WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.029 --> 00:00:15.949 Surah al-Hijr. 00:00:18.670 --> 00:00:22.510 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.140 --> 00:00:30.539 “Announce, (O Muhammad) unto My slaves that verily I am the Forgiving, the Merciful,” (15:49) 00:00:30.780 --> 00:00:36.420 “And that My doom is the dolorous doom.” (15:50) 00:00:37.659 --> 00:00:39.899 Inform My servants, O Muhammad, 00:00:40.219 --> 00:00:44.659 That I am the One who conceals their sins if they repent from them, 00:00:45.020 --> 00:00:48.780 And that I am merciful toward them, such that I would not punish them after their repentance. 00:00:49.500 --> 00:00:54.340 Inform them also that My punishment, for those who persist in their disobedience, 00:00:54.659 --> 00:00:58.659 Is a painful torment, the likes of which no other torment resembles. 00:01:00.130 --> 00:01:04.849 “And tell them of Abraham's guests,” (15:51) 00:01:05.170 --> 00:01:09.049 When they entered upon him and said, "Peace." 00:01:09.409 --> 00:01:14.049 “(How) when they came in unto him, and said: Peace. He said: Lo! we are afraid of you.” (15:52) 00:01:14.450 --> 00:01:20.810 “They said: Be not afraid! Lo! we bring thee good tidings of a boy possessing wisdom.” (15:53) 00:01:22.370 --> 00:01:26.849 Inform My servants, O Muhammad, about the guests of Ibrahim (peace be upon him) from among the angels, 00:01:27.409 --> 00:01:30.810 Who entered upon Ibrahim, the Friend of the Most Merciful, 00:01:31.329 --> 00:01:35.489 When their Lord sent them to the people of Lut (peace be upon him) to destroy them. 00:01:36.239 --> 00:01:40.359 When they entered upon Ibrahim and said, "Peace." 00:01:40.920 --> 00:01:44.799 Ibrahim said, "Indeed, we are fearful of you." 00:01:45.480 --> 00:01:48.560 The guest said to Ibrahim, "Do not fear." 00:01:49.000 --> 00:01:51.840 “They said: Be not afraid! Lo! we bring thee good tidings of a boy possessing wisdom.” (15:53) 00:01:53.299 --> 00:02:00.700 “He said: Bring ye me good tidings (of a son) when old age hath overtaken me? Of what then can ye bring good tidings?” (15:54) 00:02:01.219 --> 00:02:08.300 “They said: We bring thee good tidings in truth. So be not thou of the despairing.” (15:55) 00:02:08.819 --> 00:02:18.379 “He said: And who despaireth of the mercy of his Lord save those who are astray?” (15:56) 00:02:19.819 --> 00:02:21.900 Ibrahim said to the angels, 00:02:22.460 --> 00:02:25.419 “He said: Bring ye me good tidings (of a son) when old age hath overtaken me? Of what then can ye bring good tidings?” (15:54) 00:02:26.060 --> 00:02:28.300 "With what do you bring good tidings?" 00:02:29.210 --> 00:02:31.090 The guest of Ibrahim said to him, 00:02:31.729 --> 00:02:33.969 "We bring you good tidings of a certain truth, 00:02:34.289 --> 00:02:38.810 And we have knowledge that Allah has granted you a knowledgeable boy." 00:02:39.250 --> 00:02:42.650 "So do not be among those who despair of the bounty of Allah, 00:02:42.930 --> 00:02:44.289 And lose hope in Him." 00:02:44.810 --> 00:02:47.569 "Rather, rejoice in what we have brought you." 00:02:47.969 --> 00:02:49.289 And before the good tidings, 00:02:50.009 --> 00:02:51.650 Ibrahim said to the guest, 00:02:52.250 --> 00:02:54.330 "And who despairs of the mercy of Allah 00:02:54.770 --> 00:02:58.210 Except those who have strayed from the path of righteousness?" 00:02:58.689 --> 00:03:01.169 And thus they have gone astray from the religion of Allah. 00:03:02.939 --> 00:03:07.620 He said, "What is your business, O messengers?" 00:03:08.099 --> 00:03:14.580 They said, "Indeed, we have been sent to a criminal people." 00:03:15.099 --> 00:03:21.099 “(All) save the family of Lot. Them we shall deliver every one,” (15:59) 00:03:21.539 --> 00:03:27.460 “Except his wife, of whom We had decreed that she should be of those who stay behind.” (15:60) 00:03:28.900 --> 00:03:30.979 Ibrahim said to the angels, 00:03:31.580 --> 00:03:33.819 "What is your command, O messengers?" 00:03:34.419 --> 00:03:36.139 The angels said to him, 00:03:36.699 --> 00:03:40.900 "We have been sent to a people who have acquired disbelief in Allah, 00:03:41.340 --> 00:03:45.139 Except for the followers of Lut, who remain upon the religion, 00:03:45.699 --> 00:03:47.460 For we shall not destroy them, 00:03:47.979 --> 00:03:49.939 But we will save them from the punishment, 00:03:50.500 --> 00:03:51.939 Except for the wife of Lut; 00:03:52.460 --> 00:03:55.740 Allah has decreed concerning her that she is among those who remain behind, 00:03:56.259 --> 00:03:58.379 And she will be destroyed thereafter." 00:04:00.039 --> 00:04:05.840 “And when the messengers came unto the family of Lot,” (15:61) 00:04:06.319 --> 00:04:11.560 “He said: Lo! ye are folk unknown (to me).” (15:62) 00:04:12.000 --> 00:04:17.319 “They said: Nay, but we bring thee that concerning which they keep disputing,” (15:63) 00:04:17.759 --> 00:04:24.120 “And bring thee the Truth, and lo! we are truth-tellers.” (15:64) 00:04:25.620 --> 00:04:28.620 So when the messengers of Allah came to the family of Lut, 00:04:29.100 --> 00:04:30.019 He said to them, 00:04:30.540 --> 00:04:33.699 "Indeed, we do not recognize you; we do not know who you are." 00:04:34.220 --> 00:04:35.699 The messengers said to him, 00:04:36.220 --> 00:04:37.740 "Rather, we are the messengers of Allah. 00:04:38.259 --> 00:04:45.899 We have come to you with that which your people were doubting would befall them of the punishment of Allah for their disbelief in Him, 00:04:46.459 --> 00:04:49.540 And we have come to you with the certain truth from Allah, 00:04:49.860 --> 00:04:51.060 Which is the punishment. 00:04:51.620 --> 00:04:55.459 And we are truthful in what we have informed you of, O Lut, 00:04:55.939 --> 00:04:58.180 That Allah is going to destroy your people. 00:04:59.779 --> 00:05:06.060 So set out with your family during a portion of the night and follow behind them." 00:05:06.579 --> 00:05:15.180 “So travel with thy household in a portion of the night, and follow thou their backs. Let none of you turn round, but go whither ye are commanded.” (15:65) 00:05:15.660 --> 00:05:25.379 We decreed to him that command: that these people would be cut off by the morning. 00:05:26.759 --> 00:05:29.639 So set out with your family during the remainder of the night, 00:05:30.160 --> 00:05:34.120 And follow, O Lut, behind your family whom you are taking out, 00:05:34.560 --> 00:05:36.079 And be behind them, 00:05:36.680 --> 00:05:38.759 And walk behind them while they are in front of you, 00:05:39.279 --> 00:05:42.160 And let not any among you look back, 00:05:42.680 --> 00:05:45.040 And proceed to where Allah commands you. 00:05:45.800 --> 00:05:48.600 We finished that matter for Lut, 00:05:49.240 --> 00:05:52.639 And We revealed that the last of your people and the first of them 00:05:53.040 --> 00:05:56.199 Would be cut off and eradicated by the morning of that night. 00:05:57.899 --> 00:06:03.220 “And the people of the city came, rejoicing at the news (of new arrivals).” (15:67) 00:06:03.779 --> 00:06:09.860 “He said: Lo! they are my guests. Affront me not!” (15:68) 00:06:10.420 --> 00:06:14.060 “And keep your duty to Allah, and shame me not!” (15:69) 00:06:15.610 --> 00:06:17.850 The people of the city of Sodom came, 00:06:18.170 --> 00:06:19.529 And they were the people of Lut, 00:06:20.089 --> 00:06:23.329 When they heard that guests had visited Lut, 00:06:23.810 --> 00:06:26.569 Rejoicing at their arrival in their city, 00:06:26.970 --> 00:06:29.649 Out of their greed to commit the immoral act. 00:06:30.329 --> 00:06:31.850 Lut said to his people, 00:06:32.490 --> 00:06:37.050 "Indeed, these people whom you have come to, desiring the immoral act from them, 00:06:37.449 --> 00:06:38.209 Are my guests, 00:06:38.769 --> 00:06:41.250 And it is a duty upon a man to honor his guest. 00:06:41.850 --> 00:06:44.970 So do not disgrace me, O people, regarding my guests, 00:06:45.490 --> 00:06:49.170 And honor me by refraining from harming them, 00:06:49.689 --> 00:06:54.329 And fear Allah regarding me and yourselves, lest His punishment befall you, 00:06:54.850 --> 00:06:58.050 And do not humiliate me or insult me regarding them." 00:06:59.790 --> 00:07:04.310 “They said; Have we not forbidden you from (entertaining) anyone?” (15:70) 00:07:04.790 --> 00:07:12.029 “He said: Here are my daughters, if ye must be doing (so).” (15:71) 00:07:13.600 --> 00:07:14.600 His people said, 00:07:15.160 --> 00:07:18.879 "Did we not forbid you from hosting anyone from the worlds?" 00:07:19.680 --> 00:07:21.199 Lut said to his people, 00:07:21.759 --> 00:07:24.120 "Marry women, and come to them, 00:07:24.560 --> 00:07:29.079 And do not do what Allah has forbidden you of approaching men. 00:07:29.600 --> 00:07:34.839 If you are going to do what I command you and follow my instruction." 00:07:36.459 --> 00:07:42.180 “By thy life (O Muhammad) they moved blindly in the frenzy of approaching death.” (15:72) 00:07:42.660 --> 00:07:46.740 So the blast seized them at sunrise. 00:07:47.259 --> 00:07:53.220 “And We utterly confounded them, and We rained upon them stones of heated clay.” (15:74) 00:07:53.699 --> 00:08:00.259 “And We utterly confounded them, and We rained upon them stones of heated clay.” (15:74) 00:08:01.959 --> 00:08:03.800 By your life, O Muhammad, 00:08:04.439 --> 00:08:06.120 That your people from Quraysh 00:08:06.519 --> 00:08:09.600 Are wandering blindly in their misguidance and ignorance. 00:08:10.160 --> 00:08:14.000 A thunderbolt of punishment seized them as the sun rose, 00:08:14.560 --> 00:08:17.279 And We made the highest part of their land its lowest, 00:08:17.839 --> 00:08:21.120 And We rained upon them stones of clay. 00:08:42.289 --> 00:08:44.850 Indeed, what We did to the people of Lut 00:08:45.169 --> 00:08:50.730 Are signs and indications for those who possess insight and take heed of the signs of Allah, 00:08:51.129 --> 00:08:55.529 And a lesson regarding the consequences of the affairs of those who disobey Him and disbelieve in Him. 00:08:56.169 --> 00:08:57.730 And this city, 00:08:58.009 --> 00:08:59.250 The city of Sodom, 00:08:59.730 --> 00:09:01.970 Is on a clear, established path, 00:09:02.370 --> 00:09:05.570 Seen by the traveler passing by it; it is not hidden. 00:09:06.169 --> 00:09:08.370 Indeed, in Our treatment of the people of Lut 00:09:08.809 --> 00:09:12.929 Is a clear sign and indication for those who believe in Allah, 00:09:13.330 --> 00:09:15.529 Of His retribution against the people of disbelief, 00:09:16.049 --> 00:09:19.210 And His salvation of the people of faith from His punishment. 00:09:34.899 --> 00:09:39.620 The companions of the thicket were also disbelievers in Allah, 00:09:40.139 --> 00:09:41.740 So We took retribution from them. 00:09:42.379 --> 00:09:45.860 And the city of the companions of the thicket and the city of Lut 00:09:46.419 --> 00:09:49.659 Are on a path that they follow in their travels, 00:09:50.100 --> 00:09:52.899 Which makes its straightness clear to those who follow it. 00:09:54.679 --> 00:09:59.840 “And the dwellers in Al-Hijr denied (Our) messengers.” (15:80) 00:10:00.200 --> 00:10:05.840 “And we gave them Our revelations, but they were averse to them.” (15:81) 00:10:06.159 --> 00:10:12.039 They used to carve houses out of the mountains, feeling secure. 00:10:12.440 --> 00:10:17.039 So the blast seized them in the morning. 00:10:17.519 --> 00:10:23.240 And what they used to earn did not avail them at all. 00:10:24.559 --> 00:10:27.879 And the inhabitants of al-Hijr denied the messengers, 00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:30.600 And they were Thamud, the people of Salih (peace be upon him). 00:10:31.320 --> 00:10:34.000 We showed them Our proofs and arguments 00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:38.600 Regarding the truth of what We sent Our messenger Salih to them with, 00:10:39.200 --> 00:10:41.720 But they were averse to Our signs, 00:10:42.120 --> 00:10:45.080 Neither taking heed of them nor being admonished. 00:10:45.799 --> 00:10:50.679 They used to carve houses out of the mountains, feeling secure from the punishment of Allah. 00:10:51.320 --> 00:10:57.960 It is said they felt secure from ruin, that their houses which they carved from the mountains would not be destroyed. 00:10:58.480 --> 00:11:01.480 And it is said they felt secure from death. 00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:05.480 So the blast of destruction seized them when they reached the morning. 00:11:05.960 --> 00:11:12.559 And what they used to commit of evil deeds before that did not avert the punishment of Allah from them. 00:11:14.279 --> 00:11:21.440 “We created not the heavens and the earth and all that is between them save with truth, and lo! the Hour is surely coming. So forgive, (O Muhammad), with a gracious forgiveness.” (15:85) 00:11:21.840 --> 00:11:26.159 And the Hour is surely coming. 00:11:26.600 --> 00:11:30.919 So forgive with gracious forgiveness. 00:11:31.360 --> 00:11:37.039 “Lo! Thy Lord! He is the All-Wise Creator.” (15:86) 00:11:38.440 --> 00:11:40.840 And We did not create all of creation, 00:11:41.320 --> 00:11:43.200 Its heavens and its earth, 00:11:43.600 --> 00:11:48.559 And what is between them, except with justice and fairness. 00:11:49.320 --> 00:11:55.480 And Allah, the Exalted, did not wrong any of the nations whose stories He recounted in this Surah. 00:11:56.039 --> 00:11:58.120 And the Hour is surely coming. 00:11:58.639 --> 00:12:02.200 So turn away from the polytheists of your people with gracious turning away, 00:12:02.519 --> 00:12:04.840 And pardon them with gracious pardon. 00:12:05.360 --> 00:12:09.159 Indeed, your Lord is the One who created them and created everything, 00:12:09.480 --> 00:12:12.440 And He is All-Knowing of them and their affairs. 00:12:13.899 --> 00:12:21.259 “We have given thee seven of the oft-repeated (verses) and the great Qur'an.” (15:87) 00:12:22.620 --> 00:12:25.139 And We have given you seven of the oft-repeated verses, 00:12:25.580 --> 00:12:28.340 Where some verses reinforce others, 00:12:28.940 --> 00:12:32.820 And some follow others with sections separating them. 00:12:33.500 --> 00:12:36.659 It is permissible that it was called "oft-repeated" (mathani), 00:12:37.100 --> 00:12:41.539 Because the stories and reports were repeated in it time after time. 00:12:42.139 --> 00:12:45.179 So We have given you seven verses from the Qur'an, 00:12:45.620 --> 00:12:48.580 And other than that from the rest of the Qur'an. 00:12:50.080 --> 00:12:57.679 Do not extend your eyes toward that by which We have given enjoyment to categories of them, 00:12:57.679 --> 00:13:06.639 And do not grieve over them, and lower your wing to the believers. 00:13:08.379 --> 00:13:13.299 Do not wish, O Muhammad, for what We have made of the adornment of this world, 00:13:13.740 --> 00:13:16.220 As an enjoyment for the wealthy among your people. 00:13:16.740 --> 00:13:20.299 “They alone ask leave of thee who believe not in Allah and the Last Day, and whose hearts feel doubt, so in their doubt they waver.” (9:45) 00:13:20.860 --> 00:13:24.419 And do not grieve over what they have been given to enjoy, for it was hastened for them, 00:13:24.940 --> 00:13:27.940 For you have in the Hereafter that which is better than it. 00:13:28.659 --> 00:13:33.379 And soften your side for those who believe in you, follow you, and follow your words, 00:13:33.820 --> 00:13:35.580 And do not be harsh toward them. 00:13:37.100 --> 00:13:42.820 “And say: Lo! I, even I, am a plain warner,” (15:89) 00:13:43.259 --> 00:13:49.500 “Such as We send down for those who make division,” (15:90) 00:13:49.980 --> 00:13:54.820 Those who have made the Qur'an into parts. 00:13:56.350 --> 00:13:58.470 And say, O Muhammad, to the polytheists, 00:13:59.149 --> 00:14:00.509 "Indeed, I am the warner, 00:14:01.190 --> 00:14:05.350 Who has made clear his warning to you of the affliction and punishment 00:14:05.350 --> 00:14:07.230 That may descend upon you from Allah, 00:14:07.710 --> 00:14:10.070 Because of your persistence in your error, 00:14:10.669 --> 00:14:14.629 Like that which Allah, the Exalted, sent down of affliction and punishment 00:14:15.149 --> 00:14:17.269 Upon those who divided the Book of Allah, 00:14:17.710 --> 00:14:20.269 By denying some of it and believing in some of it." 00:14:21.120 --> 00:14:24.120 And it is possible that those meant by the "dividers" 00:14:24.559 --> 00:14:25.799 Are the people of the two Books, 00:14:26.039 --> 00:14:27.799 The Torah and the Gospel, 00:14:28.279 --> 00:14:30.440 Because they divided the Book of Allah; 00:14:31.000 --> 00:14:35.200 The Jews affirmed some of the Torah and denied some of it, 00:14:35.720 --> 00:14:38.320 And they denied the Gospel and the Criterion (the Qur'an). 00:14:39.080 --> 00:14:41.799 And the Christians affirmed some of the Gospel, 00:14:42.320 --> 00:14:45.000 And denied some of it and the Criterion. 00:14:45.759 --> 00:14:50.120 And it is possible that those meant by that are the polytheists of Quraysh, 00:14:50.600 --> 00:14:52.679 Because they divided the Qur'an; 00:14:53.279 --> 00:14:56.679 They called some of it poetry, some of it sorcery, 00:14:57.080 --> 00:14:59.639 And some of it legends of the ancients. 00:15:00.399 --> 00:15:03.919 Those who divided the Qur'an and made it into parts. 00:15:04.639 --> 00:15:06.480 And their "biting" (mockery) of it 00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:09.279 Was their casting of falsehood upon the Qur'an, 00:15:09.960 --> 00:15:13.080 And their saying that it is poetry and magic, 00:15:13.559 --> 00:15:15.080 And what is similar to that. 00:15:16.940 --> 00:15:22.580 So by your Lord, We will surely question them all, 00:15:23.139 --> 00:15:27.500 About what they used to do. 00:15:28.100 --> 00:15:34.299 “So proclaim that which thou art commanded, and withdraw from the idolaters.” (15:94) 00:15:36.029 --> 00:15:41.549 So by your Lord, O Muhammad, We will surely question those who made the Qur'an into parts, 00:15:42.070 --> 00:15:46.070 About what they used to do in the world regarding what We commanded them, 00:15:46.590 --> 00:15:48.990 And regarding what We sent you with to them. 00:15:49.669 --> 00:15:53.070 So proceed and proclaim the Qur'an and convey it to them, 00:15:53.669 --> 00:15:57.470 And refrain from warring against the polytheists and fighting them. 00:15:59.309 --> 00:16:04.700 Indeed, We have sufficed you against the mockers. 00:16:05.179 --> 00:16:10.220 “Who set some other god along with Allah. But they will come to know.” (15:96) 00:16:10.779 --> 00:16:14.139 They will soon know. 00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:19.039 Indeed, We have sufficed you against the mockers, O Muhammad, 00:16:19.600 --> 00:16:22.639 Those who mock you and ridicule you, 00:16:23.320 --> 00:16:26.600 Those who associate a partner with Allah in His worship. 00:16:27.200 --> 00:16:30.240 They will soon know what they will encounter of the punishment of Allah 00:16:30.759 --> 00:16:33.080 When they return to Him on the Day of Resurrection, 00:16:33.639 --> 00:16:35.840 And what will befall them of affliction. 00:16:38.250 --> 00:16:45.850 “Well know We that thy bosom is oppressed by what they say,” (15:97) 00:16:46.370 --> 00:16:53.730 So exalt with the praise of your Lord and be among those who prostrate. 00:16:54.250 --> 00:17:01.690 And worship your Lord until the certainty comes to you. 00:17:03.649 --> 00:17:05.490 And We know, O Muhammad, 00:17:06.009 --> 00:17:10.250 That your chest is constricted by what these polytheists say, 00:17:10.809 --> 00:17:14.009 Of their denying you and mocking you, 00:17:14.529 --> 00:17:16.250 And that this distresses you. 00:17:16.990 --> 00:17:20.710 So seek refuge, regarding what befalls you of matters you dislike from them, 00:17:21.190 --> 00:17:24.470 In gratitude to Allah, praising Him, and prayer; 00:17:25.069 --> 00:17:28.069 Allah will suffice you against what concerns you of that. 00:17:28.670 --> 00:17:31.589 And worship your Lord until death comes to you, 00:17:31.990 --> 00:17:34.069 Which you are certain of. 00:17:34.069 --> 00:17:39.299 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.