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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Hijr.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“Announce, (O Muhammad) unto My slaves that verily I am the Forgiving, the Merciful,” (15:49)

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“And that My doom is the dolorous doom.” (15:50)

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Inform My servants, O Muhammad,

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That I am the One who conceals their sins if they repent from them,

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And that I am merciful toward them, such that I would not punish them after their repentance.

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Inform them also that My punishment, for those who persist in their disobedience,

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Is a painful torment, the likes of which no other torment resembles.

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“And tell them of Abraham's guests,” (15:51)

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When they entered upon him and said, "Peace."

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“(How) when they came in unto him, and said: Peace. He said: Lo! we are afraid of you.” (15:52)

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“They said: Be not afraid! Lo! we bring thee good tidings of a boy possessing wisdom.” (15:53)

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Inform My servants, O Muhammad, about the guests of Ibrahim (peace be upon him) from among the angels,

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Who entered upon Ibrahim, the Friend of the Most Merciful,

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When their Lord sent them to the people of Lut (peace be upon him) to destroy them.

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When they entered upon Ibrahim and said, "Peace."

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Ibrahim said, "Indeed, we are fearful of you."

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The guest said to Ibrahim, "Do not fear."

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“They said: Be not afraid! Lo! we bring thee good tidings of a boy possessing wisdom.” (15:53)

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“He said: Bring ye me good tidings (of a son) when old age hath overtaken me? Of what then can ye bring good tidings?” (15:54)

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“They said: We bring thee good tidings in truth. So be not thou of the despairing.” (15:55)

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“He said: And who despaireth of the mercy of his Lord save those who are astray?” (15:56)

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Ibrahim said to the angels,

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“He said: Bring ye me good tidings (of a son) when old age hath overtaken me? Of what then can ye bring good tidings?” (15:54)

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"With what do you bring good tidings?"

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The guest of Ibrahim said to him,

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"We bring you good tidings of a certain truth,

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And we have knowledge that Allah has granted you a knowledgeable boy."

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"So do not be among those who despair of the bounty of Allah,

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And lose hope in Him."

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"Rather, rejoice in what we have brought you."

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And before the good tidings,

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Ibrahim said to the guest,

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"And who despairs of the mercy of Allah

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Except those who have strayed from the path of righteousness?"

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And thus they have gone astray from the religion of Allah.

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He said, "What is your business, O messengers?"

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They said, "Indeed, we have been sent to a criminal people."

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“(All) save the family of Lot. Them we shall deliver every one,” (15:59)

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“Except his wife, of whom We had decreed that she should be of those who stay behind.” (15:60)

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Ibrahim said to the angels,

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"What is your command, O messengers?"

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The angels said to him,

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"We have been sent to a people who have acquired disbelief in Allah,

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Except for the followers of Lut, who remain upon the religion,

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For we shall not destroy them,

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But we will save them from the punishment,

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Except for the wife of Lut;

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Allah has decreed concerning her that she is among those who remain behind,

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And she will be destroyed thereafter."

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“And when the messengers came unto the family of Lot,” (15:61)

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“He said: Lo! ye are folk unknown (to me).” (15:62)

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“They said: Nay, but we bring thee that concerning which they keep disputing,” (15:63)

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“And bring thee the Truth, and lo! we are truth-tellers.” (15:64)

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So when the messengers of Allah came to the family of Lut,

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He said to them,

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"Indeed, we do not recognize you; we do not know who you are."

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The messengers said to him,

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"Rather, we are the messengers of Allah.

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We have come to you with that which your people were doubting would befall them of the punishment of Allah for their disbelief in Him,

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And we have come to you with the certain truth from Allah,

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Which is the punishment.

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And we are truthful in what we have informed you of, O Lut,

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That Allah is going to destroy your people.

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So set out with your family during a portion of the night and follow behind them."

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“So travel with thy household in a portion of the night, and follow thou their backs. Let none of you turn round, but go whither ye are commanded.” (15:65)

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We decreed to him that command: that these people would be cut off by the morning.

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So set out with your family during the remainder of the night,

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And follow, O Lut, behind your family whom you are taking out,

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And be behind them,

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And walk behind them while they are in front of you,

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And let not any among you look back,

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And proceed to where Allah commands you.

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We finished that matter for Lut,

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And We revealed that the last of your people and the first of them

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Would be cut off and eradicated by the morning of that night.

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“And the people of the city came, rejoicing at the news (of new arrivals).” (15:67)

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“He said: Lo! they are my guests. Affront me not!” (15:68)

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“And keep your duty to Allah, and shame me not!” (15:69)

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The people of the city of Sodom came,

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And they were the people of Lut,

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When they heard that guests had visited Lut,

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Rejoicing at their arrival in their city,

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Out of their greed to commit the immoral act.

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Lut said to his people,

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"Indeed, these people whom you have come to, desiring the immoral act from them,

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Are my guests,

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And it is a duty upon a man to honor his guest.

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So do not disgrace me, O people, regarding my guests,

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And honor me by refraining from harming them,

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And fear Allah regarding me and yourselves, lest His punishment befall you,

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And do not humiliate me or insult me regarding them."

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“They said; Have we not forbidden you from (entertaining) anyone?” (15:70)

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“He said: Here are my daughters, if ye must be doing (so).” (15:71)

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His people said,

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"Did we not forbid you from hosting anyone from the worlds?"

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Lut said to his people,

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"Marry women, and come to them,

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And do not do what Allah has forbidden you of approaching men.

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If you are going to do what I command you and follow my instruction."

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“By thy life (O Muhammad) they moved blindly in the frenzy of approaching death.” (15:72)

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So the blast seized them at sunrise.

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“And We utterly confounded them, and We rained upon them stones of heated clay.” (15:74)

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“And We utterly confounded them, and We rained upon them stones of heated clay.” (15:74)

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By your life, O Muhammad,

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That your people from Quraysh

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Are wandering blindly in their misguidance and ignorance.

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A thunderbolt of punishment seized them as the sun rose,

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And We made the highest part of their land its lowest,

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And We rained upon them stones of clay.

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Indeed, what We did to the people of Lut

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Are signs and indications for those who possess insight and take heed of the signs of Allah,

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And a lesson regarding the consequences of the affairs of those who disobey Him and disbelieve in Him.

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And this city,

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The city of Sodom,

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Is on a clear, established path,

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Seen by the traveler passing by it; it is not hidden.

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Indeed, in Our treatment of the people of Lut

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Is a clear sign and indication for those who believe in Allah,

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Of His retribution against the people of disbelief,

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And His salvation of the people of faith from His punishment.

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The companions of the thicket were also disbelievers in Allah,

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So We took retribution from them.

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And the city of the companions of the thicket and the city of Lut

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Are on a path that they follow in their travels,

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Which makes its straightness clear to those who follow it.

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“And the dwellers in Al-Hijr denied (Our) messengers.” (15:80)

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“And we gave them Our revelations, but they were averse to them.” (15:81)

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They used to carve houses out of the mountains, feeling secure.

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So the blast seized them in the morning.

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And what they used to earn did not avail them at all.

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And the inhabitants of al-Hijr denied the messengers,

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And they were Thamud, the people of Salih (peace be upon him).

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We showed them Our proofs and arguments

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Regarding the truth of what We sent Our messenger Salih to them with,

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But they were averse to Our signs,

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Neither taking heed of them nor being admonished.

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They used to carve houses out of the mountains, feeling secure from the punishment of Allah.

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It is said they felt secure from ruin, that their houses which they carved from the mountains would not be destroyed.

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And it is said they felt secure from death.

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So the blast of destruction seized them when they reached the morning.

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And what they used to commit of evil deeds before that did not avert the punishment of Allah from them.

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“We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them save with truth, and lo! the Hour is surely coming. So forgive, (O Muhammad), with a gracious forgiveness.” (15:85)

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And the Hour is surely coming.

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So forgive with gracious forgiveness.

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“Lo! Thy Lord! He is the All-Wise Creator.” (15:86)

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And We did not create all of creation,

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Its heavens and its earth,

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And what is between them, except with justice and fairness.

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And Allah, the Exalted, did not wrong any of the nations whose stories He recounted in this Surah.

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And the Hour is surely coming.

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So turn away from the polytheists of your people with gracious turning away,

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And pardon them with gracious pardon.

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Indeed, your Lord is the One who created them and created everything,

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And He is All-Knowing of them and their affairs.

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“We have given thee seven of the oft-repeated (verses) and the great Qur'an.” (15:87)

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And We have given you seven of the oft-repeated verses,

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Where some verses reinforce others,

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And some follow others with sections separating them.

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It is permissible that it was called "oft-repeated" (mathani),

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Because the stories and reports were repeated in it time after time.

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So We have given you seven verses from the Qur'an,

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And other than that from the rest of the Qur'an.

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Do not extend your eyes toward that by which We have given enjoyment to categories of them,

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And do not grieve over them, and lower your wing to the believers.

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Do not wish, O Muhammad, for what We have made of the adornment of this world,

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As an enjoyment for the wealthy among your people.

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“They alone ask leave of thee who believe not in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts feel doubt, so in their doubt they waver.” (9:45)

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And do not grieve over what they have been given to enjoy, for it was hastened for them,

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For you have in the Hereafter that which is better than it.

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And soften your side for those who believe in you, follow you, and follow your words,

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And do not be harsh toward them.

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“And say: Lo! I, even I, am a plain warner,” (15:89)

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“Such as We send down for those who make division,” (15:90)

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Those who have made the Qur'an into parts.

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And say, O Muhammad, to the polytheists,

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"Indeed, I am the warner,

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Who has made clear his warning to you of the affliction and punishment

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That may descend upon you from Allah,

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Because of your persistence in your error,

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Like that which Allah, the Exalted, sent down of affliction and punishment

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Upon those who divided the Book of Allah,

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By denying some of it and believing in some of it."

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And it is possible that those meant by the "dividers"

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Are the people of the two Books,

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The Torah and the Gospel,

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Because they divided the Book of Allah;

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The Jews affirmed some of the Torah and denied some of it,

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And they denied the Gospel and the Criterion (the Qur'an).

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And the Christians affirmed some of the Gospel,

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And denied some of it and the Criterion.

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And it is possible that those meant by that are the polytheists of Quraysh,

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Because they divided the Qur'an;

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They called some of it poetry, some of it sorcery,

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And some of it legends of the ancients.

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Those who divided the Qur'an and made it into parts.

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And their "biting" (mockery) of it

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Was their casting of falsehood upon the Qur'an,

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And their saying that it is poetry and magic,

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And what is similar to that.

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So by your Lord, We will surely question them all,

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About what they used to do.

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“So proclaim that which thou art commanded, and withdraw from the idolaters.” (15:94)

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So by your Lord, O Muhammad, We will surely question those who made the Qur'an into parts,

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About what they used to do in the world regarding what We commanded them,

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And regarding what We sent you with to them.

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So proceed and proclaim the Qur'an and convey it to them,

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And refrain from warring against the polytheists and fighting them.

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Indeed, We have sufficed you against the mockers.

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“Who set some other god along with Allah. But they will come to know.” (15:96)

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They will soon know.

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Indeed, We have sufficed you against the mockers, O Muhammad,

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Those who mock you and ridicule you,

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Those who associate a partner with Allah in His worship.

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They will soon know what they will encounter of the punishment of Allah

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When they return to Him on the Day of Resurrection,

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And what will befall them of affliction.

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“Well know We that thy bosom is oppressed by what they say,” (15:97)

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So exalt with the praise of your Lord and be among those who prostrate.

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And worship your Lord until the certainty comes to you.

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And We know, O Muhammad,

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That your chest is constricted by what these polytheists say,

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Of their denying you and mocking you,

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And that this distresses you.

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So seek refuge, regarding what befalls you of matters you dislike from them,

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In gratitude to Allah, praising Him, and prayer;

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Allah will suffice you against what concerns you of that.

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And worship your Lord until death comes to you,

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Which you are certain of.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.