WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Riyadh al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:14.060 Chapter: Sincere Counsel (Nasiha) 00:00:14.060 --> 00:00:17.719 Allah the Almighty says: 00:00:17.719 --> 00:00:20.719 ﴾The believers are but brothers.﴿ 00:00:20.719 --> 00:00:25.910 And He says, reporting the words of Nuh, peace be upon him: 00:00:25.910 --> 00:00:28.980 "And I offer you sincere counsel." 00:00:28.980 --> 00:00:31.980 And concerning Hud, peace be upon him: 00:00:31.980 --> 00:00:34.979 “I convey unto you the messages of my Lord and am for you a true adviser.” (7:68) 00:00:34.979 --> 00:00:38.350 On the authority of Abu Ruqayya, 00:00:38.350 --> 00:00:42.350 Tamim ibn Aws al-Dari, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:00:42.350 --> 00:00:46.350 that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 00:00:46.350 --> 00:00:48.350 "The religion is sincere counsel." 00:00:48.350 --> 00:00:50.450 We asked, "To whom?" 00:00:50.450 --> 00:00:51.450 He said: 00:00:51.450 --> 00:00:54.450 "To Allah, to His Book, to His Messenger, 00:00:54.450 --> 00:00:58.450 to the leaders of the Muslims, and to their common folk." 00:00:58.450 --> 00:01:00.509 Narrated by Muslim. 00:01:01.509 --> 00:01:04.659 The leaders of the Muslims: 00:01:04.659 --> 00:01:07.659 Meaning their rulers and those in authority over them. 00:01:07.659 --> 00:01:09.920 Their common folk: 00:01:09.920 --> 00:01:11.920 Meaning the rest of the Muslims. 00:01:11.920 --> 00:01:15.780 The intended meaning is the subjects. 00:01:15.780 --> 00:01:17.780 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:17.780 --> 00:01:20.939 The obligation of sincere counsel toward the Muslims. 00:01:20.939 --> 00:01:23.939 Because it is the pillar and foundation of the religion. 00:01:23.939 --> 00:01:26.230 Sincere counsel to Allah: 00:01:26.230 --> 00:01:29.230 Is achieved through the soundness of faith in Him, 00:01:29.230 --> 00:01:31.230 and sincerity in worshipping Him. 00:01:31.230 --> 00:01:34.489 Sincere counsel to the Book of Allah the Almighty: 00:01:34.489 --> 00:01:39.489 Is achieved through believing in it, committing to its recitation, and acting according to its rulings. 00:01:39.489 --> 00:01:43.579 Sincere counsel to the Messenger, peace be upon him: 00:01:43.579 --> 00:01:48.579 Is achieved through believing in his message and obeying his commands, 00:01:48.579 --> 00:01:51.579 and holding fast to his Sunnah and his law. 00:01:51.579 --> 00:01:54.870 Sincere counsel to the leaders of the Muslims: 00:01:54.870 --> 00:01:57.870 Is achieved by assisting them in the truth, 00:01:57.870 --> 00:01:59.870 obeying them in matters that are not sinful, 00:01:59.870 --> 00:02:02.870 correcting their deviations with kindness, 00:02:02.870 --> 00:02:05.870 and not rebelling against them. 00:02:05.870 --> 00:02:09.319 Sincere counsel to the common folk of the Muslims: 00:02:09.319 --> 00:02:14.319 Is achieved by guiding them to what is beneficial for their worldly life and their hereafter, 00:02:14.319 --> 00:02:18.319 enjoining good upon them, and forbidding them from evil. 00:02:18.319 --> 00:02:23.770 This hadith is a great foundation in Islam that encompasses every good. 00:02:23.770 --> 00:02:25.770 That is why the scholars said: 00:02:25.770 --> 00:02:29.770 This hadith is the axis upon which Islam turns. 00:02:29.770 --> 00:02:35.530 On the authority of Jarir ibn Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:02:35.530 --> 00:02:39.659 "I pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:02:39.659 --> 00:02:43.659 to establish prayer, to pay the zakat, 00:02:43.659 --> 00:02:46.659 and to offer sincere counsel to every Muslim." 00:02:46.659 --> 00:02:48.689 Agreed upon. 00:02:48.689 --> 00:02:52.319 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:52.319 --> 00:02:57.539 Sincere counsel and mutual advice among Muslims is a Prophetic covenant. 00:02:57.539 --> 00:03:00.539 He took from them a pledge to commit to it. 00:03:00.539 --> 00:03:04.539 And the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, pledged allegiance to that. 00:03:04.539 --> 00:03:09.270 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:03:09.270 --> 00:03:13.270 from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:03:13.270 --> 00:03:19.270 "None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." 00:03:19.270 --> 00:03:22.780 Agreed upon. 00:03:22.780 --> 00:03:28.000 "None of you truly believes," meaning he does not possess complete faith. 00:03:28.000 --> 00:03:30.000 "What he loves for himself," 00:03:30.000 --> 00:03:33.000 meaning the good that he loves for his own soul. 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:37.280 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:03:37.280 --> 00:03:39.280 A condition of complete faith 00:03:39.280 --> 00:03:48.599 is that a Muslim desires for other Muslims the same good and acts of obedience that he desires and craves for himself. 00:03:48.599 --> 00:03:51.599 Love is among the actions of the heart, 00:03:51.599 --> 00:03:55.599 which affects faith by increasing or decreasing it. 00:03:55.599 --> 00:03:58.889 All people of faith are brothers; 00:03:58.889 --> 00:04:01.889 the Divine methodology has united them. 00:04:01.889 --> 00:04:06.180 The Muslim community is an indivisible unit; 00:04:06.180 --> 00:04:10.180 faith unites them and love surrounds them. 00:04:10.180 --> 00:04:17.860 Chapter: Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil 00:04:17.860 --> 00:04:20.949 Allah the Almighty says: 00:04:20.949 --> 00:04:30.949 “And there may spring from you a nation who invite to goodness, and enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency. Such are they who are successful.” (3:104) 00:04:30.949 --> 00:04:33.949 ﴾And it is they who are the successful.﴿ 00:04:33.949 --> 00:04:36.019 And He says: 00:04:36.019 --> 00:04:40.240 “Ye are the best community that hath been raised up for mankind. Ye enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency; and ye believe in Allah. And if the People of the Scripture had believed it had been better for them. Some of them are believers; but most of them are evil-livers.” (3:110) 00:04:40.240 --> 00:04:45.240 “Ye are the best community that hath been raised up for mankind. Ye enjoin right conduct and forbid indecency; and ye believe in Allah. And if the People of the Scripture had believed it had been better for them. Some of them are believers; but most of them are evil-livers.” (3:110) 00:04:45.240 --> 00:04:47.269 And He says: 00:04:47.269 --> 00:04:52.269 ﴾Take what is given freely, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the ignorant.﴿ 00:04:52.269 --> 00:04:54.370 And He says: 00:04:54.370 --> 00:04:59.370 “And the believers, men and women, are protecting friends one of another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, and they establish worship and they pay the poor-due, and they obey Allah and His messenger. As for these, Allah will have mercy on them. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Wise.” (9:71) 00:04:59.370 --> 00:05:04.399 ﴾They enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil.﴿ 00:05:04.399 --> 00:05:06.459 And He says: 00:05:06.459 --> 00:05:14.459 “Those of the Children of Israel who went astray were cursed by the tongue of David, and of Jesus, son of Mary. That was because they rebelled and used to transgress.” (5:78) 00:05:14.459 --> 00:05:18.459 ﴾That was because they disobeyed and were transgressors.﴿ 00:05:18.459 --> 00:05:23.459 “They restrained not one another from the wickedness they did. Verily evil was that they used to do!” (5:79) 00:05:23.459 --> 00:05:26.459 “They restrained not one another from the wickedness they did. Verily evil was that they used to do!” (5:79) 00:05:26.459 --> 00:05:28.589 And He says: 00:05:28.589 --> 00:05:31.589 “Say: (It is) the truth from the Lord of you (all). Then whosoever will, let him believe, and whosoever will, let him disbelieve. Lo! We have prepared for disbelievers Fire. Its tent encloseth them. If they ask for showers, they will be showered with water like to molten lead which burneth the faces. Calamitous the drink and ill the resting-place!” (18:29) 00:05:31.589 --> 00:05:37.589 ﴾So let whoever wills believe and whoever wills disbelieve.﴿ 00:05:37.589 --> 00:05:39.660 And He says: 00:05:39.660 --> 00:05:42.660 ﴾Then declare what you are commanded.﴿ 00:05:42.660 --> 00:05:44.660 And He says: 00:05:44.660 --> 00:05:48.720 ﴾We saved those who forbade evil.﴿ 00:05:48.720 --> 00:05:55.720 “And when they forgot that whereof they had been reminded, We rescued those who forbade wrong, and visited those who did wrong with dreadful punishment because they were evil-livers.” (7:165) 00:05:55.720 --> 00:05:59.910 The verses in this chapter are many and well-known. 00:05:59.910 --> 00:06:05.610 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:06:05.610 --> 00:06:10.610 I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: 00:06:10.610 --> 00:06:15.610 "Whoever among you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; 00:06:15.610 --> 00:06:18.639 if he cannot, then with his tongue; 00:06:18.639 --> 00:06:21.639 if he cannot, then with his heart, 00:06:21.639 --> 00:06:24.639 and that is the weakest of faith." 00:06:24.639 --> 00:06:26.699 Narrated by Muslim. 00:06:27.699 --> 00:06:31.629 "Sees," meaning knows. 00:06:31.629 --> 00:06:33.629 "The weakest of faith," 00:06:33.629 --> 00:06:35.629 meaning the least of it in terms of fruit. 00:06:35.629 --> 00:06:39.459 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:06:39.459 --> 00:06:43.459 The obligation to change evil by every possible means. 00:06:43.459 --> 00:06:47.779 Enjoining good and forbidding evil 00:06:47.779 --> 00:06:51.779 is the responsibility of every individual in the Ummah of Islam, 00:06:51.779 --> 00:06:53.779 each according to his capacity. 00:06:53.779 --> 00:06:57.040 It contains an explanation of the levels of changing evil. 00:06:57.040 --> 00:06:59.040 First: 00:06:59.040 --> 00:07:02.040 Denouncing it with the hand and the tongue, 00:07:02.040 --> 00:07:06.199 which is only obligatory according to one's ability and power. 00:07:06.199 --> 00:07:07.199 Second: 00:07:07.199 --> 00:07:09.199 Denouncing it with the heart, 00:07:09.199 --> 00:07:13.199 which is an obligation upon every Muslim in every situation. 00:07:13.199 --> 00:07:16.199 For if he does not denounce the evil in his heart, 00:07:16.199 --> 00:07:20.199 it indicates the departure of faith from him. 00:07:20.199 --> 00:07:25.459 It is evidence that actions are included in faith. 00:07:25.459 --> 00:07:29.839 Islam’s concern with combating evils, 00:07:29.839 --> 00:07:32.839 because they are diseases that destroy the Ummah 00:07:32.839 --> 00:07:38.060 if left without removal or denunciation. 00:07:38.060 --> 00:07:41.060 On the authority of Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:07:41.060 --> 00:07:45.060 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:07:45.060 --> 00:07:50.180 "There was no prophet sent by Allah to a nation before me 00:07:50.180 --> 00:07:55.180 but he had disciples and companions from his nation 00:07:55.180 --> 00:07:59.379 who followed his Sunnah and obeyed his command. 00:07:59.379 --> 00:08:02.379 Then, successors came after them 00:08:02.379 --> 00:08:05.379 “And how they say that which they do not?” (26:226) 00:08:05.379 --> 00:08:08.379 who did what they were not commanded to do. 00:08:08.379 --> 00:08:12.379 Whoever strives against them with his hand is a believer; 00:08:12.379 --> 00:08:16.379 whoever strives against them with his heart is a believer; 00:08:16.379 --> 00:08:20.379 whoever strives against them with his tongue is a believer; 00:08:20.379 --> 00:08:24.379 and beyond that, there is not even a mustard seed of faith." 00:08:24.379 --> 00:08:26.500 Narrated by Muslim. 00:08:26.500 --> 00:08:32.399 "Disciples" (Hawariyyun), meaning the prophets' closest and purest followers, 00:08:32.399 --> 00:08:35.399 and their striving supporters. 00:08:35.399 --> 00:08:39.690 "Successors" (Khuluf), plural of khalaf with a sukun on the lam, 00:08:39.690 --> 00:08:42.690 which refers to those who follow in evil. 00:08:42.690 --> 00:08:47.690 As for khalaf with a fatha on the lam, it refers to those who follow in good. 00:08:47.690 --> 00:08:51.850 "A mustard seed" is a well-known small seed, 00:08:51.850 --> 00:08:55.850 used as a metaphor for the ultimate in smallness. 00:08:55.850 --> 00:08:59.620 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:59.620 --> 00:09:06.779 That Allah, glory be to Him, facilitates for the prophets those who will carry their message after them. 00:09:06.779 --> 00:09:10.129 Whoever from the Ummah desires salvation, 00:09:10.129 --> 00:09:14.129 must follow the path of the prophets in calling to Allah, 00:09:14.129 --> 00:09:19.129 because every path other than theirs is destruction and misguidance. 00:09:19.129 --> 00:09:25.419 The exhortation to strive against those who violate the law with their words and deeds. 00:09:25.419 --> 00:09:29.769 The best of people after the prophets are their companions, 00:09:29.769 --> 00:09:33.769 then those who follow them, then those who follow them. 00:09:33.769 --> 00:09:38.019 Whenever the era becomes distant from the Prophet and his companions, 00:09:38.019 --> 00:09:43.019 people abandon the Sunnah, follow desires, and introduce innovations. 00:09:43.019 --> 00:09:47.570 There are those in the Ummah who belong to it by their words, 00:09:47.570 --> 00:09:51.570 but their actions contradict their words and invalidate their claims. 00:09:51.570 --> 00:09:55.919 It is forbidden for a person to say what he does not do, 00:09:55.919 --> 00:09:59.139 or to do what he was not commanded to do. 00:09:59.139 --> 00:10:04.139 The heart's failure to denounce evil is evidence of the departure of faith from it, 00:10:04.139 --> 00:10:08.139 as Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 00:10:08.139 --> 00:10:13.139 "Ruined is he who does not recognize good and evil with his heart." 00:10:13.139 --> 00:10:20.230 On the authority of Abu al-Walid 'Ubada ibn al-Samit, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:10:20.230 --> 00:10:26.230 "We pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, to hear and obey 00:10:26.230 --> 00:10:30.230 in times of ease and hardship, and in times of willingness and reluctance, 00:10:30.230 --> 00:10:36.230 and to accept being passed over, and not to dispute the authority of those in charge, 00:10:36.230 --> 00:10:39.230 unless you see clear disbelief 00:10:39.230 --> 00:10:43.230 for which you have proof from Allah the Almighty." 00:10:43.230 --> 00:10:46.230 And we pledged to speak the truth wherever we are, 00:10:46.230 --> 00:10:50.230 fearing no one’s blame for the sake of Allah. 00:10:50.230 --> 00:10:52.299 Agreed upon. 00:10:52.299 --> 00:10:54.679 "Willingness and reluctance," 00:10:54.679 --> 00:10:56.679 meaning in easy and difficult times. 00:10:56.679 --> 00:10:58.870 "Being passed over" (al-athara), 00:10:58.870 --> 00:11:00.870 meaning the appropriation of shared rights. 00:11:00.870 --> 00:11:02.870 Its explanation has already been provided. 00:11:02.870 --> 00:11:05.159 "Clear" (bawwah), 00:11:05.159 --> 00:11:09.159 meaning manifest, not admitting any interpretation. 00:11:09.159 --> 00:11:11.090 "We pledged allegiance," 00:11:11.090 --> 00:11:13.090 meaning we made a covenant. 00:11:13.090 --> 00:11:15.149 "To hear and obey," 00:11:15.149 --> 00:11:19.149 meaning that we hear and obey those in authority. 00:11:19.149 --> 00:11:22.779 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:11:22.779 --> 00:11:29.139 Legitimate allegiance is only to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:11:29.139 --> 00:11:32.139 or the supreme leader of the Muslims, 00:11:32.139 --> 00:11:34.139 who implements the rulings of Allah. 00:11:34.139 --> 00:11:37.419 Allegiance to the supreme leader 00:11:37.419 --> 00:11:40.419 is only in the obedience of Allah. 00:11:40.419 --> 00:11:42.779 Obedience to the supreme leader in what is good 00:11:43.779 --> 00:11:47.779 is mandatory in times of willingness, reluctance, ease, and hardship, 00:11:47.779 --> 00:11:51.220 even if he acts selfishly. 00:11:51.220 --> 00:11:55.220 The fruit of obedience in all that is mentioned in the hadith 00:11:55.220 --> 00:11:57.220 is the unity of the Muslims' word, 00:11:57.220 --> 00:12:00.220 and the casting aside of discord from their ranks. 00:12:00.220 --> 00:12:04.610 The prohibition of rebelling against those in authority and fighting them, 00:12:04.610 --> 00:12:06.610 even if they are sinners, 00:12:06.610 --> 00:12:08.610 because in rebelling against them 00:12:08.610 --> 00:12:10.610 there is a greater harm than their sinfulness. 00:12:10.610 --> 00:12:13.610 Therefore, the lesser of the two evils is chosen. 00:12:13.610 --> 00:12:17.059 Not disputing those in authority 00:12:17.059 --> 00:12:20.059 unless manifest, certain disbelief appears from them, 00:12:20.059 --> 00:12:23.059 at which point it becomes obligatory to denounce them 00:12:23.059 --> 00:12:25.059 and to stand up for the truth. 00:12:25.059 --> 00:12:28.730 The believer may be exposed to harm and hardship 00:12:28.730 --> 00:12:31.730 because of declaring the word of truth, 00:12:31.730 --> 00:12:35.730 and this makes his action one of the greatest forms of jihad, 00:12:35.730 --> 00:12:38.730 as long as he fears no one but Allah the Almighty. 00:12:39.730 --> 00:12:45.200 On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:12:45.200 --> 00:12:49.200 from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:12:49.200 --> 00:12:53.200 "The example of the one who upholds the limits of Allah and the one who falls into them 00:12:53.200 --> 00:12:57.200 is like a people who drew lots for places on a ship; 00:12:57.200 --> 00:13:01.200 Some of them were on the upper deck, while others were on the lower deck. 00:13:01.200 --> 00:13:04.259 Those who were on the lower deck, 00:13:04.259 --> 00:13:06.259 whenever they needed to draw water, 00:13:06.259 --> 00:13:08.259 had to pass by those above them. 00:13:08.259 --> 00:13:10.259 So they said, 00:13:10.259 --> 00:13:13.259 "If only we were to make a hole in our portion, 00:13:13.259 --> 00:13:15.259 we would not disturb those above us." 00:13:15.259 --> 00:13:18.330 If they were to leave them to do what they intended, 00:13:18.330 --> 00:13:20.330 they would all perish. 00:13:20.330 --> 00:13:23.330 But if they were to restrain their hands, they would be saved, 00:13:23.330 --> 00:13:25.330 and all of them would be saved. 00:13:25.330 --> 00:13:27.360 Narrated by Al-Bukhari. 00:13:27.360 --> 00:13:30.940 "The one who upholds the limits of Allah the Exalted," 00:13:30.940 --> 00:13:33.940 means the one who rejects the forbidden act, 00:13:33.940 --> 00:13:36.940 and stands firm in preventing and removing it. 00:13:37.940 --> 00:13:39.970 The intended meaning of "the limits" 00:13:39.970 --> 00:13:41.970 is what Allah has forbidden. 00:13:41.970 --> 00:13:45.159 "They drew lots" means they cast lots. 00:13:45.159 --> 00:13:48.629 "The one who falls into it," 00:13:48.629 --> 00:13:50.629 meaning the one who commits the forbidden act. 00:13:50.629 --> 00:13:52.789 "Above them," 00:13:52.789 --> 00:13:55.049 meaning the upper part of the ship. 00:13:55.049 --> 00:13:56.049 "We make a hole," 00:13:56.049 --> 00:13:58.049 meaning we open an aperture. 00:13:58.049 --> 00:14:00.049 To draw water from it. 00:14:00.049 --> 00:14:02.269 "They restrained their hands," 00:14:02.269 --> 00:14:04.269 meaning they prevented and stopped them, 00:14:04.269 --> 00:14:07.269 from the hole they intended to make. 00:14:09.419 --> 00:14:11.419 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:14:11.419 --> 00:14:14.549 The use of realistic, tangible parables. 00:14:14.549 --> 00:14:18.549 It helps in understanding abstract concepts, 00:14:18.549 --> 00:14:20.549 and renders them as vivid images, 00:14:20.549 --> 00:14:22.549 that become firmly established in the mind. 00:14:22.549 --> 00:14:24.809 The punishment for abandoning the duty of forbidding evil, 00:14:24.809 --> 00:14:27.809 does not affect only the one who abandons it, 00:14:27.809 --> 00:14:30.809 but rather the entire society. 00:14:30.809 --> 00:14:33.809 For the general public may be punished for the sins of the few, 00:14:33.809 --> 00:14:36.809 if evil is not denounced. 00:14:36.809 --> 00:14:41.190 The destruction of society is a consequence of leaving those who commit evil, 00:14:41.190 --> 00:14:44.190 to spread corruption throughout the land. 00:14:44.190 --> 00:14:48.509 Every evil act that a person commits in their society, 00:14:48.509 --> 00:14:53.899 is a dangerous breach in the safety of that society. 00:14:53.899 --> 00:14:58.899 A person's freedom is restricted by the need to guarantee the rights of those around them, 00:14:58.899 --> 00:15:00.899 and to safeguard their interests. 00:15:00.899 --> 00:15:05.340 Some people may act in ways that harm society, 00:15:05.340 --> 00:15:09.340 driven by misguided judgment and good intentions. 00:15:09.340 --> 00:15:14.340 Therefore, they must be stopped and made aware of the consequences of their actions. 00:15:14.340 --> 00:15:17.789 Enjoining good and forbidding evil, 00:15:17.789 --> 00:15:23.789 is a safety valve for societies against the wrath and punishment of Allah the Exalted. 00:15:23.789 --> 00:15:28.139 Responsibility in the Muslim society is shared, 00:15:28.139 --> 00:15:30.139 and is not assigned to any single individual. 00:15:30.139 --> 00:15:34.139 Rather, everyone is a guardian and is responsible for those under their care. 00:15:34.139 --> 00:15:38.399 It is permissible to divide property of varying quality by drawing lots, 00:15:38.399 --> 00:15:41.399 if it consists of upper and lower levels. 00:15:41.399 --> 00:15:45.779 The owner of the upper level has the right to prevent the owner of the lower level, 00:15:45.779 --> 00:15:49.230 from causing damage to the property. 00:15:49.230 --> 00:15:54.230 The owner of the lower level is not permitted to do anything that causes harm to the owner of the upper level. 00:15:54.230 --> 00:15:59.100 If they do so, they are obligated to repair it. 00:15:59.100 --> 00:16:03.100 Riyad al-Salihin.