WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 *Riyadh al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous) from the Words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.539 Chapter: Modesty, Its Virtues, and the Encouragement to Adopt It as a Character Trait 00:00:16.539 --> 00:00:22.059 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:00:22.059 --> 00:00:28.059 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed by a man from the Ansar 00:00:28.059 --> 00:00:31.059 who was admonishing his brother regarding modesty. 00:00:31.059 --> 00:00:34.060 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:00:34.060 --> 00:00:38.060 "Leave him, for modesty is part of faith." 00:00:38.060 --> 00:00:40.060 Agreed upon. 00:00:40.060 --> 00:00:44.799 "Admonishing" means advising him in a reproving manner. 00:00:44.799 --> 00:00:49.929 "Leave him" means let him remain with this noble trait. 00:00:49.929 --> 00:00:53.729 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:00:53.729 --> 00:00:57.109 Modesty is a branch of faith, 00:00:57.109 --> 00:01:02.109 because it prevents a person from committing sins, just as faith prevents him. 00:01:02.109 --> 00:01:06.560 The obligation of enjoining good and forbidding evil, 00:01:06.560 --> 00:01:10.560 and that clarifying a ruling must not be delayed beyond the time of need. 00:01:10.560 --> 00:01:15.620 On the authority of 'Imran Ibn Husayn, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:01:15.620 --> 00:01:19.620 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:01:19.620 --> 00:01:23.620 "Modesty brings nothing but good." 00:01:23.620 --> 00:01:25.620 Agreed upon. 00:01:25.620 --> 00:01:28.620 In a narration by Muslim: 00:01:28.620 --> 00:01:30.620 "Modesty is entirely good," 00:01:30.620 --> 00:01:32.620 or he said: 00:01:32.620 --> 00:01:35.620 "Modesty is all good." 00:01:35.620 --> 00:01:38.769 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:01:38.769 --> 00:01:41.989 Encouragement to adopt the character trait of modesty, 00:01:41.989 --> 00:01:44.989 and that it is beneficial for both the individual and society, 00:01:44.989 --> 00:01:48.989 because it leads one to perform good deeds and abandon evil ones. 00:01:48.989 --> 00:01:54.700 What is meant by modesty in these hadiths is the Islamically praised modesty. 00:01:54.700 --> 00:01:58.700 As for the timidity that leads to neglecting duties 00:01:58.700 --> 00:02:01.700 or the fear of confronting those who commit evil deeds, 00:02:01.700 --> 00:02:03.700 it is not Islamically praised modesty; 00:02:03.700 --> 00:02:06.700 rather, it is weakness, humiliation, and cowardice, 00:02:06.700 --> 00:02:08.699 even if it is named modesty 00:02:08.699 --> 00:02:13.699 due to its outward resemblance to Islamically praised modesty. 00:02:13.699 --> 00:02:17.849 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:02:17.849 --> 00:02:21.849 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:02:21.849 --> 00:02:24.879 "Faith has seventy-odd, 00:02:24.879 --> 00:02:27.879 or sixty-odd, branches. 00:02:27.879 --> 00:02:30.879 The highest of them is saying *La ilaha illa Allah* (There is no deity worthy of worship but Allah), 00:02:30.879 --> 00:02:34.879 and the lowest is removing a harmful object from the road, 00:02:34.879 --> 00:02:38.879 and modesty is a branch of faith." 00:02:38.879 --> 00:02:40.879 Agreed upon. 00:02:40.879 --> 00:02:45.139 "Odd" (*biḍ'*) refers to a number from three to ten. 00:02:45.139 --> 00:02:49.169 "Branch" (*shu'bah*) means a piece or a trait. 00:02:49.169 --> 00:02:53.259 "Removing" (*imāṭah*) means clearing away, and "harmful object" (*adhā*) 00:02:53.259 --> 00:02:57.259 includes anything that harms you, such as stones, thorns, mud, 00:02:57.259 --> 00:03:00.259 ashes, filth, and the like. 00:03:00.259 --> 00:03:04.580 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:03:04.580 --> 00:03:08.620 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was 00:03:08.620 --> 00:03:12.620 more modest than a virgin in her private room. 00:03:12.620 --> 00:03:17.650 If he saw something he disliked, we would recognize it on his face. 00:03:17.650 --> 00:03:19.710 Agreed upon. 00:03:19.710 --> 00:03:21.840 The scholars said: 00:03:21.840 --> 00:03:25.840 The reality of modesty is an inner trait that prompts the abandonment of bad deeds 00:03:25.840 --> 00:03:28.840 and prevents falling short in fulfilling the rights of others. 00:03:28.840 --> 00:03:34.099 We narrated on the authority of Abu al-Qasim al-Junayd, may Allah have mercy on him, who said: 00:03:34.099 --> 00:03:37.099 "Modesty is recognizing divine favors— 00:03:37.099 --> 00:03:41.099 that is, blessings—and recognizing one's own shortcomings; 00:03:41.099 --> 00:03:46.099 between these two, a state is born called modesty." 00:03:46.099 --> 00:03:49.770 "Virgin" (*'adhrā'*) refers to an unmarried woman 00:03:49.770 --> 00:03:52.770 who has never been touched by a man. 00:03:52.770 --> 00:03:57.930 "Private room" (*khidr*) is a curtained corner within the house. 00:03:57.930 --> 00:04:02.060 "We would recognize it on his face" means through the change in his facial expression, 00:04:02.060 --> 00:04:06.060 as he would not speak due to the intensity of his modesty. 00:04:06.060 --> 00:04:09.599 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:04:09.599 --> 00:04:14.629 The necessity of emulating the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in modesty, 00:04:14.629 --> 00:04:17.629 because modesty is a noble character trait. 00:04:17.629 --> 00:04:22.110 Modesty is an innate trait in women. 00:04:22.110 --> 00:04:27.480 Chapter: Keeping Secrets 00:04:27.480 --> 00:04:30.379 Allah Almighty says: 00:04:30.379 --> 00:04:36.379 “Come not near the wealth of the orphan save with that which is better till he come to strength; and keep the covenant. Lo! of the covenant it will be asked.” (17:34) 00:04:36.379 --> 00:04:41.459 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:04:41.459 --> 00:04:45.459 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:04:45.459 --> 00:04:50.589 "Among the most evil of people in status before Allah on the Day of Resurrection 00:04:50.589 --> 00:04:54.589 is a man who lies with his wife and she lies with him, 00:04:54.589 --> 00:04:56.589 and then he discloses her secret." 00:04:56.589 --> 00:04:58.660 Narrated by Muslim. 00:04:58.660 --> 00:05:03.519 "Lies with" (*yufḍī*) is an allusion to marital intimacy. 00:05:03.519 --> 00:05:05.620 "Discloses her secret" 00:05:05.620 --> 00:05:11.620 means mentioning to people the details of what occurs between him and his wife in privacy, 00:05:11.620 --> 00:05:15.620 whether during intimacy or the foreplay preceding it. 00:05:15.620 --> 00:05:19.480 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:05:19.480 --> 00:05:23.670 Divulging marital intimate secrets is a major sin, 00:05:23.670 --> 00:05:26.670 due to the severe warning mentioned regarding it. 00:05:26.670 --> 00:05:30.310 Among the reciprocal rights of spouses is 00:05:30.310 --> 00:05:33.310 preserving each other's secrets. 00:05:33.310 --> 00:05:38.339 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:05:38.339 --> 00:05:43.339 that when Hafsah became a widow, 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:05:43.339 --> 00:05:47.339 said: "I met 'Uthman Ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:05:47.339 --> 00:05:50.339 and offered Hafsah to him in marriage. 00:05:50.339 --> 00:05:55.339 I said: 'If you wish, I will marry Hafsah, daughter of 'Umar, to you.' 00:05:55.339 --> 00:05:58.339 He said: 'I will consider my matter.' 00:05:58.339 --> 00:06:00.339 So I waited a few nights, 00:06:00.339 --> 00:06:02.339 then he met me and said: 00:06:02.339 --> 00:06:06.339 'It has become clear to me that I should not marry at this time.' 00:06:06.339 --> 00:06:10.399 Then I met Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:06:10.399 --> 00:06:15.399 and said: 'If you wish, I will marry Hafsah, daughter of 'Umar, to you.' 00:06:15.399 --> 00:06:18.399 Abu Bakr remained silent 00:06:18.399 --> 00:06:21.399 and did not give me any reply. 00:06:21.399 --> 00:06:25.399 I felt more upset with him than I was with 'Uthman. 00:06:25.399 --> 00:06:27.399 So I waited a few nights, 00:06:27.399 --> 00:06:31.399 and then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, asked for her hand in marriage, 00:06:31.399 --> 00:06:33.399 and I married her to him. 00:06:33.399 --> 00:06:36.430 Afterwards, Abu Bakr met me and said: 00:06:36.430 --> 00:06:40.430 'Perhaps you were upset with me when you offered Hafsah to me 00:06:40.430 --> 00:06:43.430 and I gave you no reply?' 00:06:43.430 --> 00:06:45.430 I said: 'Yes.' 00:06:45.430 --> 00:06:46.430 He said: 00:06:46.430 --> 00:06:51.430 'Nothing prevented me from replying to your offer 00:06:51.430 --> 00:06:57.430 except that I knew the Prophet, peace be upon him, had mentioned her, 00:06:57.430 --> 00:07:02.430 and I was not one to divulge the secret of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:07:02.430 --> 00:07:08.430 Had the Prophet, peace be upon him, left her, I would have accepted her.'" 00:07:08.620 --> 00:07:10.620 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:07:10.620 --> 00:07:12.980 His saying "became a widow" (*ta'ayyamat*) 00:07:12.980 --> 00:07:14.980 means she was left without a husband, 00:07:14.980 --> 00:07:18.980 as her husband had passed away, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:07:18.980 --> 00:07:22.199 "I felt upset" (*wajadtu*) means I became angry. 00:07:22.199 --> 00:07:26.160 "I waited" (*labithtu*) means I stayed waiting. 00:07:26.160 --> 00:07:29.160 "It became clear" (*badā*) means it appeared to me. 00:07:29.160 --> 00:07:33.160 "More upset" (*awjad*) means more angry. 00:07:33.160 --> 00:07:37.160 "To divulge" (*li-ufshiya*) means to spread and disclose. 00:07:37.160 --> 00:07:39.800 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:07:39.800 --> 00:07:45.930 The permissibility of a person offering his daughter or sister in marriage to people of goodness and righteousness, 00:07:45.930 --> 00:07:50.600 due to the benefit that returns to the woman offered. 00:07:50.600 --> 00:07:54.600 The virtue of keeping secrets and taking great care to conceal them. 00:07:54.600 --> 00:07:56.600 However, if the owner of the secret discloses it himself, 00:07:56.600 --> 00:07:59.600 the burden of confidentiality is lifted from whoever heard it. 00:07:59.600 --> 00:08:03.110 Gentle admonition does not spoil affection; 00:08:03.110 --> 00:08:07.110 rather, reproof is proportional to love, as it is said. 00:08:07.110 --> 00:08:12.110 That is why 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was more upset with Abu Bakr 00:08:12.110 --> 00:08:15.110 than he was with 'Uthman, 00:08:15.110 --> 00:08:18.110 because of the abundance of mutual love and high esteem 00:08:18.110 --> 00:08:23.110 that existed between 'Umar and Abu Bakr. 00:08:23.110 --> 00:08:29.040 It is recommended for one to accept a valid excuse when it is presented. 00:08:29.040 --> 00:08:33.039 A previously married woman still requires a guardian for marriage, just like a virgin, 00:08:33.039 --> 00:08:35.039 and she may not conduct her own marriage contract. 00:08:35.039 --> 00:08:40.159 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:08:40.159 --> 00:08:45.159 "The wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, were with him 00:08:45.159 --> 00:08:48.159 when Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, came walking, 00:08:48.159 --> 00:08:55.159 and her gait was identical to that of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:08:55.159 --> 00:08:59.159 When he saw her, he welcomed her and said: 00:08:59.159 --> 00:09:01.159 'Welcome, my daughter!' 00:09:01.159 --> 00:09:05.159 Then he seated her to his right or to his left. 00:09:05.159 --> 00:09:07.159 He then whispered to her, 00:09:07.159 --> 00:09:10.159 and she wept bitterly. 00:09:10.159 --> 00:09:12.159 When he saw her grief, 00:09:12.159 --> 00:09:14.159 he whispered to her a second time, 00:09:14.159 --> 00:09:16.159 and she smiled. 00:09:16.159 --> 00:09:18.159 I said to her: 00:09:18.159 --> 00:09:21.159 'The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, singled you out 00:09:21.159 --> 00:09:24.159 among his wives to share a secret, 00:09:24.159 --> 00:09:26.159 and yet you weep?' 00:09:26.159 --> 00:09:30.159 When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, stood up, 00:09:30.159 --> 00:09:32.159 I asked her: 00:09:32.159 --> 00:09:36.159 'What did the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say to you?' 00:09:36.159 --> 00:09:37.159 She said: 00:09:37.159 --> 00:09:43.259 'I am not one to divulge the secret of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.' 00:09:43.259 --> 00:09:47.259 When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed away, 00:09:47.259 --> 00:09:52.259 I said: 'I adjure you by the right I have over you 00:09:52.259 --> 00:09:58.259 that you tell me what the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to you.' 00:09:58.259 --> 00:10:02.289 She replied: 'Now, yes. 00:10:02.289 --> 00:10:06.289 As for when he whispered to me the first time, 00:10:06.289 --> 00:10:13.289 he informed me that Jibril used to review the Qur'an with him once or twice every year, 00:10:13.289 --> 00:10:16.289 and that he had reviewed it with him twice this year, 00:10:16.289 --> 00:10:20.289 and "I see my appointed time of death as having drawn near; 00:10:20.289 --> 00:10:23.289 so fear Allah and be patient, 00:10:23.289 --> 00:10:26.289 for I am an excellent predecessor for you." 00:10:26.289 --> 00:10:29.509 So I wept as you saw. 00:10:29.509 --> 00:10:34.509 When he saw my grief, he whispered to me a second time and said: 00:10:34.509 --> 00:10:39.509 "O Fatimah, are you not pleased to be the leader of the believing women, 00:10:39.509 --> 00:10:43.539 or the leader of the women of this Ummah?" 00:10:43.539 --> 00:10:46.539 So I laughed as you saw.'" 00:10:46.539 --> 00:10:48.539 Agreed upon, 00:10:48.539 --> 00:10:52.500 and this is the wording of Muslim. 00:10:52.500 --> 00:10:55.500 "Gait" (*mishyah*) refers to the manner of walking. 00:10:55.500 --> 00:10:57.700 "Welcome to you" (*marḥaban bik*) 00:10:57.700 --> 00:11:00.700 means you have arrived at a spacious and comfortable place. 00:11:00.700 --> 00:11:02.889 "He saw her grief" (*jaza'ahā*) 00:11:02.889 --> 00:11:05.889 means her weakness in bearing what she heard. 00:11:05.889 --> 00:11:08.019 "I adjure you" (*'azamtu 'alayki*) 00:11:08.019 --> 00:11:11.019 means I bind you by oath through the right I have over you, 00:11:11.019 --> 00:11:14.019 which is her status as the Mother of the Believers, 00:11:14.019 --> 00:11:17.019 the wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:11:17.019 --> 00:11:19.269 and his beloved. 00:11:19.269 --> 00:11:21.269 "Reviewing the Qur'an" (*yu'āriḍu al-Qur'ān*) 00:11:21.269 --> 00:11:23.269 means studying the Qur'an together, 00:11:23.269 --> 00:11:26.269 which is a reciprocal process from both sides: 00:11:26.269 --> 00:11:30.269 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, would recite 00:11:30.269 --> 00:11:33.269 while Jibril, peace be upon him, listened, 00:11:33.269 --> 00:11:36.269 and then Jibril, peace be upon him, would recite 00:11:36.269 --> 00:11:40.269 while the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, listened. 00:11:40.269 --> 00:11:44.259 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:11:44.259 --> 00:11:47.549 A statement on the virtue of Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:11:47.549 --> 00:11:51.549 and that she is the leader of the women of this Ummah. 00:11:51.549 --> 00:11:55.129 The hadith is among the proofs of prophethood, 00:11:55.129 --> 00:11:59.129 as the Messenger, peace be upon him, informed his daughter 00:11:59.129 --> 00:12:01.129 of the proximity of his passing 00:12:01.129 --> 00:12:05.129 and let her know that she would be the first of his household to join him, 00:12:05.129 --> 00:12:10.129 and it occurred exactly as the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, informed. 00:12:10.129 --> 00:12:14.580 The permissibility of weeping that is free from screaming, wailing, 00:12:14.580 --> 00:12:18.580 lamentation, slapping cheeks, and tearing garments, 00:12:18.580 --> 00:12:23.990 for it is a mercy that Allah has placed in the heart of His believing servant. 00:12:23.990 --> 00:12:26.990 The recommendation of keeping secrets and not disclosing them 00:12:26.990 --> 00:12:29.990 until the reason for withholding them ceases to exist. 00:12:29.990 --> 00:12:34.500 Affirming the rights of the wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:12:34.500 --> 00:12:36.500 over all believing men and women, 00:12:36.500 --> 00:12:39.500 for they are indeed the Mothers of the Believers. 00:12:39.500 --> 00:12:44.019 Reciting the Qur'an before proficient memorizers and reviewing it with them 00:12:44.019 --> 00:12:47.019 is among the essential means of preserving and consolidating its memorization; 00:12:47.019 --> 00:12:51.019 it is an established Sunnah practiced among the people and memorizers of the Qur'an. 00:12:51.019 --> 00:12:56.019 Therefore, every memorizer ought to regularly review and maintain what they have memorized. 00:12:56.019 --> 00:12:59.559 The validity of drawing inferences from circumstantial indicators, 00:12:59.559 --> 00:13:02.559 for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:13:02.559 --> 00:13:06.559 inferred from Gabriel's reviewing the Qur'an with him twice— 00:13:06.559 --> 00:13:10.559 whereas he used to review it with him only once every year— 00:13:10.559 --> 00:13:14.559 the nearness of his appointed time and the approach of his departure from this world. 00:13:14.559 --> 00:13:20.779 On the authority of Thabit, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:13:20.779 --> 00:13:24.809 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to me 00:13:24.809 --> 00:13:26.809 while I was playing with other young boys, 00:13:26.809 --> 00:13:28.809 and he greeted us with peace. 00:13:28.809 --> 00:13:30.809 Then he sent me on an errand, 00:13:30.809 --> 00:13:32.809 which caused me to be late returning to my mother. 00:13:32.809 --> 00:13:34.809 When I arrived, 00:13:34.809 --> 00:13:36.809 she asked, 'What kept you?' 00:13:36.809 --> 00:13:38.809 I said, 00:13:38.809 --> 00:13:42.809 'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent me on an errand.' 00:13:42.809 --> 00:13:45.840 She asked, 'What was his errand?' 00:13:45.840 --> 00:13:48.870 I replied, 'It is a secret.' 00:13:48.870 --> 00:13:56.029 She said, 'Do not disclose the secret of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) to anyone!' 00:13:57.029 --> 00:13:59.059 Anas said, 00:13:59.059 --> 00:14:02.059 'By Allah, if I were ever to tell it to anyone, 00:14:02.059 --> 00:14:05.059 I would certainly have told you, O Thabit.'" 00:14:05.059 --> 00:14:07.059 Related by Muslim, 00:14:07.059 --> 00:14:10.059 and al-Bukhari related part of it in abridged form. 00:14:10.059 --> 00:14:12.799 "I was delayed" (fa-abta'tu) 00:14:12.799 --> 00:14:15.960 means: I was late and my absence lasted longer than usual. 00:14:15.960 --> 00:14:17.960 "What kept you?" (ma habasaka) 00:14:17.960 --> 00:14:20.700 means: What detained or prevented you? 00:14:20.700 --> 00:14:22.700 Among the benefits derived from this hadith: 00:14:22.700 --> 00:14:24.919 The great virtue of Anas ibn Malik, 00:14:24.919 --> 00:14:26.919 his remarkable gentleness, 00:14:26.919 --> 00:14:29.919 the sincerity of his trustworthiness and loyalty, 00:14:29.919 --> 00:14:33.919 and his meticulous keeping of the secret of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:14:33.919 --> 00:14:36.460 both during his lifetime and after his death. 00:14:36.460 --> 00:14:39.460 The excellent upbringing provided by Umm Sulaym to her son, 00:14:39.460 --> 00:14:42.460 as she instructed him never to disclose 00:14:42.460 --> 00:14:45.460 the secret of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:14:45.460 --> 00:14:49.909 Keeping the secrets of one's brethren and not divulging them 00:14:49.909 --> 00:14:54.330 is among the noblest of manners and Islamic etiquettes. 00:14:54.330 --> 00:14:57.330 What must be understood regarding the preservation of secrets 00:14:57.330 --> 00:14:59.330 is that it is impermissible to divulge a secret 00:14:59.330 --> 00:15:03.330 if doing so would cause harm to its owner during his lifetime. 00:15:03.330 --> 00:15:07.330 Likewise, if he passes away and it is known that revealing it would bring him reproach or dishonor, 00:15:07.330 --> 00:15:10.330 it is not permissible to mention that secret. 00:15:10.330 --> 00:15:13.330 However, if disclosing it highlights a virtue or honor for him, 00:15:13.330 --> 00:15:15.330 then there is no harm in mentioning it. 00:15:15.330 --> 00:15:19.779 If keeping a secret would result in unlawful bloodshed, 00:15:19.779 --> 00:15:21.779 the violation of illicit intimacy, 00:15:21.779 --> 00:15:24.779 or the unlawful seizure of property, 00:15:24.779 --> 00:15:27.779 then keeping it is strictly forbidden; 00:15:27.779 --> 00:15:30.779 rather, it becomes obligatory to warn against and prevent such wrongdoing. 00:15:30.779 --> 00:15:33.899 Riyad al-Salihin.