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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

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A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi.

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May Allah preserve him.

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The Siege of Banu al-Nadir.

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And their surrender.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with his Companions toward the Banu al-Nadir.

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He appointed Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina.

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When the Jews of Banu al-Nadir saw him,

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They fortified themselves within their strongholds.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, besieged them for six nights.

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He ordered that their palm trees be burned and cut down.

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The two Sheikhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their Sahih collections,

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On the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, burned and cut down the palm trees of Banu al-Nadir.

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This was at al-Buwayrah.

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It is a location belonging to the Banu al-Nadir.

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Then it was revealed:

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“Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5)

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By the permission of Allah.

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And to disgrace the defiantly disobedient.

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Imam al-Tirmidhi recorded in his Jami' with a sound (sahih) chain of narration,

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On the authority of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, regarding the saying of Allah the Almighty:

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“Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5)

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He said:

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"Al-Linah" refers to the palm tree.

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"And to disgrace the defiantly disobedient."

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He said:

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He brought them down from their strongholds.

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And they were ordered to cut down the palm trees.

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The siege intensified upon the Jews of Banu al-Nadir.

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They became certain that their fortresses would not protect them from Allah.

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Allah the Almighty cast terror into their hearts.

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At that point, they sought a settlement with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, for their departure (exile).

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And that they could take whatever wealth and belongings their camels could carry,

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Except for weapons.

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Imam al-Qurtubi said in his Tafsir:

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"Al-Jala'" (exile) means departing from one's homeland.

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The difference between "al-Jala'" and "al-Ikhraj" (expulsion),

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Even if their meanings are similar, lies in two aspects:

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The first:

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That "al-Jala'" occurs with one's family and children.

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While "al-Ikhraj" may occur while the family and children remain.

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The second:

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That "al-Jala'" only applies to a group.

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While "al-Ikhraj" applies to an individual or a group.

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Al-Hakim recorded in al-Mustadrak with a fair (hasan) chain of narration,

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On the authority of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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The expedition of Banu al-Nadir took place,

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And they were a faction of the Jews,

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Six months after the Battle of Badr.

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Their dwellings and palm trees were in the outskirts of Medina.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, besieged them,

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Until they agreed to exile,

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And that they could take whatever their camels could carry,

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Of belongings and wealth,

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Except for the "halqah," meaning weapons.

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The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections,

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On the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayza,

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Fought against the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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So the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, exiled the Banu al-Nadir,

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And left the Banu Qurayza and showed them favor,

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Until the Banu Qurayza fought later on.

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Then their men were killed, and their women, children, and wealth were divided among the Muslims.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, took possession of,

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What the Jews of Banu al-Nadir left behind,

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Of wealth and weapons.

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It was exclusively for him.

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And a portion of this "fay'" (spoils taken without fighting) in this expedition was allocated,

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Specifically for the Muhajirun due to their poverty.

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And he kept the rest for himself, peace be upon him.

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Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said:

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The Banu al-Nadir's property,

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Was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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For his emergencies and the interests of the Muslims.

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He did not divide it into fifths,

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Because Allah the Almighty granted it to him as "fay',"

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And the Muslims did not urge their horses or camels against it (i.e., it was taken without a formal battle).

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The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections,

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On the authority of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The wealth of Banu al-Nadir,

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Was among what Allah granted as "fay'" to His Messenger, peace be upon him,

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Which the Muslims did not urge their horses or camels against.

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Thus, it was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections,

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On the authority of Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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A man would offer some palm trees to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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Until he conquered Qurayza and al-Nadir.

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After that, he would return them to them.

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Abu Dawud recorded in his Sunan with a sound (sahih) chain of narration,

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On the authority of a man from the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said:

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The palm trees of Banu al-Nadir were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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Allah gave them to him and singled him out with them.

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He said: "And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them..."

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“And that which Allah gave as spoil unto His messenger from them, ye urged not any horse or riding-camel for the sake thereof, but Allah giveth His messenger lordship over whom He will. Allah is Able to do all things.” (59:6)

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Meaning without fighting.

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So the Prophet, peace be upon him, gave most of it to the Muhajirun,

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And divided it among them.

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And he divided a portion of it for two men from the Ansar who were in need.

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Ibn Ishaq named them in the Seerah:

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Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujana,

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Simak bin Kharasha, may Allah be pleased with them both.

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He did not divide it for anyone else from the Ansar besides them.

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And what remained of it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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Which is in the hands of the descendants of Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her.

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The revelation of Surah al-Hashr.

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Ibn Ishaq said:

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Surah al-Hashr was revealed in its entirety regarding the Banu al-Nadir.

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Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih,

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On the authority of Sa'id bin Jubayr, who said:

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I said to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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"Surah al-Hashr?"

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He said: "It was revealed regarding the Banu al-Nadir."

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In another wording in Sahih al-Bukhari,

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Sa'id bin Jubayr said:

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I said to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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"Surah al-Hashr?"

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He said: "Say: Surah al-Nadir."

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Al-Hafiz (Ibn Hajar) said in al-Fath:

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It is as if he disliked naming it "al-Hashr" (The Gathering),

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So that one would not think it refers to the Day of Resurrection.

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Rather, what is intended here is the expulsion (hashr) of the Banu al-Nadir.

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The Battle of Badr al-Akhirah.

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It is called Badr al-Sughra (The Minor Badr),

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Because no fighting occurred in it.

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It is also called Badr al-Maw'id (The Badr of the Appointment),

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Due to the appointment Abu Sufyan made on the day of Uhud,

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To meet at Badr the following year.

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And it is called the Third Badr.

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The other Battle of Badr took place,

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In Sha'ban of the fourth year of the Hijra.

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Abu Sufyan had made an appointment upon his departure from the Battle of Uhud,

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With the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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To fight in the following year after Uhud,

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At Badr.

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When Sha'ban of the following year arrived,

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In the fourth year of the Hijra,

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went out,

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For his appointment with fifteen hundred men.

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He stayed there for eight days,

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Waiting for the polytheists.

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Abu Sufyan went out from Mecca with two thousand men.

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When he reached Marr al-Zahran,

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He said to those with him:

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"This year is a year of drought,

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And I have decided to return with you."

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So they turned back and broke the appointment.

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Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, returned,

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To the Prophetic city of Medina,

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After the people had heard of his march.

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A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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If the longing of the worlds grows,

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For some of them,

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Then the longing toward you,

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Its extent cannot be encompassed.

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May Allah send blessings upon you,

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As long as the call to prayer is raised,

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And moved,

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With the remainder,

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Of the lips.