may Allah be pleased with him.

00:01:19.670 --> 00:01:21.829
This indicates that

00:01:21.829 --> 00:01:23.829
Among the things he counseled was

00:01:23.829 --> 00:01:25.829
the rulers, or

00:01:25.829 --> 00:01:27.829
across the various regions.

00:01:27.829 --> 00:01:29.829
He said, "'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote:

00:01:29.829 --> 00:01:31.829
Learn.

00:01:31.829 --> 00:01:33.829
Surat Bara'ah (at-Tawbah)

00:01:33.829 --> 00:01:35.829
and teach your women Surat an-Nur.

00:01:35.829 --> 00:01:38.310
And here,

00:01:38.310 --> 00:01:40.310
I would like to pause and address the issue of virtues.

00:01:40.310 --> 00:01:42.790
Thus, virtues

00:01:42.790 --> 00:01:44.790
it offers benefits across several dimensions, including the aspect of

00:01:44.790 --> 00:01:46.790
known to everyone, which is that a surah may have

00:01:46.790 --> 00:01:48.790
a specified reward

00:01:48.790 --> 00:01:50.790
is recorded for its reciter

00:01:50.790 --> 00:01:52.790
or had memorized it, for example.

00:01:52.790 --> 00:01:54.790
in a specific place, so a person should be keen

00:01:54.790 --> 00:01:57.109
Accordingly,

00:01:57.109 --> 00:01:59.109
However, there are aspects where I will merely touch upon them briefly.

00:01:59.109 --> 00:02:01.109
Right here beside me.

00:02:01.109 --> 00:02:03.140
actively realizing its virtue

00:02:03.140 --> 00:02:05.140
Thus, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab advises,

00:02:05.140 --> 00:02:07.140
Governors and officials

00:02:07.140 --> 00:02:09.139
to teach women

00:02:09.139 --> 00:02:11.340
Surat an-Nur.

00:02:11.340 --> 00:02:13.620
And this

00:02:13.620 --> 00:02:15.620
He realizes the importance of

00:02:15.620 --> 00:02:17.620
This Surah is for women.

00:02:17.620 --> 00:02:19.620
even though it was revealed for both men and women.

00:02:19.620 --> 00:02:21.620
Men are likewise called upon to learn this surah.

00:02:21.620 --> 00:02:23.780
Absolutely.

00:02:23.780 --> 00:02:25.780
However, women have a particular distinction.

00:02:25.780 --> 00:02:27.780
Perhaps what points to its particularity,

00:02:27.780 --> 00:02:29.780
women in this surah.

00:02:29.780 --> 00:02:31.780
what he pointed out

00:02:31.780 --> 00:02:33.780
Sidi al-Tahir Ibn 'Ashur.

00:02:33.780 --> 00:02:35.780
in his Tafsir.

00:02:35.780 --> 00:02:37.780
In his commentary on the words of Allah Almighty:

00:02:37.780 --> 00:02:39.780
"The woman and the man guilty of unlawful sexual intercourse..."

00:02:39.780 --> 00:02:41.780
So they were each flogged one hundred lashes.

00:02:41.780 --> 00:02:43.780
for he indeed spoke.

00:02:43.780 --> 00:02:45.780
as was his habit of meticulous scrutiny

00:02:45.780 --> 00:02:47.780
It is a highly recommended book.

00:02:47.780 --> 00:02:49.780
for someone who receives questions regarding the Qur'an.

00:02:49.780 --> 00:02:51.780
Why is one mentioned first here and deferred there?

00:02:51.780 --> 00:02:53.780
and it was made definite here and indefinite there.

00:02:53.780 --> 00:02:55.780
And he mentioned here

00:02:55.780 --> 00:02:57.780
you find that he possesses scholarly discourse.

00:02:57.780 --> 00:02:59.979
Just a minute.

00:02:59.979 --> 00:03:01.979
He explained the reason for mentioning the female adulterer before the male adulterer,

00:03:01.979 --> 00:03:03.979
The norm is that the man is mentioned first.

00:03:03.979 --> 00:03:05.979
Then the woman—why was the woman specifically mentioned?

00:03:05.979 --> 00:03:07.979
Here, he first said:

00:03:07.979 --> 00:03:09.979
And the female adulterer was mentioned before the male adulterer.

00:03:09.979 --> 00:03:11.979
for paying close attention to the ruling.

00:03:11.979 --> 00:03:13.979
because a woman

00:03:13.979 --> 00:03:15.979
It is the motive behind

00:03:15.979 --> 00:03:17.979
the man.

00:03:17.979 --> 00:03:19.979
and that the man had not seen the woman.

00:03:19.979 --> 00:03:21.979
he did not mix with the woman.

00:03:21.979 --> 00:03:23.979
He did not interact with women.

00:03:23.979 --> 00:03:25.979
Indeed, regarding the motive behind her committing adultery, it was said,

00:03:25.979 --> 00:03:28.009
He said, "And by her assisting the man..."

00:03:28.009 --> 00:03:30.009
by helping her.

00:03:30.009 --> 00:03:32.009
and her assisting the man.

00:03:32.009 --> 00:03:34.039
unlawful sexual intercourse (zina) occurs.

00:03:34.039 --> 00:03:36.039
And if a woman refuses her husband intimacy,

00:03:36.039 --> 00:03:38.330
in her hijab.

00:03:38.330 --> 00:03:40.460
and her modesty, covering, and chastity.

00:03:40.460 --> 00:03:42.460
and say whatever you wish.

00:03:42.460 --> 00:03:44.460
Among what is required of a woman

00:03:44.460 --> 00:03:46.460
a man would find no way to commit adultery.

00:03:47.939 --> 00:03:49.939
Thus, mentioning the woman first in this context

00:03:49.939 --> 00:03:51.939
Because it conveys a stronger warning against it.

00:03:51.939 --> 00:03:53.939
When it is mentioned first, you know that it holds greater importance here.

00:03:53.939 --> 00:03:55.939
and she should take care of herself.

00:03:55.939 --> 00:03:58.129
Then observe,

00:03:58.129 --> 00:04:00.129
...the remainder of his words, for they are truly invaluable.

00:04:00.129 --> 00:04:02.129
He said: "And the statement of each one of them..."

00:04:02.129 --> 00:04:04.129
Meaning, Allah said:

00:04:04.129 --> 00:04:06.129
"The female fornicator and the male fornicator," so He mentioned the female first,

00:04:06.129 --> 00:04:08.129
of a woman over a man.

00:04:08.129 --> 00:04:10.129
flog each of them

00:04:10.129 --> 00:04:12.129
Each one of them

00:04:12.129 --> 00:04:14.129
He said: And regarding his statement, "Each of the two..."

00:04:14.129 --> 00:04:16.129
to indicate that neither of them is

00:04:17.129 --> 00:04:19.129
In terms of punishment, they are equal.

00:04:19.129 --> 00:04:21.129
And in terms of warning,

00:04:21.129 --> 00:04:23.129
A woman must be even more cautious.

00:04:23.129 --> 00:04:25.129
For had she preserved her modesty and chastity,

00:04:25.129 --> 00:04:27.129
as long as men could find a way to it.

00:04:27.129 --> 00:04:29.420
a way.

00:04:29.420 --> 00:04:31.420
The second pause pertains to what you mentioned

00:04:31.420 --> 00:04:33.420
Under the dating of the surah's revelation,

00:04:33.420 --> 00:04:35.420
namely, that

00:04:35.420 --> 00:04:37.420
regarding the occasions of revelation.

00:04:37.420 --> 00:04:39.420
The verses of the surah.

00:04:39.420 --> 00:04:41.420
and the legal rulings mentioned therein.

00:04:41.420 --> 00:04:43.420
what helps in understanding

00:04:43.420 --> 00:04:45.420
History.

00:04:45.420 --> 00:04:47.420
regarding specific individuals and events.

00:04:47.420 --> 00:04:49.480
specific.

00:04:49.480 --> 00:04:51.480
Note that there are contexts of revelation for the surah.

00:04:51.480 --> 00:04:53.480
Furthermore, there are legal rulings

00:04:53.480 --> 00:04:55.540
are mentioned in the surah.

00:04:55.540 --> 00:04:57.540
both this and that

00:04:57.540 --> 00:04:59.699
It aids in understanding chronology and historical context.

00:04:59.699 --> 00:05:01.699
However, the question remains:

00:05:01.699 --> 00:05:03.699
Why did I not specify the date?

00:05:03.699 --> 00:05:05.699
Because this requires careful study.

00:05:05.699 --> 00:05:07.699
in which the occasions of revelation (asbab al-nuzul) are printed.

00:05:07.699 --> 00:05:09.699
due to its various transmission routes which

00:05:09.699 --> 00:05:11.699
clarifies the names of individuals.

00:05:11.699 --> 00:05:13.699
as well as events and places.

00:05:13.699 --> 00:05:15.699
And this, of course,

00:05:15.699 --> 00:05:17.699
It does not mean that the entire surah becomes

00:05:17.699 --> 00:05:19.699
were revealed all at once.

00:05:19.699 --> 00:05:21.699
Rather, it may be—and this is most often the case—

00:05:21.699 --> 00:05:23.699
revealed separately at different times.

00:05:23.699 --> 00:05:25.699
Thus, he suffers sleeplessness over each and every part of it,

00:05:25.699 --> 00:05:27.699
a specific dating system.

00:05:27.699 --> 00:05:29.699
It is known by what I have mentioned.

00:05:29.699 --> 00:05:31.699
because of its connection to specific people and events.

00:05:31.699 --> 00:05:33.699
Therefore, the occasions of revelation and the legal rulings

00:05:33.699 --> 00:05:35.699
...is tied to specific individuals and events.

00:05:35.699 --> 00:05:37.769
Once these individuals are identified,

00:05:37.769 --> 00:05:39.769
and knew the events.

00:05:39.769 --> 00:05:41.769
We came to know a history

00:05:41.769 --> 00:05:43.769
to the various verses of the surah.

00:05:43.769 --> 00:05:45.769
Of course, some of them are very clear.

00:05:45.769 --> 00:05:47.769
such as the incident of the slander (Ifk),

00:05:47.769 --> 00:05:49.769
and some of them were revealed concerning the punishment of

00:05:49.769 --> 00:05:51.769
Take, for instance, the Incident of the Slander (al-Ifk).

00:05:51.769 --> 00:05:53.769
"And let not those of virtue and abundance among you swear..."

00:05:53.769 --> 00:05:55.769
All of this requires thorough inductive investigation.

00:05:55.769 --> 00:05:57.769
Rather, my intention was simply to open the door to this topic.

00:05:57.769 --> 00:05:59.990
As I have often mentioned,

00:05:59.990 --> 00:06:01.990
The final issue:

00:06:01.990 --> 00:06:03.990
brings us to the third and final reflection.

00:06:03.990 --> 00:06:06.019
along with dividing the surah into thematic sections.

00:06:06.019 --> 00:06:08.279
and the way it is structured is truly remarkable.

00:06:08.279 --> 00:06:11.050
Thus, they are divided into three categories.

00:06:11.050 --> 00:06:13.050
The first of these consists of legislation and legal rulings,

00:06:13.050 --> 00:06:17.689
The second is gaining knowledge of Allah, the Possessor of Majesty and Honor.

00:06:17.689 --> 00:06:19.819
And thirdly,

00:06:19.819 --> 00:06:21.819
It is a nurture rooted in complete submission to Allah.

00:06:21.819 --> 00:06:23.819
while mentioning additional rulings.

00:06:23.819 --> 00:06:26.100
Rulings in their initial stages

00:06:26.100 --> 00:06:28.100
And at the end of it,

00:06:28.100 --> 00:06:30.100
And right in the middle of it lies the Verse of Light.

00:06:30.100 --> 00:06:32.100
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth.

00:06:32.100 --> 00:06:34.100
along with other verses.

00:06:34.100 --> 00:06:36.100
Come to know Allah, glorified and exalted be He.

00:06:36.100 --> 00:06:38.139
This is because surrender

00:06:38.139 --> 00:06:40.139
The sought-after category in the third division.

00:06:40.139 --> 00:06:42.139
It cannot be

00:06:42.139 --> 00:06:44.139
except through the knowledge of Allah.

00:06:44.139 --> 00:06:46.139
Glory be to Him, the Exalted, first and foremost.

00:06:46.139 --> 00:06:48.139
And the more one's knowledge increases,

00:06:48.139 --> 00:06:50.139
She gave birth.

00:06:50.139 --> 00:06:52.139
Submit entirely to Allah.

00:06:52.139 --> 00:06:54.139
And out of eagerness to implement

00:06:54.139 --> 00:06:56.139
The rulings of Allah, glorified and exalted be He.

00:06:56.139 --> 00:06:59.160
And we notice here

00:06:59.160 --> 00:07:01.160
And you will notice

00:07:01.160 --> 00:07:03.160
The first category is at its end

00:07:03.160 --> 00:07:05.160
And concluding by emphasizing the revelation [of the Scripture],

00:07:05.160 --> 00:07:07.160
clear, illuminating verses

00:07:07.160 --> 00:07:09.160
For the Muslims

00:07:09.160 --> 00:07:11.160
Let us examine the words of Allah Almighty:

00:07:11.160 --> 00:07:13.160
And We have certainly sent down to you clarifying verses

00:07:13.160 --> 00:07:15.160
The word "to you" occurs in it.

00:07:15.160 --> 00:07:17.160
It is for this reason that these verses were revealed.

00:07:17.160 --> 00:07:19.610
for Muslims, and these are the rulings.

00:07:19.610 --> 00:07:21.610
and an admonition for the God-fearing.

00:07:21.610 --> 00:07:23.610
Because the remainder of the verse—for example, "And among those who"—

00:07:23.610 --> 00:07:25.610
made them an exemplary punishment for those who came before them and a lesson for the righteous.

00:07:25.610 --> 00:07:27.610
However, in the second section,

00:07:27.610 --> 00:07:29.610
he mentioned concluding with an emphasis on

00:07:29.610 --> 00:07:31.610
the revelation of clear, clarifying verses.

00:07:31.610 --> 00:07:33.610
These verses are not exclusive to Muslims,

00:07:33.610 --> 00:07:35.610
because they are verses that introduce Allah.

00:07:35.610 --> 00:07:37.610
For while introducing legal rulings is tailored specifically [for believers],

00:07:37.610 --> 00:07:39.610
introducing Allah and His signs

00:07:39.610 --> 00:07:41.610
is suitable for all humanity.

00:07:41.610 --> 00:07:43.610
And that is why it came in this form;

00:07:43.610 --> 00:07:45.610
“Verily We have sent down revelations and explained them. Allah guideth whom He will unto a straight path.” (24:46)

00:07:45.610 --> 00:07:47.610
the phrase "for you" was not mentioned in it.

00:07:47.610 --> 00:07:49.610
For this reason, I did not specify here

00:07:49.610 --> 00:07:51.610
that it was exclusively "for Muslims," because the verse

00:07:51.610 --> 00:07:53.610
is general, emphasizing that guidance is entirely in Allah's hands.

00:07:53.610 --> 00:07:55.610
Furthermore, conclude with an addition

00:07:55.610 --> 00:07:57.610
that we place at the end of the third section,

00:07:57.610 --> 00:07:59.800
which is:

00:07:59.800 --> 00:08:01.800
concluding with the truth that whatever

00:08:01.800 --> 00:08:03.800
is in the heavens and the earth

00:08:03.800 --> 00:08:05.829
belongs to Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He,

00:08:05.829 --> 00:08:07.829
and that He, Glorified is He,

00:08:07.829 --> 00:08:09.829
is Knowing of all things.

00:08:09.829 --> 00:08:11.829
Thus, Allah said at the end of this surah:

00:08:11.829 --> 00:08:13.829
"Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth.

00:08:13.829 --> 00:08:15.829
“Lo! verily unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth. He knoweth your condition. And (He knoweth) the Day when they are returned unto Him so that He may inform them of what they did. Allah is Knower of all things.” (24:64)

00:08:15.829 --> 00:08:17.829
And [know] the Day they are returned to Him, He will inform them

00:08:17.829 --> 00:08:19.829
of what they did. And Allah

00:08:19.829 --> 00:08:21.829
is Knowing of all things."

00:08:21.829 --> 00:08:23.829
This reminds us of Surah

00:08:23.829 --> 00:08:25.829
al-Ma'idah alongside al-An'am.

00:08:25.829 --> 00:08:27.829
For the end of al-Ma'idah states: "To Allah belongs

00:08:27.829 --> 00:08:29.829
the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is within them,

00:08:29.829 --> 00:08:31.829
and He is over all things competent."

00:08:31.829 --> 00:08:33.830
Then it was followed by Surah al-An'am,

00:08:33.830 --> 00:08:35.830
which introduces Allah, Glorified

00:08:35.830 --> 00:08:37.830
and Exalted is He.

00:08:37.830 --> 00:08:39.830
And here, the surah concluded with this verse,

00:08:39.830 --> 00:08:42.470
which is a verse that suits

00:08:42.470 --> 00:08:44.470
the preceding rulings, just as

00:08:44.470 --> 00:08:46.470
the verse in al-Ma'idah suited the preceding rulings

00:08:46.470 --> 00:08:48.470
and harmonized with the next surah—the Meccan surah

00:08:48.470 --> 00:08:50.470
that extols and praises Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He—

00:08:50.470 --> 00:08:52.470
[such as Surah al-Furqan]:

00:08:52.470 --> 00:08:54.470
“Blessed is He Who hath revealed unto His slave the Criterion (of right and wrong), that he may be a warner to the peoples.” (25:1)

00:08:54.470 --> 00:08:56.470
"that he may be to the worlds a warner,"

00:08:56.470 --> 00:08:58.470
and in al-An'am: "Praise be to Allah,

00:08:58.470 --> 00:09:00.470
Who created the heavens and the earth

00:09:00.470 --> 00:09:02.470
and made the darkness and the light.

00:09:02.470 --> 00:09:04.470
Then those who disbelieve equate others with their Lord."

00:09:04.470 --> 00:09:06.470
What has been presented is sufficient.

00:09:06.470 --> 00:09:08.470
May the peace and blessings of my Lord be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Companions

00:09:08.470 --> 00:09:10.470
all together, and praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds.