WEBVTT 00:00:00.020 --> 00:00:03.740 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.740 --> 00:00:13.250 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:13.250 --> 00:00:17.769 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah). 00:00:17.769 --> 00:00:23.120 Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi. 00:00:23.120 --> 00:00:25.120 May Allah preserve him. 00:00:25.120 --> 00:00:33.530 The Siege of Banu al-Nadir. 00:00:33.530 --> 00:00:35.530 And their surrender. 00:00:35.530 --> 00:00:42.619 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with his Companions toward the Banu al-Nadir. 00:00:42.619 --> 00:00:47.619 He appointed Ibn Umm Maktum, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina. 00:00:47.619 --> 00:00:50.619 When the Jews of Banu al-Nadir saw him, 00:00:50.619 --> 00:00:53.619 They fortified themselves within their strongholds. 00:00:53.619 --> 00:00:58.619 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, besieged them for six nights. 00:00:58.619 --> 00:01:01.619 He ordered that their palm trees be burned and cut down. 00:01:01.619 --> 00:01:04.620 The two Sheikhs (al-Bukhari and Muslim) recorded in their Sahih collections, 00:01:04.620 --> 00:01:07.620 On the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:01:07.620 --> 00:01:13.620 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, burned and cut down the palm trees of Banu al-Nadir. 00:01:13.620 --> 00:01:15.620 This was at al-Buwayrah. 00:01:15.620 --> 00:01:17.620 It is a location belonging to the Banu al-Nadir. 00:01:17.620 --> 00:01:19.620 Then it was revealed: 00:01:19.620 --> 00:01:26.620 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5) 00:01:26.620 --> 00:01:28.620 By the permission of Allah. 00:01:28.620 --> 00:01:31.620 And to disgrace the defiantly disobedient. 00:01:32.620 --> 00:01:37.620 Imam al-Tirmidhi recorded in his Jami' with a sound (sahih) chain of narration, 00:01:37.620 --> 00:01:42.620 On the authority of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, regarding the saying of Allah the Almighty: 00:01:42.620 --> 00:01:49.620 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5) 00:01:49.620 --> 00:01:50.620 He said: 00:01:50.620 --> 00:01:53.620 "Al-Linah" refers to the palm tree. 00:01:53.620 --> 00:01:55.620 "And to disgrace the defiantly disobedient." 00:01:55.620 --> 00:01:57.620 He said: 00:01:57.620 --> 00:01:59.620 He brought them down from their strongholds. 00:01:59.620 --> 00:02:01.620 And they were ordered to cut down the palm trees. 00:02:01.620 --> 00:02:05.620 The siege intensified upon the Jews of Banu al-Nadir. 00:02:05.620 --> 00:02:09.620 They became certain that their fortresses would not protect them from Allah. 00:02:09.620 --> 00:02:13.620 Allah the Almighty cast terror into their hearts. 00:02:13.620 --> 00:02:19.620 At that point, they sought a settlement with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, for their departure (exile). 00:02:19.620 --> 00:02:24.620 And that they could take whatever wealth and belongings their camels could carry, 00:02:24.620 --> 00:02:26.620 Except for weapons. 00:02:26.620 --> 00:02:29.650 Imam al-Qurtubi said in his Tafsir: 00:02:29.650 --> 00:02:32.650 "Al-Jala'" (exile) means departing from one's homeland. 00:02:32.650 --> 00:02:35.680 The difference between "al-Jala'" and "al-Ikhraj" (expulsion), 00:02:35.680 --> 00:02:39.680 Even if their meanings are similar, lies in two aspects: 00:02:39.680 --> 00:02:41.680 The first: 00:02:41.680 --> 00:02:44.680 That "al-Jala'" occurs with one's family and children. 00:02:44.680 --> 00:02:49.680 While "al-Ikhraj" may occur while the family and children remain. 00:02:49.680 --> 00:02:51.680 The second: 00:02:51.680 --> 00:02:54.680 That "al-Jala'" only applies to a group. 00:02:54.680 --> 00:02:58.680 While "al-Ikhraj" applies to an individual or a group. 00:02:58.680 --> 00:03:02.969 Al-Hakim recorded in al-Mustadrak with a fair (hasan) chain of narration, 00:03:02.969 --> 00:03:06.969 On the authority of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:03:06.969 --> 00:03:08.969 The expedition of Banu al-Nadir took place, 00:03:08.969 --> 00:03:11.969 And they were a faction of the Jews, 00:03:11.969 --> 00:03:15.969 Six months after the Battle of Badr. 00:03:15.969 --> 00:03:20.030 Their dwellings and palm trees were in the outskirts of Medina. 00:03:20.030 --> 00:03:24.099 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, besieged them, 00:03:24.099 --> 00:03:27.099 Until they agreed to exile, 00:03:27.099 --> 00:03:30.099 And that they could take whatever their camels could carry, 00:03:30.099 --> 00:03:32.099 Of belongings and wealth, 00:03:32.099 --> 00:03:35.099 Except for the "halqah," meaning weapons. 00:03:35.099 --> 00:03:38.099 The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections, 00:03:38.099 --> 00:03:42.099 On the authority of Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:03:42.099 --> 00:03:45.129 The Jews of Banu al-Nadir and Banu Qurayza, 00:03:45.129 --> 00:03:48.129 Fought against the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:03:48.129 --> 00:03:52.129 So the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, exiled the Banu al-Nadir, 00:03:53.129 --> 00:03:56.129 And left the Banu Qurayza and showed them favor, 00:03:56.129 --> 00:04:00.129 Until the Banu Qurayza fought later on. 00:04:00.129 --> 00:04:07.129 Then their men were killed, and their women, children, and wealth were divided among the Muslims. 00:04:12.819 --> 00:04:16.720 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, took possession of, 00:04:16.720 --> 00:04:19.720 What the Jews of Banu al-Nadir left behind, 00:04:19.720 --> 00:04:21.720 Of wealth and weapons. 00:04:21.720 --> 00:04:23.720 It was exclusively for him. 00:04:23.720 --> 00:04:27.750 And a portion of this "fay'" (spoils taken without fighting) in this expedition was allocated, 00:04:27.750 --> 00:04:31.750 Specifically for the Muhajirun due to their poverty. 00:04:31.750 --> 00:04:35.750 And he kept the rest for himself, peace be upon him. 00:04:35.750 --> 00:04:38.819 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said: 00:04:38.819 --> 00:04:40.819 The Banu al-Nadir's property, 00:04:40.819 --> 00:04:44.819 Was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:04:44.819 --> 00:04:47.819 For his emergencies and the interests of the Muslims. 00:04:47.819 --> 00:04:49.819 He did not divide it into fifths, 00:04:50.819 --> 00:04:53.819 Because Allah the Almighty granted it to him as "fay'," 00:04:53.819 --> 00:04:58.819 And the Muslims did not urge their horses or camels against it (i.e., it was taken without a formal battle). 00:04:58.819 --> 00:05:02.069 The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections, 00:05:02.069 --> 00:05:05.069 On the authority of Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:05:05.069 --> 00:05:07.069 The wealth of Banu al-Nadir, 00:05:07.069 --> 00:05:12.069 Was among what Allah granted as "fay'" to His Messenger, peace be upon him, 00:05:12.069 --> 00:05:17.069 Which the Muslims did not urge their horses or camels against. 00:05:17.069 --> 00:05:22.069 Thus, it was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:05:22.069 --> 00:05:25.329 The two Sheikhs recorded in their Sahih collections, 00:05:25.329 --> 00:05:29.329 On the authority of Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:05:29.329 --> 00:05:34.329 A man would offer some palm trees to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:05:34.329 --> 00:05:37.329 Until he conquered Qurayza and al-Nadir. 00:05:37.329 --> 00:05:41.329 After that, he would return them to them. 00:05:41.329 --> 00:05:45.360 Abu Dawud recorded in his Sunan with a sound (sahih) chain of narration, 00:05:45.360 --> 00:05:50.360 On the authority of a man from the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:05:50.360 --> 00:05:56.360 The palm trees of Banu al-Nadir were exclusively for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 00:05:56.360 --> 00:05:59.360 Allah gave them to him and singled him out with them. 00:05:59.360 --> 00:06:05.360 He said: "And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them..." 00:06:05.360 --> 00:06:09.360 “And that which Allah gave as spoil unto His messenger from them, ye urged not any horse or riding-camel for the sake thereof, but Allah giveth His messenger lordship over whom He will. Allah is Able to do all things.” (59:6) 00:06:09.360 --> 00:06:12.360 Meaning without fighting. 00:06:12.360 --> 00:06:17.360 So the Prophet, peace be upon him, gave most of it to the Muhajirun, 00:06:17.360 --> 00:06:19.360 And divided it among them. 00:06:19.360 --> 00:06:24.360 And he divided a portion of it for two men from the Ansar who were in need. 00:06:24.360 --> 00:06:27.360 Ibn Ishaq named them in the Seerah: 00:06:27.360 --> 00:06:30.360 Sahl bin Hunayf and Abu Dujana, 00:06:30.360 --> 00:06:34.360 Simak bin Kharasha, may Allah be pleased with them both. 00:06:34.360 --> 00:06:38.360 He did not divide it for anyone else from the Ansar besides them. 00:06:38.360 --> 00:06:43.360 And what remained of it was the charity of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:06:43.360 --> 00:06:50.019 Which is in the hands of the descendants of Fatima, may Allah be pleased with her. 00:06:50.019 --> 00:06:53.019 The revelation of Surah al-Hashr. 00:06:53.019 --> 00:06:55.860 Ibn Ishaq said: 00:06:55.860 --> 00:07:01.050 Surah al-Hashr was revealed in its entirety regarding the Banu al-Nadir. 00:07:01.050 --> 00:07:04.050 Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih, 00:07:04.050 --> 00:07:07.050 On the authority of Sa'id bin Jubayr, who said: 00:07:07.050 --> 00:07:10.050 I said to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: 00:07:10.050 --> 00:07:12.050 "Surah al-Hashr?" 00:07:12.050 --> 00:07:16.139 He said: "It was revealed regarding the Banu al-Nadir." 00:07:16.139 --> 00:07:19.139 In another wording in Sahih al-Bukhari, 00:07:19.139 --> 00:07:21.139 Sa'id bin Jubayr said: 00:07:21.139 --> 00:07:24.139 I said to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: 00:07:24.139 --> 00:07:26.139 "Surah al-Hashr?" 00:07:26.139 --> 00:07:30.370 He said: "Say: Surah al-Nadir." 00:07:30.370 --> 00:07:32.370 Al-Hafiz (Ibn Hajar) said in al-Fath: 00:07:32.370 --> 00:07:35.370 It is as if he disliked naming it "al-Hashr" (The Gathering), 00:07:35.370 --> 00:07:39.370 So that one would not think it refers to the Day of Resurrection. 00:07:39.370 --> 00:07:43.370 Rather, what is intended here is the expulsion (hashr) of the Banu al-Nadir. 00:07:43.370 --> 00:07:49.290 The Battle of Badr al-Akhirah. 00:07:49.290 --> 00:07:51.290 It is called Badr al-Sughra (The Minor Badr), 00:07:51.290 --> 00:07:54.290 Because no fighting occurred in it. 00:07:54.290 --> 00:07:57.290 It is also called Badr al-Maw'id (The Badr of the Appointment), 00:07:57.290 --> 00:08:00.290 Due to the appointment Abu Sufyan made on the day of Uhud, 00:08:00.290 --> 00:08:03.290 To meet at Badr the following year. 00:08:03.290 --> 00:08:06.290 And it is called the Third Badr. 00:08:06.379 --> 00:08:09.379 The other Battle of Badr took place, 00:08:09.379 --> 00:08:13.480 In Sha'ban of the fourth year of the Hijra. 00:08:13.480 --> 00:08:17.480 Abu Sufyan had made an appointment upon his departure from the Battle of Uhud, 00:08:17.480 --> 00:08:20.480 With the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:08:20.480 --> 00:08:23.480 To fight in the following year after Uhud, 00:08:23.480 --> 00:08:25.509 At Badr. 00:08:25.509 --> 00:08:28.509 When Sha'ban of the following year arrived, 00:08:28.509 --> 00:08:31.509 In the fourth year of the Hijra, 00:08:31.509 --> 00:08:34.509 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, went out, 00:08:34.509 --> 00:08:37.509 For his appointment with fifteen hundred men. 00:08:38.509 --> 00:08:41.509 He stayed there for eight days, 00:08:41.509 --> 00:08:44.509 Waiting for the polytheists. 00:08:44.509 --> 00:08:47.509 Abu Sufyan went out from Mecca with two thousand men. 00:08:47.509 --> 00:08:50.509 When he reached Marr al-Zahran, 00:08:50.509 --> 00:08:53.509 He said to those with him: 00:08:53.509 --> 00:08:56.509 "This year is a year of drought, 00:08:56.509 --> 00:08:59.509 And I have decided to return with you." 00:08:59.509 --> 00:09:02.539 So they turned back and broke the appointment. 00:09:02.539 --> 00:09:05.539 Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, returned, 00:09:05.539 --> 00:09:08.539 To the Prophetic city of Medina, 00:09:08.539 --> 00:09:12.440 After the people had heard of his march. 00:09:12.440 --> 00:09:15.440 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah). 00:09:15.440 --> 00:09:18.440 If the longing of the worlds grows, 00:09:18.440 --> 00:09:21.440 For some of them, 00:09:21.440 --> 00:09:24.700 Then the longing toward you, 00:09:24.700 --> 00:09:27.700 Its extent cannot be encompassed. 00:09:27.700 --> 00:09:31.269 May Allah send blessings upon you, 00:09:31.269 --> 00:09:34.269 As long as the call to prayer is raised, 00:09:34.269 --> 00:09:37.750 And moved, 00:09:37.750 --> 00:09:40.750 With the remainder, 00:09:40.750 --> 00:09:44.519 Of the lips.