WEBVTT 00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:09.759 Summary of the Core Concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah 00:00:09.759 --> 00:00:14.009 The First Stage of Firm Rootedness in Knowledge 00:00:14.009 --> 00:00:16.010 The First Stage of Firm Rootedness in Knowledge 00:00:16.010 --> 00:00:20.010 It is absolute submission and surrender to divine revelation. 00:00:20.010 --> 00:00:22.010 Allah the Almighty said: 00:00:22.010 --> 00:00:25.010 “He it is Who hath revealed unto thee (Muhammad) the Scripture wherein are clear revelations - they are the substance of the Book - and others (which are) allegorical. But those in whose hearts is doubt pursue, forsooth, that which is allegorical seeking (to cause) dissension by seeking to explain it. None knoweth its explanation save Allah. And those who are of sound instruction say: We believe therein; the whole is from our Lord; but only men of understanding really heed.” (3:7) 00:00:25.010 --> 00:00:29.010 “He it is Who hath revealed unto thee (Muhammad) the Scripture wherein are clear revelations - they are the substance of the Book - and others (which are) allegorical. But those in whose hearts is doubt pursue, forsooth, that which is allegorical seeking (to cause) dissension by seeking to explain it. None knoweth its explanation save Allah. And those who are of sound instruction say: We believe therein; the whole is from our Lord; but only men of understanding really heed.” (3:7) 00:00:29.010 --> 00:00:31.010 And He said: 00:00:31.010 --> 00:00:34.009 "And they said: We hear and we obey." 00:00:34.009 --> 00:00:38.009 “The messenger believeth in that which hath been revealed unto him from his Lord and (so do) believers. Each one believeth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers - We make no distinction between any of His messengers - and they say: We hear, and we obey. (Grant us) Thy forgiveness, our Lord. Unto Thee is the journeying.” (2:285) 00:00:38.009 --> 00:00:42.670 Objecting to the Established Sunnah 00:00:42.670 --> 00:00:45.670 Preceding Allah and His Messenger 00:00:45.670 --> 00:00:49.570 Objecting to the established Sunnah 00:00:49.570 --> 00:00:52.570 Through intellect, opinion, personal taste, or political expediency 00:00:52.570 --> 00:00:55.570 Falls under the saying of Allah the Almighty: 00:00:55.570 --> 00:00:57.570 "O you who have believed," 00:00:57.570 --> 00:01:00.570 “O ye who believe! Be not forward in the presence of Allah and His messenger, and keep your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is Hearer, Knower.” (49:1) 00:01:00.570 --> 00:01:02.570 "And fear Allah." 00:01:02.570 --> 00:01:05.569 "Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing." 00:01:05.569 --> 00:01:10.680 The speech of anyone may be accepted or rejected, 00:01:10.680 --> 00:01:15.060 Except for the speech of Allah and His Messenger. 00:01:15.060 --> 00:01:18.060 There is no choice regarding the speech of Allah and His Messenger, 00:01:18.060 --> 00:01:20.060 But total acceptance and submission. 00:01:20.060 --> 00:01:22.060 He the Almighty said: 00:01:22.060 --> 00:01:25.060 “And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36) 00:01:25.060 --> 00:01:28.060 “And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36) 00:01:28.060 --> 00:01:31.060 “And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36) 00:01:31.060 --> 00:01:34.060 "And whoever disables Allah and His Messenger," 00:01:34.060 --> 00:01:37.060 “And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.” (33:36) 00:01:38.060 --> 00:01:41.060 On Disregarding the Texts of the Two Revelations 00:01:41.060 --> 00:01:45.340 A Lack of Glorification for Allah the Almighty 00:01:45.340 --> 00:01:48.340 Whoever disregards the texts of the two revelations, 00:01:48.340 --> 00:01:52.200 And audaciously rejects them based on his desires 00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:55.200 And corrupt interpretations, 00:01:55.200 --> 00:01:58.200 Has failed to glorify Allah the Almighty. 00:01:58.200 --> 00:02:01.200 Because glorifying a speaker's statement and submitting to it 00:02:01.200 --> 00:02:04.200 Is an integral part of glorifying the speaker Himself. 00:02:04.200 --> 00:02:07.200 Allah the Almighty says: 00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:10.199 “Allah! There is no Allah save Him. He gathereth you all unto a Day of Resurrection whereof there is no doubt. Who is more true in statement than Allah?” (4:87) 00:02:10.199 --> 00:02:13.199 And He says: 00:02:13.199 --> 00:02:16.199 "And the word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and justice." 00:02:16.199 --> 00:02:19.199 "None can alter His words," 00:02:19.199 --> 00:02:22.199 "And He is the Hearing, the Knowing." 00:02:22.199 --> 00:02:25.199 Thus, all of Allah's speech is truthful in its reports 00:02:25.199 --> 00:02:28.199 And just in its rulings, 00:02:28.199 --> 00:02:32.539 Whether they are commands or prohibitions. 00:02:32.539 --> 00:02:36.729 The Primary and Most Emphasized Objective of Islamic Law 00:02:36.729 --> 00:02:39.729 Preserving the religion is the primary and most emphasized objective of Islamic law. 00:02:39.729 --> 00:02:42.729 This necessitates exalting its texts 00:02:42.729 --> 00:02:45.729 By affirming as truth whatever reports they contain, 00:02:45.729 --> 00:02:48.729 And executing whatever commands or prohibitions they decree. 00:02:48.729 --> 00:02:52.590 What the Exaltation of Scriptural Texts Entails 00:02:52.590 --> 00:02:56.229 Exalting and submitting to the scriptural texts 00:02:56.229 --> 00:02:59.229 Requires opposing one's desires, 00:02:59.229 --> 00:03:02.229 Striving against the soul that incites to evil, 00:03:02.229 --> 00:03:05.229 Complying with commands and prohibitions, 00:03:05.229 --> 00:03:08.229 Refraining from putting oneself forward before Allah and His Messenger, 00:03:08.229 --> 00:03:11.229 Enduring the hardships of religious obligations, 00:03:11.229 --> 00:03:14.229 Preferring the pleasure of Allah and the abode of the Hereafter, 00:03:14.229 --> 00:03:17.229 Steering clear of causes of destruction, 00:03:17.229 --> 00:03:20.229 And similar meanings that fulfill 00:03:20.229 --> 00:03:23.229 Absolute servitude to Allah the Almighty. 00:03:23.229 --> 00:03:27.379 Turning Away from the Texts of the Two Revelations 00:03:27.379 --> 00:03:31.150 Is a Characteristic of the Hypocrites 00:03:31.150 --> 00:03:34.150 Indeed, Allah the Almighty said regarding the hypocrites: 00:03:34.150 --> 00:03:37.150 "And when they are summoned to Allah and His Messenger," 00:03:37.150 --> 00:03:40.150 “And when they appeal unto Allah and His messenger to judge between them, lo! a faction of them are averse;” (24:48) 00:03:40.150 --> 00:03:43.150 "...they turn away." Whereas accepting the texts of 00:03:43.150 --> 00:03:46.150 The two revelations, along with hearing and obeying them, 00:03:46.150 --> 00:03:49.150 Is the hallmark of the believers. Allah the Almighty said: 00:03:49.150 --> 00:03:52.150 “The saying of (all true) believers when they appeal unto Allah and His messenger to judge between them is only that they say: We hear and we obey. And such are the successful.” (24:51) 00:03:52.150 --> 00:03:55.150 "When they are summoned to Allah and His Messenger..." 00:03:55.150 --> 00:03:58.150 “The saying of (all true) believers when they appeal unto Allah and His messenger to judge between them is only that they say: We hear and we obey. And such are the successful.” (24:51) 00:03:58.150 --> 00:04:01.150 “The saying of (all true) believers when they appeal unto Allah and His messenger to judge between them is only that they say: We hear and we obey. And such are the successful.” (24:51) 00:04:02.150 --> 00:04:06.240 Manifestations of Exalting the Texts of the Book and the Sunnah 00:04:06.240 --> 00:04:09.909 Exalting the texts of the Book and the Sunnah 00:04:09.909 --> 00:04:12.909 Has several manifestations 00:04:12.909 --> 00:04:15.909 That ought to be adhered to. 00:04:15.909 --> 00:04:18.910 Among these, first, is memorizing and preserving their texts 00:04:18.910 --> 00:04:21.910 In both hearts and written lines. 00:04:21.910 --> 00:04:24.910 Indeed, Muslims preserved the Book of Allah in their hearts 00:04:24.910 --> 00:04:27.910 Through mutawatır modes of recitation, 00:04:27.910 --> 00:04:30.910 And chains of authorization (ijazat) continue to be granted in this field. 00:04:30.910 --> 00:04:33.910 Many scholars preserved the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:04:33.910 --> 00:04:36.910 With their continuous chains of transmission back to him. 00:04:36.910 --> 00:04:40.069 As for preservation in written lines, 00:04:40.069 --> 00:04:43.069 It began with the compilation of the Book of Allah during the era of Abu Bakr 00:04:43.069 --> 00:04:46.069 And 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with them both. 00:04:46.069 --> 00:04:49.069 Today, it is manifested in the care given to printing the Book of Allah, 00:04:49.069 --> 00:04:52.069 With precise voweling and standard Uthmanic orthography. 00:04:52.069 --> 00:04:55.069 The same applies to the Sunnah: 00:04:55.069 --> 00:04:58.069 It has been recorded since the era of 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, 00:04:59.069 --> 00:05:02.069 Giving rise to diverse works, including musnads, jawami', 00:05:02.069 --> 00:05:05.069 sunans, and mu'jams. 00:05:05.069 --> 00:05:08.199 Second: 00:05:08.199 --> 00:05:11.199 Exalting the scriptural text by accepting it, submitting to it, 00:05:11.199 --> 00:05:14.199 Rejoicing in it, and acting upon it, 00:05:14.199 --> 00:05:17.199 As we have explained in the preceding concepts. 00:05:17.199 --> 00:05:20.519 Third: 00:05:20.519 --> 00:05:23.519 Exalting the scriptural text by championing it, defending it, 00:05:23.519 --> 00:05:26.519 Denouncing anyone who opposes it, 00:05:26.519 --> 00:05:29.519 Refuting the misconceptions of adversaries who oppose 00:05:29.519 --> 00:05:32.519 And object to the scriptural texts, 00:05:32.519 --> 00:05:35.519 Dismantling their claims, exposing their plots, 00:05:35.519 --> 00:05:38.519 And confronting those who interpret 00:05:38.519 --> 00:05:41.519 The text allegorically and distort it to conform to 00:05:41.519 --> 00:05:44.519 Their doctrine, or those who prioritize personal opinion 00:05:44.519 --> 00:05:47.519 And analogical reasoning over the text, 00:05:47.519 --> 00:05:50.519 Or prioritize spiritual tastes and ecstatic experiences over it. 00:05:50.519 --> 00:05:53.519 Finally, confronting political tacticians 00:05:53.519 --> 00:05:56.519 Who prioritize their political interests over the text. 00:05:56.519 --> 00:05:59.680 Fourth: 00:05:59.680 --> 00:06:02.680 Serving the scriptural text in ways that facilitate understanding it 00:06:02.680 --> 00:06:05.680 And pondering it. Islamic heritage 00:06:05.680 --> 00:06:08.680 Abounds with this, as the Islamic library is filled 00:06:08.680 --> 00:06:11.680 With works of Tafsir of the Qur'an, 00:06:11.680 --> 00:06:14.680 Reasons for revelation, and branches of Qur'anic sciences, 00:06:14.680 --> 00:06:17.680 Just as it is filled with commentaries on the books of the Sunnah 00:06:17.680 --> 00:06:20.810 And various sciences of hadith. 00:06:20.810 --> 00:06:23.810 Among the most important manifestations of exalting the scriptural text 00:06:23.810 --> 00:06:26.810 Is judging by it among people, 00:06:26.810 --> 00:06:29.810 Seeking judgment from it, 00:06:29.810 --> 00:06:34.019 And rejecting everything that contradicts it. 00:06:34.019 --> 00:06:37.949 What is meant by it: 00:06:37.949 --> 00:06:40.949 Is listening to the texts of the two revelations in a way that grasps their meanings. 00:06:40.949 --> 00:06:43.949 Thus, the saying of Allah the Almighty: 00:06:43.949 --> 00:06:46.949 “And if anyone of the idolaters seeketh thy protection (O Muhammad), then protect him so that he may hear the Word of Allah, and afterward convey him to his place of safety. That is because they are a folk who know not.” (9:6) 00:06:46.949 --> 00:06:49.949 "...then convey him to his place of safety," 00:06:50.949 --> 00:06:53.949 Means that he hears the speech of Allah in a manner 00:06:53.949 --> 00:06:56.949 That enables him to understand its meaning. 00:06:56.949 --> 00:06:59.949 If he is a non-Arab, it is translated for him; 00:06:59.949 --> 00:07:02.949 And if a word or sentence poses a difficulty for him, 00:07:02.949 --> 00:07:05.949 Even if he is an Arab, it is explained to him. 00:07:05.949 --> 00:07:09.939 [As for the one who fails] to understand what he heard, 00:07:09.939 --> 00:07:13.810 He has derived no benefit from it. 00:07:13.810 --> 00:07:16.810 Whoever understands but derives no benefit from hearing or intellect 00:07:16.810 --> 00:07:19.810 Is as though he neither heard nor understood. 00:07:19.810 --> 00:07:22.810 The People of the Fire 00:07:22.810 --> 00:07:25.810 “And they say: Had we been wont to listen or have sense, we had not been among the dwellers in the flames.” (67:10) 00:07:25.810 --> 00:07:28.810 “And they say: Had we been wont to listen or have sense, we had not been among the dwellers in the flames.” (67:10) 00:07:28.810 --> 00:07:31.810 This negation traces back to the corruption of their hearing 00:07:31.810 --> 00:07:35.740 And the corruption of their intellect. 00:07:35.740 --> 00:07:39.699 Innovators possess corruption in both their hearing and intellect. 00:07:39.699 --> 00:07:42.699 Among the corruption of their hearing 00:07:42.699 --> 00:07:45.699 Is receiving knowledge from charlatans and impostors, 00:07:45.699 --> 00:07:48.699 Or philosophers and atheists. 00:07:49.699 --> 00:07:52.699 Among the corruption of their intellect 00:07:52.699 --> 00:07:55.699 Is distorting the meanings of authentic texts, 00:07:55.699 --> 00:07:58.699 Employing false allegorical interpretations, 00:07:58.699 --> 00:08:01.699 And pitting scriptural texts against one another 00:08:01.699 --> 00:08:04.699 To champion their falsehood. 00:08:04.699 --> 00:08:07.699 Hence, you see them acting upon some scriptural texts 00:08:07.699 --> 00:08:10.699 While setting aside others; 00:08:10.699 --> 00:08:13.699 They do not believe in the Book in its entirety, 00:08:13.699 --> 00:08:16.699 As is the way of Ahl al-Sunnah and adherents of the Sunnah, 00:08:16.699 --> 00:08:19.699 Who return ambiguous texts to the decisive ones 00:08:19.699 --> 00:08:22.699 And do not negate universal principles with subsidiary matters. 00:08:30.550 --> 00:08:33.549 Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah 00:08:33.549 --> 00:08:36.549 Are the people of sound hearing and robust intellect. 00:08:36.549 --> 00:08:39.549 They receive knowledge from the Qur'an and the authentic Sunnah, 00:08:39.549 --> 00:08:42.549 Employing the power of intellect and the faculty of understanding 00:08:42.549 --> 00:08:45.549 To comprehend the texts and distinguish between truth and falsehood. 00:08:51.570 --> 00:08:54.570 Scholastic theologians use the term "sam'iyyat" (transmitted matters) in creed 00:08:54.570 --> 00:08:57.570 To refer to what is established through scriptural transmission alone— 00:08:57.570 --> 00:09:00.570 Matters in which intellect has no independent scope, 00:09:00.570 --> 00:09:03.570 Namely, doctrines of the unseen, 00:09:03.570 --> 00:09:06.570 Such as Paradise, Hellfire, the Scale, the Bridge, 00:09:06.570 --> 00:09:09.570 The punishment of the grave, and so forth. 00:09:09.570 --> 00:09:12.570 One might suppose that they agree with 00:09:12.570 --> 00:09:15.570 Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah in this formulation; 00:09:15.570 --> 00:09:18.570 However, this is clouded by the fact 00:09:18.570 --> 00:09:21.570 That they insert a clause and make it a condition 00:09:21.570 --> 00:09:24.570 In every issue of transmitted matters (sam'iyyat), 00:09:24.570 --> 00:09:27.570 Namely their assertion: "Provided that the intellect 00:09:27.570 --> 00:09:30.570 Does not deem it impossible." 00:09:30.570 --> 00:09:33.570 Thereby emphasizing that the ultimate reference point 00:09:33.570 --> 00:09:36.570 In creedal matters for them is the intellect, 00:09:36.570 --> 00:09:39.570 Which acts as a judge over the texts, 00:09:39.570 --> 00:09:42.600 Rather than the text itself being the authoritative proof in the matter. 00:09:42.600 --> 00:09:45.600 Consequently, when they addressed the attributes of Allah the Almighty— 00:09:45.600 --> 00:09:48.600 Which they hold to be matters the intellect can independently grasp— 00:09:48.600 --> 00:09:51.600 And then subjected to their deficient intellects 00:09:51.600 --> 00:09:54.600 The texts affirming Allah's attributes 00:09:54.600 --> 00:09:57.600 That contradicted their view, 00:09:57.600 --> 00:10:00.600 They rejected the text if it was a hadith, 00:10:00.600 --> 00:10:03.600 Even if it was authentic, claiming it was an ahad hadith; 00:10:03.600 --> 00:10:06.600 Or they interpreted it allegorically or consigned its meaning to Allah 00:10:06.600 --> 00:10:10.500 If it was a Qur'anic verse. 00:10:10.500 --> 00:10:13.500 The Intellect Cannot Independently Grasp a Core Principle of Creed 00:10:15.009 --> 00:10:18.009 According to Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah, it is impossible 00:10:18.009 --> 00:10:21.009 For any core principle of creed 00:10:21.009 --> 00:10:24.009 To be independently grasped and established by intellect alone. 00:10:24.009 --> 00:10:27.009 This is one of the most prominent methodological differences 00:10:27.009 --> 00:10:30.009 Between them and the Ash'aris. 00:10:30.009 --> 00:10:33.009 For this reason, they had no need to divide creedal issues 00:10:33.009 --> 00:10:37.100 Into transmitted matters (sam'iyyat) and rational matters ('aqliyyat). 00:10:37.100 --> 00:10:41.220 The Role of Intellect in Relation to 00:10:41.220 --> 00:10:44.220 Authentic Scriptural Texts and its Scope 00:10:44.220 --> 00:10:47.220 Lies in exercising legal reasoning (ijtihad) to comprehend the texts 00:10:47.220 --> 00:10:50.220 And determine how to act upon them, 00:10:50.220 --> 00:10:53.220 Not in accepting or rejecting them. 00:10:53.220 --> 00:10:56.220 Divine revelation is the straight path, 00:10:56.220 --> 00:10:59.220 And the intellect is the tool used to comprehend this path; 00:10:59.220 --> 00:11:02.220 A tool can neither contradict the path 00:11:02.220 --> 00:11:05.220 Nor object to it. 00:11:05.220 --> 00:11:08.220 Claiming a contradiction between them 00:11:08.220 --> 00:11:11.220 Is an accusation against Him Who revealed the divine revelation and created the tool. 00:11:11.220 --> 00:11:14.220 The Concept Held by Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah 00:11:14.220 --> 00:11:17.629 Regarding the intellect and its role 00:11:17.629 --> 00:11:21.370 Is a middle ground between those who exaggerated its status 00:11:21.370 --> 00:11:24.370 And prioritized it over the text, 00:11:24.370 --> 00:11:27.370 And those who neglected it, 00:11:27.370 --> 00:11:30.370 Disregarding its role in understanding the texts 00:11:30.370 --> 00:11:33.370 And deriving their rulings and wisdoms, 00:11:33.370 --> 00:11:36.370 and surrendered themselves to myths and superstitions. 00:11:36.370 --> 00:11:39.370 and sorcery and delusions 00:11:39.370 --> 00:11:42.980 The legitimate domains of human reason in interpreting the sacred text. 00:11:42.980 --> 00:11:45.980 The legitimate scope of human reason in interpreting the sacred text. 00:11:45.980 --> 00:11:49.870 And the ways of interacting with it are numerous. 00:11:49.870 --> 00:11:52.870 Firstly, from among them is 00:11:52.870 --> 00:11:55.870 Understanding the text from the outset. 00:11:55.870 --> 00:11:58.870 And understanding its meaning and its implications. 00:11:58.870 --> 00:12:01.940 Secondly, to acquire as much knowledge as possible. 00:12:01.940 --> 00:12:04.940 Among the underlying causes, benefits, and wisdoms. 00:12:04.940 --> 00:12:07.940 And the objectives that the revealed texts have brought forth. 00:12:08.940 --> 00:12:11.940 Thirdly, understanding the context of the text. 00:12:11.940 --> 00:12:14.940 And the reason for its revelation or the context of its occurrence. 00:12:14.940 --> 00:12:17.940 And the circumstances surrounding him. 00:12:17.940 --> 00:12:21.029 Fourthly, the removal of what becomes apparent. 00:12:21.029 --> 00:12:24.059 That there is a contradiction between the texts. 00:12:24.059 --> 00:12:27.059 Fifthly, applying the text to contemporary reality. 00:12:27.059 --> 00:12:30.259 By verifying the points of discussion. 00:12:30.259 --> 00:12:33.259 Sixth, considering the ultimate consequences and outcomes of legal rulings. 00:12:33.259 --> 00:12:36.450 Seventh, the practical application of knowledge. 00:12:36.450 --> 00:12:39.450 He stated two principles, the first of which is blocking the means to evil. 00:12:39.450 --> 00:12:42.450 And that without which an obligatory duty cannot be fulfilled is itself obligatory. 00:12:42.450 --> 00:12:45.509 It is therefore an obligation. 00:12:45.509 --> 00:12:48.509 Eighth, understanding the nature of the legal ruling. 00:12:48.509 --> 00:12:51.509 whether definitive or speculative. 00:12:51.509 --> 00:12:55.120 Whether it is agreed upon or subject to differing interpretations. 00:12:55.120 --> 00:12:58.120 The domains in which the intellect submits to scriptural texts and legal rulings. 00:12:58.120 --> 00:13:01.889 These fields are characterized by devotion and spiritual focus. 00:13:01.889 --> 00:13:04.889 Which the intellect has no role in determining. 00:13:05.889 --> 00:13:08.889 Regarding submission to the unseen matters. 00:13:08.889 --> 00:13:11.889 This is among the most important characteristics of the believers. 00:13:11.889 --> 00:13:14.889 Allah the Exalted says: 00:13:14.889 --> 00:13:17.889 “This is the Scripture whereof there is no doubt, a guidance unto those who ward off (evil).” (2:2) 00:13:17.889 --> 00:13:20.889 This is guidance for the God-fearing, who believe in the unseen. 00:13:20.889 --> 00:13:23.919 It is also manifested in the act of submission. 00:13:23.919 --> 00:13:26.919 regarding the legal rulings of the Shari'ah, both its commands and its prohibitions. 00:13:26.919 --> 00:13:29.919 And accepting them and submitting to them. 00:13:29.919 --> 00:13:32.919 Whether or not one perceives the wisdom behind its legislation. 00:13:32.919 --> 00:13:35.919 Or perhaps he did not live to witness that. 00:13:35.919 --> 00:13:38.919 It is also manifested in submitting to the rulings. 00:13:38.919 --> 00:13:41.919 The universal, preordained decree of Allah. 00:13:41.919 --> 00:13:44.919 And the certainty that Allah possesses the ultimate wisdom. 00:13:44.919 --> 00:13:47.919 Regarding what He decrees. 00:13:47.919 --> 00:13:50.919 This does not mean that one should not strive to avert the decrees of Allah. 00:13:50.919 --> 00:13:53.919 through the legitimate means that are considered 00:13:53.919 --> 00:13:56.919 It is the very same thing in terms of divine decree. 00:13:56.919 --> 00:13:59.919 Rather, he repels the decree of Allah with His decree. 00:14:00.919 --> 00:14:04.559 Prohibiting the rejection of a scriptural text based on human reason. 00:14:04.559 --> 00:14:08.389 The methodology of engaging with the sacred text. 00:14:08.389 --> 00:14:11.389 and to understand its meaning. 00:14:11.389 --> 00:14:14.389 It is beyond the capacity of human reason to reject or invalidate it. 00:14:14.389 --> 00:14:17.389 It became incumbent upon him to accept and implement it. 00:14:17.389 --> 00:14:20.389 Whether this meaning and implication 00:14:20.389 --> 00:14:23.389 whether it is something familiar to the intellect or something foreign to it 00:14:23.389 --> 00:14:27.059 The established texts of the Shari'ah. 00:14:27.059 --> 00:14:30.059 In all fields. 00:14:31.059 --> 00:14:34.899 The established rulings confirmed by the sacred texts. 00:14:34.899 --> 00:14:37.899 It is incumbent upon the intellect to accept them. 00:14:37.899 --> 00:14:40.899 It encompasses all fields. 00:14:40.899 --> 00:14:43.899 Whether this pertains to the cosmic realities 00:14:43.899 --> 00:14:46.899 Or matters of creed and conceptual frameworks. 00:14:46.899 --> 00:14:49.899 Or the methodologies of governance and legislation. 00:14:49.899 --> 00:14:52.899 Or matters of character and etiquette. 00:14:52.899 --> 00:14:56.860 And so on, to the end of that. 00:14:56.860 --> 00:14:59.860 The impossibilities of the intellect and the bewilderment of the intellect. 00:14:59.860 --> 00:15:04.039 One must distinguish between 00:15:04.039 --> 00:15:07.039 The intellect recognizes its falsehood and impossibility. 00:15:07.039 --> 00:15:10.039 And that which the intellect is incapable of conceptualizing or comprehending. 00:15:10.039 --> 00:15:13.070 The first [category] is among those things that are rationally impossible. 00:15:13.070 --> 00:15:16.070 That is, from that which the intellects deem impossible to occur. 00:15:16.070 --> 00:15:19.070 The second [category] is that which baffles the intellects. 00:15:19.070 --> 00:15:22.070 It is among those matters whose comprehension baffles the intellect. 00:15:22.070 --> 00:15:25.100 Thus, revelation and the messengers. 00:15:25.100 --> 00:15:28.100 They may sometimes report on matters of the unseen. 00:15:28.100 --> 00:15:31.100 Human intellects are left bewildered in their attempt to comprehend it. 00:15:31.100 --> 00:15:34.100 Such as matters concerning the Hereafter, Paradise, and the Fire. 00:15:34.100 --> 00:15:37.100 And the punishment of the grave, and all that follows thereafter. 00:15:37.100 --> 00:15:40.100 As for that which the intellect deems impossible to occur 00:15:40.100 --> 00:15:43.100 No one would assert this except for someone who... 00:15:43.100 --> 00:15:46.100 The liars and the impostors. 00:15:46.100 --> 00:15:50.159 And those who possess corrupt intellects 00:15:50.159 --> 00:15:53.159 The origin of the alleged conflict with reason. 00:15:54.159 --> 00:15:57.580 One of two matters. 00:15:57.580 --> 00:16:00.580 Or it is a corruption of the intellect. 00:16:00.580 --> 00:16:03.580 Such as the erroneous understanding of what is intended by the text, for example. 00:16:03.580 --> 00:16:06.740 Or the lack of authenticity and established validity of the text. 00:16:06.740 --> 00:16:09.740 As for what has been established through inductive reasoning and thorough investigation 00:16:09.740 --> 00:16:12.740 It is that the intellect is explicit. 00:16:12.740 --> 00:16:17.460 It is impossible for it to ever contradict authentic transmitted evidence. 00:16:17.460 --> 00:16:20.460 The opposition of human reason to the revealed text. 00:16:20.460 --> 00:16:24.580 Its ultimate resolution lies in the perverted application of it. 00:16:24.580 --> 00:16:27.580 And they claim that some of the revealed texts contradict human reason. 00:16:27.580 --> 00:16:30.580 They do not, in reality, oppose it with human reason. 00:16:30.580 --> 00:16:33.580 They are merely opposing 00:16:33.580 --> 00:16:36.580 By their inverted use of their own intellects. 00:16:36.580 --> 00:16:39.580 The deficient and the corrupt. 00:16:39.580 --> 00:16:42.580 Among these measures is the establishment of curricula and foundational principles. 00:16:42.580 --> 00:16:45.580 Based on the assertions made by the logicians. 00:16:45.580 --> 00:16:48.580 Or a person’s observations remain limited and deficient. 00:16:48.580 --> 00:16:51.580 Or experiences of his that are incomplete. 00:16:52.580 --> 00:16:55.580 Then, he uses it to judge the established rulings and fundamental principles of the religion. 00:16:55.580 --> 00:16:58.580 Whereas the correct methodology 00:16:58.580 --> 00:17:01.580 It is the reception of authentic texts and the understanding of them. 00:17:01.580 --> 00:17:04.579 For both of them are authentic, so that it may be derived from them. 00:17:04.579 --> 00:17:08.349 The established principles and constants. 00:17:08.349 --> 00:17:12.500 Consensus (ijma') and its legal authority. 00:17:12.500 --> 00:17:15.500 Consensus (ijma') constitutes a binding legal proof in the Shari'ah. 00:17:15.500 --> 00:17:18.500 This is the consensus of the Muslim scholars in every era. 00:17:18.500 --> 00:17:21.500 Following the passing of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:17:21.500 --> 00:17:24.500 A matter pertaining to the affairs of the religion. 00:17:24.500 --> 00:17:27.500 Its origin is established and its importance is emphasized. 00:17:27.500 --> 00:17:30.500 The consensus of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. 00:17:30.500 --> 00:17:33.500 And the majority of issues among the Muslims 00:17:33.500 --> 00:17:38.069 While there is a consensus on the matter, the well-known position is that there is a difference of opinion. 00:17:38.069 --> 00:17:41.069 The benefit of utilizing consensus as a legal proof. 00:17:41.069 --> 00:17:44.809 Even in the presence of the textual evidence. 00:17:44.809 --> 00:17:47.809 These matters are frequently addressed in books of fiqh. 00:17:47.809 --> 00:17:50.839 This is a statement that is firmly established by the Qur'an and the Sunnah. 00:17:50.839 --> 00:17:53.839 And regarding what some have questioned 00:17:53.839 --> 00:17:56.839 What is the benefit of mentioning consensus? 00:17:56.839 --> 00:17:59.839 while possessing the textual evidence from the Book or the Sunnah 00:17:59.839 --> 00:18:02.839 The answer is that the indication of the Qur'an and the Sunnah 00:18:02.839 --> 00:18:05.839 regarding a certain issue 00:18:05.839 --> 00:18:08.839 It may be speculative rather than definitive. 00:18:08.839 --> 00:18:11.839 Thus, consensus (ijma') eliminates conjecture. 00:18:11.839 --> 00:18:14.839 And he transforms the indication into a definitive proof. 00:18:14.839 --> 00:18:18.930 Thus, disagreement is precluded in that regard. 00:18:19.930 --> 00:18:23.599 The scholars of legal theory (usuliyyun) derived evidence from this. 00:18:23.599 --> 00:18:26.599 By the words of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 00:18:26.599 --> 00:18:29.599 “Verily in the messenger of Allah ye have a good example for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.” (33:21) 00:18:29.599 --> 00:18:32.599 An excellent example for those who hope in Allah. 00:18:32.599 --> 00:18:35.599 And the Last Day, and remembering Allah frequently. 00:18:35.599 --> 00:18:38.599 regarding the use of the Prophet’s actions as evidence. 00:18:38.599 --> 00:18:41.599 May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:18:41.599 --> 00:18:44.599 And the fundamental principle is that he is the exemplar for his Ummah. 00:18:44.599 --> 00:18:47.599 regarding legal rulings, except for that which is indicated 00:18:48.599 --> 00:18:52.849 The meaning of legal analogy (qiyas) in Islamic jurisprudence. 00:18:52.849 --> 00:18:56.619 Qiyas (analogical reasoning) is the process of linking a secondary case to a primary one. 00:18:56.619 --> 00:18:59.619 regarding a fundamental principle in legal ruling. 00:18:59.619 --> 00:19:02.619 Due to a common underlying cause shared between them. 00:19:02.619 --> 00:19:05.619 It is a proof and a source of legislation. 00:19:05.619 --> 00:19:08.619 Regarding matters for which there is no explicit textual ruling. 00:19:08.619 --> 00:19:11.619 The Zahiri school of thought rejects it. 00:19:11.619 --> 00:19:14.619 An example of this is the prohibition of certain types of leasing or collateral arrangements. 00:19:14.619 --> 00:19:17.619 Or the marriage contract during the time of the Friday prayer. 00:19:17.619 --> 00:19:20.619 due to the underlying cause that unites them both. 00:19:20.619 --> 00:19:23.619 It is an impediment to striving for the Friday prayer. 00:19:23.619 --> 00:19:26.619 And the possibility of missing it. 00:19:26.619 --> 00:19:29.619 Allah the Almighty says: 00:19:29.619 --> 00:19:32.619 “O ye who believe! When the call is heard for the prayer of the day of congregation, haste unto remembrance of Allah and leave your trading. That is better for you if ye did but know.” (62:9) 00:19:32.619 --> 00:19:35.619 “O ye who believe! When the call is heard for the prayer of the day of congregation, haste unto remembrance of Allah and leave your trading. That is better for you if ye did but know.” (62:9) 00:19:35.619 --> 00:19:38.619 And abandon trade. 00:19:38.619 --> 00:19:41.619 And every analogy that contradicts a textual evidence. 00:19:41.619 --> 00:19:45.509 That is a flawed analogy. 00:19:46.509 --> 00:19:50.180 That which settles within the hearts. 00:19:50.180 --> 00:19:53.180 Among the various forms of divine inspiration, spiritual unveilings, and true dreams. 00:19:53.180 --> 00:19:56.180 Which is frequently mentioned by the Sufis. 00:19:56.180 --> 00:19:59.180 They do not, in and of themselves, prove that a matter is the truth. 00:19:59.180 --> 00:20:02.220 And do not believe [a report] until you have verified it. 00:20:02.220 --> 00:20:05.220 upon the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger. 00:20:05.220 --> 00:20:08.220 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:20:08.220 --> 00:20:11.220 If they both testify to its acceptance, then it is accepted. 00:20:11.220 --> 00:20:14.220 And if she fulfills it, it is returned. 00:20:14.220 --> 00:20:17.220 And he did not know of any agreement or rejection. 00:20:17.220 --> 00:20:20.220 He paused regarding it. 00:20:20.220 --> 00:20:23.220 She neither confirmed nor denied it. 00:20:23.220 --> 00:20:26.220 For revelation and inspiration, just as they come from the Most Merciful, 00:20:26.220 --> 00:20:29.220 For it may be from the Shaytan. 00:20:29.220 --> 00:20:32.220 Allah the Exalted says 00:20:32.220 --> 00:20:35.220 “And eat not of that whereon Allah's name hath not been mentioned, for lo! it is abomination. Lo! the devils do inspire their minions to dispute with you. But if ye obey them, ye will be in truth idolaters.” (6:121) 00:20:35.220 --> 00:20:38.220 so that they may argue with you 00:20:38.220 --> 00:20:41.220 “And eat not of that whereon Allah's name hath not been mentioned, for lo! it is abomination. Lo! the devils do inspire their minions to dispute with you. But if ye obey them, ye will be in truth idolaters.” (6:121) 00:20:42.220 --> 00:20:45.220 And thus We have made for every prophet an enemy from among the criminals. 00:20:45.220 --> 00:20:48.220 “Thus have We appointed unto every prophet an adversary - devils of humankind and jinn who inspire in one another plausible discourse through guile. If thy Lord willed, they would not do so; so leave them alone with their devising;” (6:112) 00:20:48.220 --> 00:20:51.220 “Thus have We appointed unto every prophet an adversary - devils of humankind and jinn who inspire in one another plausible discourse through guile. If thy Lord willed, they would not do so; so leave them alone with their devising;” (6:112) 00:20:51.220 --> 00:20:55.500 They embellish their speech with vanity to deceive. 00:20:59.500 --> 00:21:02.980 The truth is not proven by the status of individuals. 00:21:02.980 --> 00:21:05.980 due to the large size of his family. 00:21:05.980 --> 00:21:08.980 And do not let the scarcity of those traveling the path discourage you. 00:21:08.980 --> 00:21:11.980 regarding one of the matters, on the basis that it is not the truth. 00:21:12.980 --> 00:21:15.980 Allah the Exalted says: 00:21:15.980 --> 00:21:18.980 “If thou obeyedst most of those on earth they would mislead thee far from Allah's way. They follow naught but an opinion, and they do but guess.” (6:116) 00:21:18.980 --> 00:21:21.980 from the path of Allah 00:21:21.980 --> 00:21:24.980 And the Almighty has said 00:21:24.980 --> 00:21:27.980 Yet most people will not believe, no matter how much you may desire it. 00:21:27.980 --> 00:21:30.980 The truth is only known and evidenced through it. 00:21:30.980 --> 00:21:33.980 through the paths of revelation that lead to Him. 00:21:33.980 --> 00:21:36.980 And the innate disposition (fitra) and the intellect. 00:21:36.980 --> 00:21:39.980 Truth is not known by the men who speak it; rather, men are known by the truth. 00:21:39.980 --> 00:21:42.980 And the community (al-jama'ah) is that which aligns with the truth. 00:21:42.980 --> 00:21:45.980 Even if you were all alone. 00:21:45.980 --> 00:21:50.670 The frequency with which followers are guided. 00:21:50.670 --> 00:21:54.440 Or you said that it is in the hand of Allah alone. 00:21:54.440 --> 00:21:57.440 Whether the number of followers is large or small. 00:21:57.440 --> 00:22:00.440 You do not uphold the truth nor do you invalidate falsehood. 00:22:00.440 --> 00:22:03.440 The guidance of the followers lies in the hand of Allah. 00:22:03.440 --> 00:22:06.440 The religion of Noah is the same religion as the religion of Muhammad, peace be upon him. 00:22:06.440 --> 00:22:09.470 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him himself 00:22:09.470 --> 00:22:12.470 Noah remained among his people for a thousand years, less fifty years. 00:22:12.470 --> 00:22:15.470 Yet only a few believed in him. 00:22:15.470 --> 00:22:18.470 And Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, prayed. 00:22:18.470 --> 00:22:21.470 Twenty-three years. 00:22:21.470 --> 00:22:24.470 A great nation followed him. 00:22:24.470 --> 00:22:28.589 The opinion of the majority is not considered. 00:22:28.589 --> 00:22:31.589 Except in matters that do not contradict the explicit truth. 00:22:31.589 --> 00:22:35.460 It is not valid to vote on 00:22:35.460 --> 00:22:38.619 That which contradicts the Sacred Law and the truth. 00:22:38.619 --> 00:22:41.619 The majority opinion is only considered valid 00:22:41.619 --> 00:22:44.650 when it does not contradict explicit truth. 00:22:44.650 --> 00:22:47.650 However, if it stands against the truth, 00:22:47.650 --> 00:22:50.650 it then becomes null and void. 00:22:50.650 --> 00:22:53.650 For if the opinion of the majority were inherently superior and correct, 00:22:53.650 --> 00:22:56.650 then the people of Lot would have been more deserving than Lot, 00:22:56.650 --> 00:22:59.650 and Pharaoh would have been more deserving than Moses. 00:22:59.650 --> 00:23:04.730 What is meant by the Zahiri school 00:23:04.730 --> 00:23:07.730 is a school of fiqh 00:23:07.730 --> 00:23:10.730 that adheres strictly to the literal meaning of the texts, 00:23:10.730 --> 00:23:13.730 expands upon the principle of original presumption, 00:23:13.730 --> 00:23:16.730 and rejects analogical reasoning (qiyas). 00:23:16.730 --> 00:23:19.730 For this reason, they are also called 00:23:19.730 --> 00:23:22.730 the deniers of analogical reasoning. 00:23:22.730 --> 00:23:25.730 They exert great effort in establishing many 00:23:25.730 --> 00:23:28.730 of the rulings of the Shari'ah based solely on explicit text. 00:23:28.730 --> 00:23:32.430 A summary of the concepts of the Ahl al-Sunnah. 00:23:32.430 --> 00:23:35.430 A summary of the concepts of the Ahl al-Sunnah.