WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.039 --> 00:00:16.280 Surah Ibrahim. 00:00:18.550 --> 00:00:22.510 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.510 --> 00:00:27.469 “Their messengers said: Can there be doubt concerning Allah, the Creator of the heavens and the earth? He calleth you that He may forgive you your sins and reprieve you unto an appointed term. They said: Ye are but mortals like us, who would fain turn us away from what our fathers used to worship. Then bring some clear warrant.” (14:10) 00:00:27.469 --> 00:00:30.690 The Creator of the heavens and the earth. 00:00:30.969 --> 00:00:34.289 He calls you so that He may forgive you. 00:00:34.289 --> 00:00:37.890 Of your sins, and grant you respite. 00:00:37.890 --> 00:00:41.490 Until an appointed time. 00:00:42.049 --> 00:00:47.130 “Their messengers said: Can there be doubt concerning Allah, the Creator of the heavens and the earth? He calleth you that He may forgive you your sins and reprieve you unto an appointed term. They said: Ye are but mortals like us, who would fain turn us away from what our fathers used to worship. Then bring some clear warrant.” (14:10) 00:00:47.130 --> 00:00:51.049 You wish to turn us away. 00:00:51.609 --> 00:00:54.609 You wish to turn us away. 00:00:54.609 --> 00:00:58.810 “Their messengers said: Can there be doubt concerning Allah, the Creator of the heavens and the earth? He calleth you that He may forgive you your sins and reprieve you unto an appointed term. They said: Ye are but mortals like us, who would fain turn us away from what our fathers used to worship. Then bring some clear warrant.” (14:10) 00:00:58.810 --> 00:01:02.810 So bring us a clear authority. 00:01:03.250 --> 00:01:07.819 The messengers of the nations to whom their messengers were sent said: 00:01:07.819 --> 00:01:13.859 Is there any doubt about Allah, the One who is entitled to your divinity and worship, O people? 00:01:13.859 --> 00:01:16.379 The Creator of the heavens and the earth. 00:01:16.379 --> 00:01:19.420 He calls you to His Oneness and obedience. 00:01:19.420 --> 00:01:23.340 To cover some of your sins by pardoning them. 00:01:23.340 --> 00:01:30.060 And to grant you respite until the time He has decreed in the Preserved Tablet for your end. 00:01:30.060 --> 00:01:32.420 The nations said to them: 00:01:32.859 --> 00:01:37.859 You are but human beings like us in form and appearance. 00:01:37.859 --> 00:01:39.939 And you are not angels. 00:01:39.939 --> 00:01:47.700 You only wish to turn us away by your words from the worship of the idols our fathers used to worship. 00:01:47.700 --> 00:01:50.700 So bring us proof for what you say. 00:01:50.700 --> 00:01:55.099 That clarifies its truth and validity for us. 00:01:55.099 --> 00:02:02.099 “Their messengers said unto them: We are but mortals like you, but Allah giveth grace unto whom He will of His slaves. It is not ours to bring you a warrant unless by the permission of Allah. In Allah let believers put their trust!” (14:11) 00:02:02.140 --> 00:02:06.780 “Their messengers said unto them: We are but mortals like you, but Allah giveth grace unto whom He will of His slaves. It is not ours to bring you a warrant unless by the permission of Allah. In Allah let believers put their trust!” (14:11) 00:02:06.780 --> 00:02:22.659 “Their messengers said unto them: We are but mortals like you, but Allah giveth grace unto whom He will of His slaves. It is not ours to bring you a warrant unless by the permission of Allah. In Allah let believers put their trust!” (14:11) 00:02:22.659 --> 00:02:31.020 “Their messengers said unto them: We are but mortals like you, but Allah giveth grace unto whom He will of His slaves. It is not ours to bring you a warrant unless by the permission of Allah. In Allah let believers put their trust!” (14:11) 00:02:31.060 --> 00:02:37.379 And in Allah let the believers place their trust. 00:02:37.379 --> 00:02:39.060 The messengers said: 00:02:39.060 --> 00:02:42.219 We are but human beings from the children of Adam. 00:02:42.219 --> 00:02:46.259 But Allah bestows His favor upon whom He wills of His creation. 00:02:46.259 --> 00:02:49.219 So He guides him and grants him success in following the truth. 00:02:49.219 --> 00:02:54.819 And it was not for us to bring you an argument or proof for what we call you to. 00:02:54.819 --> 00:02:57.740 Except by the command of Allah to us to do so. 00:02:57.740 --> 00:03:01.699 And in Allah let those who believe in Him and obey Him place their trust. 00:03:01.699 --> 00:03:06.219 For we trust in Him and upon Him we rely. 00:03:06.219 --> 00:03:13.620 “How should we not put our trust in Allah when He hath shown us our ways? We surely will endure the hurt ye do us. In Allah let the trusting put their trust.” (14:12) 00:03:13.620 --> 00:03:19.419 “How should we not put our trust in Allah when He hath shown us our ways? We surely will endure the hurt ye do us. In Allah let the trusting put their trust.” (14:12) 00:03:19.419 --> 00:03:26.080 “How should we not put our trust in Allah when He hath shown us our ways? We surely will endure the hurt ye do us. In Allah let the trusting put their trust.” (14:12) 00:03:26.080 --> 00:03:31.520 And we have no one to trust but Him, and in His sufficiency and defense of us. 00:03:31.520 --> 00:03:35.159 And we shall surely be patient against whatever harm you inflict upon us for the sake of Allah. 00:03:35.159 --> 00:03:38.550 And against whatever adversity we encounter from you. 00:03:38.550 --> 00:03:43.430 And in Allah let those who are confident in Him among His creation place their trust. 00:03:43.430 --> 00:03:49.120 As for those who disbelieve in Him, their ally is Satan. 00:03:49.120 --> 00:03:52.240 “And those who disbelieved said unto their messengers: Verily we will drive you out from our land, unless ye return to our religion. Then their Lord inspired them, (saying): Verily we shall destroy the wrong-doers,” (14:13) 00:03:52.240 --> 00:03:56.479 We will surely drive you out of our land. 00:03:56.479 --> 00:04:00.479 Or you shall return to our creed. 00:04:00.479 --> 00:04:09.169 “And those who disbelieved said unto their messengers: Verily we will drive you out from our land, unless ye return to our religion. Then their Lord inspired them, (saying): Verily we shall destroy the wrong-doers,” (14:13) 00:04:09.169 --> 00:04:14.449 Those who disbelieved in Allah said to their messengers who were sent to them: 00:04:14.449 --> 00:04:18.610 We will surely drive you out of our lands and expel you from them. 00:04:18.610 --> 00:04:24.209 Unless you return to our religion which we follow, the worship of idols. 00:04:24.209 --> 00:04:26.490 Then their Lord revealed to them: 00:04:26.490 --> 00:04:29.649 We will surely destroy those who have wronged themselves. 00:04:29.689 --> 00:04:33.170 For they have incurred the punishment of Allah by their disbelief. 00:04:33.170 --> 00:04:36.930 It is also possible that they were called "the wrongdoers." 00:04:36.930 --> 00:04:42.089 Because of their worship of idols and deities that should not be worshipped. 00:04:42.089 --> 00:04:48.139 Thus, it is a wrong by placing worship in other than its proper place. 00:04:48.139 --> 00:04:54.259 “And verily We shall make you to dwell in the land after them. This is for him who feareth My Majesty and feareth My threats.” (14:14) 00:04:54.259 --> 00:05:00.819 “And verily We shall make you to dwell in the land after them. This is for him who feareth My Majesty and feareth My threats.” (14:14) 00:05:02.069 --> 00:05:07.670 This is a promise from Allah to His prophets of victory over the disbelievers among their people. 00:05:07.670 --> 00:05:10.670 “And verily We shall make you to dwell in the land after them. This is for him who feareth My Majesty and feareth My threats.” (14:14) 00:05:10.670 --> 00:05:14.709 Thus shall it be for whoever fears standing before Me. 00:05:14.709 --> 00:05:20.029 And fears My threat, so he fears Me by obeying Me and avoiding My wrath. 00:05:20.029 --> 00:05:22.550 I will grant him victory over My enemies. 00:05:22.550 --> 00:05:27.699 And I will destroy his enemy and grant him their land and homes. 00:05:27.699 --> 00:05:34.209 And every obstinate tyrant failed and was disappointed. 00:05:34.209 --> 00:05:37.129 And the messengers sought victory over their people. 00:05:37.129 --> 00:05:45.300 And every arrogant one who deviated from acknowledging the Oneness of Allah and sincere worship of Him perished. 00:05:45.300 --> 00:05:56.279 “Hell is before him, and he is made to drink a festering water,” (14:16) 00:05:56.279 --> 00:06:05.120 “Which he sippeth but can hardly swallow, and death cometh unto him from every side while yet he cannot die, and before him is a harsh doom.” (14:17) 00:06:05.120 --> 00:06:12.399 “Which he sippeth but can hardly swallow, and death cometh unto him from every side while yet he cannot die, and before him is a harsh doom.” (14:17) 00:06:12.399 --> 00:06:21.019 “Which he sippeth but can hardly swallow, and death cometh unto him from every side while yet he cannot die, and before him is a harsh doom.” (14:17) 00:06:21.019 --> 00:06:25.579 Before every obstinate tyrant is Hell, which he shall enter. 00:06:25.579 --> 00:06:28.379 And he shall be given to drink of pus and blood. 00:06:28.379 --> 00:06:33.500 He will gulp it down, and he will hardly be able to swallow it because of his intense aversion to it. 00:06:33.500 --> 00:06:36.779 And he will force it down because of the intensity of his thirst. 00:06:36.779 --> 00:06:42.420 And death will come to him from before him, from behind him, from his right, and from his left. 00:06:42.420 --> 00:06:45.660 And from every part of his body. 00:06:45.660 --> 00:06:47.620 Yet he will not be dead. 00:06:47.620 --> 00:06:51.660 Because his soul will not depart so that he may die and find rest. 00:06:51.660 --> 00:06:55.139 Nor will he live, as his soul will be stuck in his throat. 00:06:55.139 --> 00:06:58.019 It will not return to its place. 00:06:58.019 --> 00:07:04.060 And before what he is in of torment is a severe torment. 00:07:04.060 --> 00:07:07.500 “A similitude of those who disbelieve in their Lord: Their works are as ashes which the wind bloweth hard upon a stormy day. They have no control of aught that they have earned. That is the extreme failure.” (14:18) 00:07:07.500 --> 00:07:13.860 “A similitude of those who disbelieve in their Lord: Their works are as ashes which the wind bloweth hard upon a stormy day. They have no control of aught that they have earned. That is the extreme failure.” (14:18) 00:07:13.939 --> 00:07:20.220 “A similitude of those who disbelieve in their Lord: Their works are as ashes which the wind bloweth hard upon a stormy day. They have no control of aught that they have earned. That is the extreme failure.” (14:18) 00:07:20.220 --> 00:07:26.860 That is the far-reaching error. 00:07:26.860 --> 00:07:31.180 The likeness of the deeds of those who disbelieved in their Lord on the Day of Resurrection. 00:07:31.180 --> 00:07:37.100 Is like ashes upon which the wind blows on a stormy day, so it is scattered. 00:07:37.100 --> 00:07:41.060 They will find nothing of it that will benefit them before Allah. 00:07:41.060 --> 00:07:44.620 Because they were not doing them for the sake of Allah. 00:07:44.620 --> 00:07:46.980 That is the manifest error. 00:07:46.980 --> 00:07:50.819 Far removed from the path of truth. 00:07:50.819 --> 00:07:57.660 “Hast thou not seen that Allah hath created the heavens and the earth with truth? If He will, He can remove you and bring (in) some new creation;” (14:19) 00:07:57.660 --> 00:08:04.939 If He wills, He can take you away and bring a new creation. 00:08:04.939 --> 00:08:11.379 And that is not difficult for Allah. 00:08:11.379 --> 00:08:14.339 Do you not see, O Muhammad, with the eye of your heart? 00:08:14.379 --> 00:08:18.939 So you know that Allah created the heavens and the earth in truth. 00:08:18.939 --> 00:08:23.500 Alone in creating them, without any helper or assistant. 00:08:23.500 --> 00:08:26.300 Indeed, He who is alone in creating that. 00:08:26.300 --> 00:08:29.300 If He wills to take you away and replace you. 00:08:29.300 --> 00:08:31.620 He will take you away and annihilate you. 00:08:31.620 --> 00:08:34.740 And bring another creation in your place. 00:08:34.740 --> 00:08:37.179 And your removal and annihilation. 00:08:37.179 --> 00:08:43.700 And the creation of another is not impossible or difficult for Allah. 00:08:43.700 --> 00:08:47.139 And they will all appear before Allah. 00:08:47.139 --> 00:08:58.220 “They all come forth unto their Lord. Then those who were despised say unto those who were scornful: We were unto you a following, can ye then avert from us aught of Allah's doom? They say: Had Allah guided us, we should have guided you. Whether we rage or patiently endure is (now) all one for us; we have no place of refuge.” (14:21) 00:08:58.220 --> 00:09:02.100 We were followers of you. 00:09:02.100 --> 00:09:08.700 So can you avail us. 00:09:09.139 --> 00:09:14.340 Against the punishment of Allah in anything? 00:09:14.340 --> 00:09:19.100 They will say: Had Allah guided us, we would have guided you. 00:09:19.100 --> 00:09:30.230 “They all come forth unto their Lord. Then those who were despised say unto those who were scornful: We were unto you a following, can ye then avert from us aught of Allah's doom? They say: Had Allah guided us, we should have guided you. Whether we rage or patiently endure is (now) all one for us; we have no place of refuge.” (14:21) 00:09:30.230 --> 00:09:35.909 Those who disbelieved in Him will appear on the Day of Resurrection from their graves. 00:09:35.909 --> 00:09:39.549 And they will all be out in the open of the earth. 00:09:39.669 --> 00:09:47.190 Then the followers among them will say to the leaders whom they used to follow, who were too arrogant to sincerely worship Allah: 00:09:47.190 --> 00:09:49.750 We were followers of you. 00:09:49.750 --> 00:09:54.909 We obeyed your command to us to worship idols and disbelieve in Allah. 00:09:54.909 --> 00:09:59.899 So can you defend us today against the punishment of Allah in anything? 00:09:59.899 --> 00:10:04.179 The leaders in disbelief in Allah will say to their followers: 00:10:04.179 --> 00:10:09.220 If Allah had shown us something by which we could defend ourselves against His punishment today. 00:10:09.220 --> 00:10:15.169 We would have shown it to you so that you could defend yourselves against the punishment. 00:10:15.169 --> 00:10:22.289 But we have become distraught over the punishment, so our distress and our patience have not benefited us. 00:10:22.289 --> 00:10:30.509 It is the same for us whether we are distraught or patient; we have no place of escape to flee to. 00:10:30.509 --> 00:10:38.669 “And Satan saith, when the matter hath been decided: Lo! Allah promised you a promise of truth; and I promised you, then failed you. And I had no power over you save that I called unto you and ye obeyed me. So blame not, but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can ye help me, Lo! I disbelieved in that which ye before ascribed to me. Lo! for wrong-doers is a painful doom.” (14:22) 00:10:38.710 --> 00:10:41.950 And I promised you, but I betrayed you. 00:10:41.950 --> 00:10:52.389 “And Satan saith, when the matter hath been decided: Lo! Allah promised you a promise of truth; and I promised you, then failed you. And I had no power over you save that I called unto you and ye obeyed me. So blame not, but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can ye help me, Lo! I disbelieved in that which ye before ascribed to me. Lo! for wrong-doers is a painful doom.” (14:22) 00:10:52.389 --> 00:10:58.190 “And Satan saith, when the matter hath been decided: Lo! Allah promised you a promise of truth; and I promised you, then failed you. And I had no power over you save that I called unto you and ye obeyed me. So blame not, but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can ye help me, Lo! I disbelieved in that which ye before ascribed to me. Lo! for wrong-doers is a painful doom.” (14:22) 00:10:58.190 --> 00:11:03.669 “And Satan saith, when the matter hath been decided: Lo! Allah promised you a promise of truth; and I promised you, then failed you. And I had no power over you save that I called unto you and ye obeyed me. So blame not, but blame yourselves. I cannot help you, nor can ye help me, Lo! I disbelieved in that which ye before ascribed to me. Lo! for wrong-doers is a painful doom.” (14:22) 00:11:03.669 --> 00:11:09.669 For I disavow that which you associated me with before. 00:11:09.669 --> 00:11:16.600 Indeed, the wrongdoers will have a painful punishment. 00:11:16.600 --> 00:11:22.600 And Iblis will say when the people of Paradise are admitted to Paradise and the people of Hell to Hell: 00:11:22.600 --> 00:11:26.600 Indeed, Allah promised you, O followers, the Fire. 00:11:26.600 --> 00:11:28.600 And I promised you victory. 00:11:28.600 --> 00:11:30.600 But I betrayed my promise to you. 00:11:30.600 --> 00:11:33.629 And Allah fulfilled His promise to you. 00:11:33.629 --> 00:11:41.629 And I had no authority over you regarding the victory I promised you, to prove my truthfulness to you. 00:11:41.629 --> 00:11:45.629 Except that I called you to my obedience and disobedience to Allah. 00:11:45.629 --> 00:11:47.629 And you responded to my call. 00:11:47.629 --> 00:11:51.629 So do not blame me for your responding to me. 00:11:51.629 --> 00:11:54.629 But blame yourselves for it. 00:11:54.629 --> 00:11:56.629 I cannot help you. 00:11:56.629 --> 00:12:01.629 Nor can you help me against the punishment of Allah, nor save me from it. 00:12:01.629 --> 00:12:09.629 I deny that I was a partner to Allah in that which you associated me with in your worship before in the world. 00:12:09.629 --> 00:12:13.629 Indeed, the disbelievers in Allah will have a painful punishment. 00:12:13.629 --> 00:12:30.850 “And those who believed and did good works are made to enter Gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein abiding by permission of their Lord, their greeting therein: Peace!” (14:23) 00:12:30.850 --> 00:12:36.850 And those who believed in Allah and His Messenger and acted in obedience to Allah will be admitted. 00:12:36.850 --> 00:12:43.649 To gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. 00:12:43.649 --> 00:12:50.649 They will be admitted by the command of Allah to them to enter; their greeting therein will be "Peace." 00:12:50.649 --> 00:12:56.649 Do you not see how Allah sets forth therein. 00:12:56.649 --> 00:13:07.090 “Seest thou not how Allah coineth a similitude: A goodly saying, as a goodly tree, its root set firm, its branches reaching into heaven,” (14:24) 00:13:07.090 --> 00:13:13.090 “Giving its fruit at every season by permission of its Lord? Allah coineth the similitudes for mankind in order that they may reflect.” (14:25) 00:13:13.090 --> 00:13:23.090 And Allah sets forth for it, and Allah sets forth for it, and Allah sets forth for it, and Allah sets forth for it, and Allah sets forth for it. 00:13:23.090 --> 00:13:30.090 Do you not see, O Muhammad, with the eye of your heart? 00:13:30.090 --> 00:13:38.230 So you know how Allah set forth a parable and a likeness. 00:13:38.230 --> 00:13:42.230 The likeness of belief in Him is like a good tree with good fruit. 00:13:42.230 --> 00:13:46.230 The root of this tree is firmly fixed in the earth. 00:13:46.230 --> 00:13:47.230 And its top is high, rising toward the sky. 00:13:47.230 --> 00:13:52.259 [Fragmentary/Repetitive: Reconstructed as: It is firmly rooted and rises toward the sky.] 00:13:52.259 --> 00:13:55.259 Rising high toward the sky. 00:13:55.259 --> 00:14:00.259 It yields what is eaten of its fruit every morning and evening. 00:14:00.259 --> 00:14:03.259 And every hour, by the command of its Lord. 00:14:03.259 --> 00:14:06.259 And Allah sets forth parables for the people. 00:14:06.259 --> 00:14:10.259 So that they may remember the argument of Allah against them and take heed of it. 00:14:10.259 --> 00:14:14.259 And refrain from what they are upon of disbelief in Him. 00:14:14.259 --> 00:14:19.299 So He likened what this tree yields every moment of food. 00:14:19.299 --> 00:14:22.299 To the believer's deeds and speech as a parable. 00:14:22.299 --> 00:14:28.299 And there is no doubt that for the believer, a righteous deed and word is raised for him every day. 00:14:28.299 --> 00:14:39.419 “And the similitude of a bad saying is as a bad tree, uprooted from upon the earth, possessing no stability.” (14:26) 00:14:39.419 --> 00:14:46.419 “And the similitude of a bad saying is as a bad tree, uprooted from upon the earth, possessing no stability.” (14:26) 00:14:46.419 --> 00:14:50.990 And the likeness of associating partners with Allah is like an evil tree. 00:14:50.990 --> 00:14:53.990 Uprooted from above the earth. 00:14:53.990 --> 00:14:59.990 This tree has no stability or root in the earth to stand upon. 00:14:59.990 --> 00:15:05.059 And this tree, which Allah described with this description, was only set forth. 00:15:05.059 --> 00:15:09.059 As a parable for the disbeliever's disbelief and his association of partners with Him. 00:15:09.059 --> 00:15:13.059 For the disbeliever's disbelief and his deeds have no stability on earth. 00:15:13.059 --> 00:15:16.059 Nor do they have any ascent to the sky. 00:15:16.059 --> 00:15:26.210 “Allah confirmeth those who believe by a firm saying in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, and Allah sendeth wrong-doers astray. And Allah doeth what He will.” (14:27) 00:15:26.210 --> 00:15:31.210 And Allah leads the wrongdoers astray. 00:15:31.210 --> 00:15:35.210 “Allah confirmeth those who believe by a firm saying in the life of the world and in the Hereafter, and Allah sendeth wrong-doers astray. And Allah doeth what He will.” (14:27) 00:15:35.210 --> 00:15:40.940 Allah validates the deeds and faith of those who believe. 00:15:40.940 --> 00:15:47.940 Through faith in Allah and His Messenger, Muhammad, peace be upon him, in the worldly life. 00:15:47.940 --> 00:15:50.940 And in the Hereafter, in their graves. 00:15:50.940 --> 00:15:57.940 When they are asked about what they are upon of Oneness and faith in His Messenger, peace be upon him. 00:15:57.940 --> 00:16:03.940 And Allah does not grant success to the hypocrite and the disbeliever in the worldly life or in the Hereafter. 00:16:03.940 --> 00:16:07.940 And in the hand of Allah is guidance and misguidance. 00:16:07.940 --> 00:16:10.940 So do not deny His power, O people. 00:16:10.940 --> 00:16:14.940 For in His hand is the disposal of His creation and the turning of their hearts. 00:16:14.940 --> 00:16:17.940 He does with them what He wills. 00:16:17.940 --> 00:16:22.889 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.