1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,540 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,540 --> 00:00:06,459 The Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,459 --> 00:00:09,660 for Human Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,660 --> 00:00:11,900 presents 5 00:00:11,900 --> 00:00:15,980 The Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:15,980 --> 00:00:21,019 Chapter: The Increase and Decrease of Faith. 7 00:00:21,019 --> 00:00:23,019 On the authority of Anas, 8 00:00:23,019 --> 00:00:26,699 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 9 00:00:26,699 --> 00:00:31,440 "Allah will gather the believers on the Day of Resurrection in such a state, 10 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:33,439 and they will say: 11 00:00:33,439 --> 00:00:36,320 'If only we sought someone to intercede for us with our Lord, 12 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:40,079 so that He might relieve us from this station of ours!' 13 00:00:40,079 --> 00:00:42,079 So they will go to Adam 14 00:00:42,079 --> 00:00:43,679 and say: 15 00:00:43,679 --> 00:00:45,359 'O Adam! 16 00:00:45,359 --> 00:00:47,359 Do you not see the state of the people? 17 00:00:47,359 --> 00:00:49,759 Allah created you with His Hand, 18 00:00:49,759 --> 00:00:52,479 made His angels prostrate to you, 19 00:00:52,479 --> 00:00:55,600 and taught you the names of all things. 20 00:00:55,630 --> 00:00:58,429 Intercede for us with our Lord, 21 00:00:58,509 --> 00:01:02,689 so that He might relieve us from this station of ours!' 22 00:01:02,689 --> 00:01:04,049 But he will reply: 23 00:01:04,049 --> 00:01:05,890 'I am not fit for that,' 24 00:01:05,890 --> 00:01:10,099 and he will mention to them the mistake he committed. 25 00:01:10,099 --> 00:01:11,700 In another narration: 26 00:01:11,700 --> 00:01:15,200 'He will mention his sin and feel ashamed.' 27 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:17,840 'Rather, go to Noah, 28 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:22,980 for he is the first messenger Allah sent to the people of the earth.' 29 00:01:22,980 --> 00:01:25,060 So they will go to Noah, 30 00:01:25,060 --> 00:01:26,579 but he will reply: 31 00:01:26,579 --> 00:01:28,739 'I am not fit for that,' 32 00:01:28,739 --> 00:01:32,260 and he will mention the mistake he committed. 33 00:01:32,260 --> 00:01:33,939 In another narration: 34 00:01:33,939 --> 00:01:38,420 'He will mention his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge, 35 00:01:38,420 --> 00:01:40,400 and he will feel ashamed.' 36 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:44,780 'Rather, go to Abraham, the Intimate Friend of the Most Merciful.' 37 00:01:44,780 --> 00:01:47,019 So they will go to Abraham, 38 00:01:47,019 --> 00:01:48,459 but he will reply: 39 00:01:48,459 --> 00:01:50,620 'I am not fit for that,' 40 00:01:50,620 --> 00:01:54,879 and he will mention to them the mistakes he committed. 41 00:01:54,879 --> 00:01:56,480 In another narration: 42 00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:00,659 'He will mention three statements he made that were not literally true.' 43 00:02:00,659 --> 00:02:03,060 'Rather, go to Moses, 44 00:02:03,060 --> 00:02:06,340 a servant to whom Allah gave the Torah 45 00:02:06,340 --> 00:02:09,419 and with whom He spoke directly.' 46 00:02:09,419 --> 00:02:11,099 So they will go to Moses, 47 00:02:11,099 --> 00:02:12,460 but he will reply: 48 00:02:12,460 --> 00:02:14,620 'I am not fit for that,' 49 00:02:14,620 --> 00:02:18,930 and he will mention to them the mistake he committed. 50 00:02:18,930 --> 00:02:20,370 In another narration: 51 00:02:20,370 --> 00:02:23,569 'He will mention his killing a soul without judicial right, 52 00:02:23,569 --> 00:02:26,379 and he will feel ashamed before his Lord.' 53 00:02:26,379 --> 00:02:30,780 'Rather, go to Jesus, the servant of Allah and His messenger, 54 00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:33,580 and His Word and a spirit from Him.' 55 00:02:33,580 --> 00:02:35,580 So they will go to Jesus, 56 00:02:35,580 --> 00:02:36,860 but he will reply: 57 00:02:36,860 --> 00:02:39,020 'I am not fit for that.' 58 00:02:39,020 --> 00:02:43,580 'Rather, go to Muhammad (peace be upon him), 59 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:49,409 a servant whose past and future sins Allah has forgiven.' 60 00:02:49,409 --> 00:02:51,009 Then they will come to me, 61 00:02:51,009 --> 00:02:52,449 so I will set out 62 00:02:52,449 --> 00:02:54,770 and ask permission to enter upon my Lord, 63 00:02:54,849 --> 00:02:57,090 and permission will be granted to me. 64 00:02:57,090 --> 00:02:59,169 When I see my Lord, 65 00:02:59,169 --> 00:03:02,110 I will fall down in prostration before Him, 66 00:03:02,110 --> 00:03:05,949 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me. 67 00:03:05,949 --> 00:03:07,870 Then it will be said to me: 68 00:03:07,870 --> 00:03:09,870 'Raise your head, O Muhammad! 69 00:03:09,870 --> 00:03:11,629 Speak, and you will be heard; 70 00:03:11,629 --> 00:03:13,469 ask, and it will be granted to you; 71 00:03:13,469 --> 00:03:16,080 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.' 72 00:03:16,080 --> 00:03:20,080 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that He will teach me, 73 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:21,919 and then I will intercede. 74 00:03:21,919 --> 00:03:24,319 He will set a limit for me, 75 00:03:24,319 --> 00:03:26,800 and I will admit them into Paradise. 76 00:03:26,800 --> 00:03:28,560 Then I will return, 77 00:03:28,560 --> 00:03:30,560 and when I see my Lord, 78 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:32,909 I will fall down in prostration, 79 00:03:32,909 --> 00:03:36,669 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me. 80 00:03:36,669 --> 00:03:38,430 Then it will be said: 81 00:03:38,430 --> 00:03:40,430 'Raise your head, O Muhammad! 82 00:03:40,430 --> 00:03:42,189 Speak, and you will be heard; 83 00:03:42,189 --> 00:03:44,030 ask, and it will be granted to you; 84 00:03:44,030 --> 00:03:46,800 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.' 85 00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:51,280 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that my Lord will teach me, 86 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:53,280 and then I will intercede. 87 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:55,360 He will set a limit for me, 88 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:57,360 and I will admit them into Paradise. 89 00:03:57,360 --> 00:03:59,360 Then I will return, 90 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:01,389 and when I see my Lord, 91 00:04:01,389 --> 00:04:03,389 I will fall down in prostration, 92 00:04:03,389 --> 00:04:07,419 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me. 93 00:04:07,419 --> 00:04:09,419 Then it will be said: 94 00:04:09,419 --> 00:04:11,419 'Raise your head, O Muhammad! 95 00:04:11,419 --> 00:04:13,419 Speak, and you will be heard; 96 00:04:13,419 --> 00:04:15,419 ask, and it will be granted to you; 97 00:04:15,419 --> 00:04:17,420 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.' 98 00:04:17,420 --> 00:04:21,579 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that He will teach me, 99 00:04:21,660 --> 00:04:23,660 and then I will intercede. 100 00:04:23,660 --> 00:04:25,730 He will set a limit for me, 101 00:04:25,730 --> 00:04:27,730 and I will admit them into Paradise. 102 00:04:27,730 --> 00:04:29,790 Then I will return 103 00:04:29,790 --> 00:04:31,790 and say: 104 00:04:31,790 --> 00:04:33,790 'O Lord, no one remains in the Fire 105 00:04:33,790 --> 00:04:35,790 except those whom the Qur'an has detained, 106 00:04:35,790 --> 00:04:39,790 and for whom eternity therein has become mandatory.'" 107 00:04:39,790 --> 00:04:44,079 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 108 00:04:44,079 --> 00:04:46,079 "There will be brought out of the Fire whoever said: 109 00:04:46,079 --> 00:04:48,079 'There is no god but Allah,' 110 00:04:48,079 --> 00:04:50,079 while having in his heart of goodness 111 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:52,160 that which equals the weight of a barley grain. 112 00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:54,480 Then there will be brought out of the Fire whoever said: 113 00:04:54,480 --> 00:04:56,480 'There is no god but Allah,' 114 00:04:56,480 --> 00:04:58,480 while having in his heart of goodness 115 00:04:58,480 --> 00:05:00,480 that which equals the weight of a wheat grain. 116 00:05:00,480 --> 00:05:02,480 Then there will be brought out of the Fire whoever said: 117 00:05:02,480 --> 00:05:04,860 'There is no god but Allah,' 118 00:05:04,860 --> 00:05:06,860 while having in his heart of goodness that which equals the weight of an atom." 119 00:05:10,860 --> 00:05:12,860 In another narration, 120 00:05:12,860 --> 00:05:15,220 he said: 121 00:05:15,220 --> 00:05:17,220 Then he recited this verse: 122 00:05:17,220 --> 00:05:19,220 "It may be that your Lord will raise you to a praised station." 123 00:05:19,220 --> 00:05:25,279 “And some part of the night awake for it, a largess for thee. It may be that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised estate.” (17:79) 124 00:05:25,279 --> 00:05:33,279 He said: "This is the Praised Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud) that was promised to your Prophet (peace be upon him)." 125 00:05:33,279 --> 00:05:36,949 Commentary on the hadith: 126 00:05:36,949 --> 00:05:40,689 "If only we sought someone to intercede for us with our Lord," 127 00:05:40,689 --> 00:05:43,689 meaning: if only we sought an intercessor to plead our case, 128 00:05:43,689 --> 00:05:47,009 "so that He might relieve us from this station of ours," 129 00:05:47,009 --> 00:05:51,009 meaning: so that He might deliver us from the standing place and its terrors and tribulations, 130 00:05:51,009 --> 00:05:54,009 and judge between the servants. 131 00:05:54,009 --> 00:05:57,300 "And taught you the names of all things," 132 00:05:57,300 --> 00:06:00,300 meaning: even the large serving dish and the small bowl. 133 00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:02,740 "Intercede for us," 134 00:06:02,740 --> 00:06:05,740 meaning: plead our case before our Lord. 135 00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:07,970 "I am not fit for that," 136 00:06:07,970 --> 00:06:10,970 meaning: I do not possess that distinct rank and standing. 137 00:06:10,970 --> 00:06:14,220 "The mistake he committed," 138 00:06:14,220 --> 00:06:19,220 which was Adam's (peace be upon him) approaching the tree and eating from it. 139 00:06:19,220 --> 00:06:22,540 "I am not fit for that," 140 00:06:22,540 --> 00:06:25,540 meaning: I do not possess this exalted station. 141 00:06:25,540 --> 00:06:28,769 "And he will mention the mistake he committed," 142 00:06:28,769 --> 00:06:34,769 Noah (peace be upon him) mentions his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge, 143 00:06:34,769 --> 00:06:36,769 which is his saying: 144 00:06:36,769 --> 00:06:41,769 “And Noah said: My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land.” (71:26) 145 00:06:41,769 --> 00:06:46,060 "And he will mention to them the mistakes he committed," 146 00:06:46,060 --> 00:06:50,060 meaning: Abraham (peace be upon him) mentions his three equivocal statements: 147 00:06:50,060 --> 00:06:52,060 namely, his saying, 148 00:06:52,060 --> 00:06:54,060 "Rather, this biggest one of them did it," 149 00:06:54,060 --> 00:06:56,060 regarding the smashing of the idols; 150 00:06:56,060 --> 00:06:58,060 and his saying to his wife, 151 00:06:58,060 --> 00:07:00,060 "I am your brother"; 152 00:07:00,060 --> 00:07:01,060 and his saying, 153 00:07:01,060 --> 00:07:03,060 "Indeed, I am sick." 154 00:07:03,060 --> 00:07:07,569 "And he will mention to them the mistake he committed," 155 00:07:07,569 --> 00:07:11,569 meaning: Moses (peace be upon him) mentions his killing of the Copt. 156 00:07:11,569 --> 00:07:13,819 "And His Word," 157 00:07:13,819 --> 00:07:16,819 meaning: a word that Allah spoke, 158 00:07:16,819 --> 00:07:18,819 by which Jesus came into being; 159 00:07:18,819 --> 00:07:20,819 he was not that word itself, 160 00:07:20,819 --> 00:07:22,819 but rather came to be through it. 161 00:07:22,819 --> 00:07:24,920 "And a spirit from Him," 162 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:27,920 meaning: one of the spirits that He created and perfected 163 00:07:27,920 --> 00:07:31,920 with noble attributes and consummate character. 164 00:07:31,920 --> 00:07:34,209 "I will fall down in prostration before Him," 165 00:07:34,209 --> 00:07:39,209 meaning: he (peace be upon him) will drop down prostrating. 166 00:07:39,209 --> 00:07:43,589 "And He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me," 167 00:07:43,589 --> 00:07:48,589 meaning: Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, will leave him in prostration for as long as He decrees. 168 00:07:48,589 --> 00:07:50,910 "He will set a limit for me," 169 00:07:50,910 --> 00:07:56,910 meaning: He will specify for me in each stage of intercession a defined group, 170 00:07:56,910 --> 00:07:59,910 at which I must stop and not exceed. 171 00:07:59,910 --> 00:08:04,170 "No one remains in the Fire except those whom the Qur'an has detained," 172 00:08:04,170 --> 00:08:08,170 meaning: those whom the Qur'an has informed will abide therein eternally. 173 00:08:08,170 --> 00:08:12,170 "Of goodness," meaning: of faith. 174 00:08:12,170 --> 00:08:14,170 "Equals the weight of a barley grain": 175 00:08:14,170 --> 00:08:17,170 barley is the well-known grain. 176 00:08:17,170 --> 00:08:19,420 "Equals the weight of a wheat grain," 177 00:08:19,420 --> 00:08:21,680 meaning: a single grain of wheat. 178 00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:22,680 "An atom (dharrah)," 179 00:08:22,680 --> 00:08:25,680 meaning: the smallest measurable entity; 180 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:26,680 and it has been said: 181 00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:30,680 the fine dust particles visible in a beam of sunlight, 182 00:08:30,680 --> 00:08:32,679 akin to the tips of needles. 183 00:08:36,990 --> 00:08:37,990 First: 184 00:08:37,990 --> 00:08:43,090 faith increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience. 185 00:08:43,090 --> 00:08:44,090 Second: 186 00:08:44,090 --> 00:08:48,309 affirming the divine attribute of the Hand for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 187 00:08:48,309 --> 00:08:49,309 Third: 188 00:08:49,309 --> 00:08:53,570 affirming the attribute of knowledge for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 189 00:08:53,570 --> 00:08:54,570 Fourth: 190 00:08:54,570 --> 00:09:00,570 the prophets possess special distinctions with which Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, uniquely favored them; 191 00:09:00,570 --> 00:09:04,570 Adam (peace be upon him) was singled out by the angels prostrating to him, 192 00:09:04,570 --> 00:09:07,789 among other special distinctions. 193 00:09:07,789 --> 00:09:08,789 Fifth: 194 00:09:08,789 --> 00:09:15,789 Noah (peace be upon him) was made the first messenger among those He sent after the Flood. 195 00:09:15,789 --> 00:09:17,950 Sixth: 196 00:09:17,950 --> 00:09:21,950 taking Abraham (peace be upon him) as an Intimate Friend. 197 00:09:21,950 --> 00:09:23,049 Seventh: 198 00:09:23,049 --> 00:09:27,049 Allah speaking directly to Moses (peace be upon him). 199 00:09:27,049 --> 00:09:29,240 Eighth: 200 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:33,429 affirming the divine attribute of speech for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 201 00:09:33,429 --> 00:09:34,429 Ninth: 202 00:09:34,429 --> 00:09:39,429 The affirmation of the intercession for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 203 00:09:39,429 --> 00:09:42,690 which is the Praiseworthy Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud). 204 00:09:42,690 --> 00:09:43,690 Tenth: 205 00:09:43,690 --> 00:09:49,690 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was exclusively granted multiple forms of intercession. 206 00:09:49,690 --> 00:09:53,690 The first of these is the intercession in the plains of the Day of Resurrection, 207 00:09:53,690 --> 00:09:56,690 to relieve all the people gathered at the Standing from its terrors, 208 00:09:56,690 --> 00:09:58,690 as mentioned at the beginning of the hadith. 209 00:09:58,690 --> 00:10:01,690 Among them is also the intercession to rescue people from the Fire, 210 00:10:01,690 --> 00:10:03,690 as mentioned at the end of the hadith. 211 00:10:03,690 --> 00:10:05,779 Eleventh: 212 00:10:05,779 --> 00:10:12,779 The hadith establishes the Prophet's intercession for the perpetrators of major sins among his Ummah. 213 00:10:12,779 --> 00:10:14,940 Twelfth: 214 00:10:14,940 --> 00:10:18,940 Demonstrating the virtue of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 215 00:10:18,940 --> 00:10:23,100 and his compassion toward his Ummah and all other nations. 216 00:10:23,100 --> 00:10:25,100 Thirteenth: 217 00:10:25,100 --> 00:10:30,100 The hadith indicates that a group of disobedient monotheists will enter the Fire. 218 00:10:30,100 --> 00:10:32,389 Fourteenth: 219 00:10:32,389 --> 00:10:35,389 Those who commit major sins among the monotheists 220 00:10:35,389 --> 00:10:40,419 do not become disbelievers by committing them, nor will they abide eternally in the Fire. 221 00:10:40,419 --> 00:10:42,419 Fifteenth: 222 00:10:42,419 --> 00:10:47,649 The hadith provides evidence for the requirement of pronouncing the two testimonies of faith. 223 00:10:47,649 --> 00:10:49,649 Sixteenth: 224 00:10:49,649 --> 00:10:52,740 The affirmation of varying degrees of excellence among the people of faith. 225 00:10:52,740 --> 00:10:54,740 Seventeenth: 226 00:10:54,740 --> 00:10:55,740 In summary, 227 00:10:55,740 --> 00:11:03,659 this hadith is among the comprehensive foundations encompassing many matters of creed. 228 00:11:03,659 --> 00:11:05,659 On the authority of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, 229 00:11:05,659 --> 00:11:08,659 a Jewish man said to him: 230 00:11:08,659 --> 00:11:11,659 "O Commander of the Faithful, 231 00:11:11,659 --> 00:11:14,659 there is a verse in your Book that you recite; 232 00:11:14,659 --> 00:11:17,659 had it been revealed to us, the community of Jews, 233 00:11:17,659 --> 00:11:21,759 we would have taken that day as a festival." 234 00:11:21,759 --> 00:11:22,759 He asked: 235 00:11:22,759 --> 00:11:24,889 "Which verse?" 236 00:11:24,889 --> 00:11:25,889 The man said: 237 00:11:25,889 --> 00:11:28,889 “Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3) 238 00:11:28,889 --> 00:11:31,889 "'...and I have perfected My favor upon you...'" 239 00:11:31,889 --> 00:11:34,889 “Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3) 240 00:11:34,889 --> 00:11:37,019 'Umar said: 241 00:11:37,019 --> 00:11:39,019 "We know well that day 242 00:11:39,019 --> 00:11:45,019 and the place in which it was revealed to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 243 00:11:45,019 --> 00:11:49,690 while he was standing at 'Arafah on a Friday." 244 00:11:49,690 --> 00:11:53,299 Commentary on the hadith: 245 00:11:53,299 --> 00:11:54,299 "A man" 246 00:11:54,299 --> 00:11:57,549 refers to Ka'b al-Ahbar. 247 00:11:57,549 --> 00:12:00,549 "We would have taken that day as a festival," 248 00:12:00,549 --> 00:12:04,549 meaning: we would have venerated it and made it an annual festival for ourselves, 249 00:12:04,549 --> 00:12:08,549 owing to the magnificence of what occurred therein of the perfection of the religion. 250 00:12:08,549 --> 00:12:12,870 "We know well that day and the place in which it was revealed" 251 00:12:12,870 --> 00:12:13,870 means: 252 00:12:13,870 --> 00:12:16,870 we did not neglect this matter, 253 00:12:16,870 --> 00:12:20,870 nor are the time and place of its revelation hidden from us, 254 00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:24,870 nor did we abandon venerating that day and place. 255 00:12:24,870 --> 00:12:28,059 "At 'Arafah on a Friday": 256 00:12:28,059 --> 00:12:31,059 it was a day in which two distinct virtues and honors converged, 257 00:12:31,059 --> 00:12:34,769 thereby increasing its veneration. 258 00:12:34,769 --> 00:12:38,789 Among the benefits of the hadith: 259 00:12:38,789 --> 00:12:39,789 First: 260 00:12:39,789 --> 00:12:40,789 The hadith contains 261 00:12:40,789 --> 00:12:47,789 a reminder of what Allah, Glorified be He, bestowed upon the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 262 00:12:47,789 --> 00:12:49,789 by way of the perfection of the religion. 263 00:12:49,789 --> 00:12:51,080 Second: 264 00:12:51,080 --> 00:12:59,080 It provides evidence that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, perfected the religion during the lifetime of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him; 265 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,080 hence, it does not need completion, 266 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:05,080 nor can anything previously non-existent be innovated into it, 267 00:13:05,080 --> 00:13:08,080 nor can anything unknown be introduced into it. 268 00:13:08,080 --> 00:13:10,399 Third: 269 00:13:10,399 --> 00:13:13,399 The perfection of favor is realized by entering Paradise, 270 00:13:13,399 --> 00:13:16,399 which constitutes tremendous glad tidings. 271 00:13:16,399 --> 00:13:17,590 Fourth: 272 00:13:17,590 --> 00:13:22,590 An illustration of the Jews' envy toward the Muslims over this blessing. 273 00:13:22,590 --> 00:13:24,779 Fifth: 274 00:13:24,779 --> 00:13:28,779 The verse provides evidence for the increase and decrease of faith; 275 00:13:28,779 --> 00:13:32,779 for the perfection of the religion is attained only through the completion of the Sharia, 276 00:13:32,779 --> 00:13:34,779 and the conception of perfection 277 00:13:34,779 --> 00:13:37,779 inherently necessitates the conception of deficiency. 278 00:13:37,779 --> 00:13:38,779 Chapter: 279 00:13:38,779 --> 00:13:43,860 Zakat is Part of Islam. 280 00:13:43,860 --> 00:13:47,340 On the authority of Talhah ibn 'Ubaydullah, who said: 281 00:13:47,340 --> 00:13:52,379 A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 282 00:13:52,379 --> 00:13:54,379 from the people of Najd, 283 00:13:54,379 --> 00:13:56,379 with disheveled hair. 284 00:13:56,379 --> 00:13:58,379 The drone of his voice could be heard, 285 00:13:58,379 --> 00:14:00,379 but what he was saying could not be understood, 286 00:14:00,379 --> 00:14:02,379 until he drew close, 287 00:14:02,379 --> 00:14:05,379 and behold, he was asking about Islam. 288 00:14:05,379 --> 00:14:09,379 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 289 00:14:09,379 --> 00:14:13,379 "Five prayers during the day and night." 290 00:14:13,379 --> 00:14:14,440 He said: 291 00:14:14,440 --> 00:14:17,440 "Do I owe any other besides them?" 292 00:14:17,440 --> 00:14:18,440 He replied: "No, 293 00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:21,440 unless you perform voluntary prayers." 294 00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:24,600 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 295 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:27,600 "And fasting the month of Ramadan." 296 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:28,659 He said: 297 00:14:28,659 --> 00:14:29,659 He asked: 298 00:14:29,659 --> 00:14:31,659 "Do I owe any other besides it?" 299 00:14:31,659 --> 00:14:32,659 He replied: "No, 300 00:14:32,659 --> 00:14:35,659 unless you fast voluntarily." 301 00:14:35,659 --> 00:14:36,820 He said: 302 00:14:36,820 --> 00:14:41,820 And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, mentioned zakat to him. 303 00:14:41,820 --> 00:14:42,980 He asked: 304 00:14:42,980 --> 00:14:45,980 "Do I owe any other besides it?" 305 00:14:45,980 --> 00:14:46,980 He replied: "No, 306 00:14:46,980 --> 00:14:49,980 unless you give voluntary charity." 307 00:14:49,980 --> 00:14:51,210 He said: 308 00:14:51,210 --> 00:14:54,210 The man turned back, saying: 309 00:14:54,210 --> 00:14:59,210 "By Allah, I will neither add to this nor detract from it." 310 00:14:59,210 --> 00:15:03,340 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 311 00:15:03,340 --> 00:15:06,500 "He has succeeded if he was truthful." 312 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:08,529 And in another narration: 313 00:15:08,529 --> 00:15:11,529 "He will enter Paradise if he was truthful." 314 00:15:11,529 --> 00:15:16,220 Commentary on the hadith: 315 00:15:16,220 --> 00:15:18,220 "Zakat is part of Islam," 316 00:15:18,220 --> 00:15:22,220 meaning that zakat is one of the branches of faith. 317 00:15:22,220 --> 00:15:24,480 "A man came": 318 00:15:24,480 --> 00:15:27,669 it is said that he was Dimam ibn Tha'labah. 319 00:15:27,669 --> 00:15:29,669 "With disheveled hair," 320 00:15:29,669 --> 00:15:34,019 meaning his hair was unkempt due to forsaking luxury. 321 00:15:34,019 --> 00:15:37,019 "The drone of his voice could be heard, but what he was saying could not be understood," 322 00:15:37,019 --> 00:15:41,019 meaning a loud, indistinct sound was heard, 323 00:15:41,019 --> 00:15:43,250 but its meaning was not comprehended. 324 00:15:43,250 --> 00:15:44,250 "And behold": 325 00:15:44,250 --> 00:15:46,379 the particle indicates suddenness. 326 00:15:46,379 --> 00:15:48,379 "About Islam," 327 00:15:48,379 --> 00:15:50,409 meaning about its prescribed laws. 328 00:15:50,409 --> 00:15:52,409 "Unless you perform voluntary acts": 329 00:15:52,409 --> 00:15:55,409 tatawwu' refers to supererogatory deeds. 330 00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:59,600 "By Allah, I will neither add to this nor detract from it," 331 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:01,600 meaning regarding the obligatory duties. 332 00:16:01,600 --> 00:16:02,919 "He has succeeded": 333 00:16:02,919 --> 00:16:05,919 falah denotes triumph and lasting prosperity. 334 00:16:05,919 --> 00:16:07,919 "The man succeeded" 335 00:16:07,919 --> 00:16:11,919 means he attained what he sought and acquired good. 336 00:16:11,919 --> 00:16:15,340 Among the benefits of the hadith: 337 00:16:15,340 --> 00:16:17,259 First: 338 00:16:17,259 --> 00:16:19,259 Among the prescribed rites of Islam 339 00:16:19,259 --> 00:16:22,259 are prayer, zakat, and fasting, 340 00:16:22,259 --> 00:16:25,549 and they are branches of faith. 341 00:16:25,549 --> 00:16:26,549 Second: 342 00:16:26,549 --> 00:16:28,549 The five daily prayers 343 00:16:28,549 --> 00:16:30,549 are obligatory upon every legally responsible person 344 00:16:30,549 --> 00:16:33,970 each day and night. 345 00:16:33,970 --> 00:16:34,970 Third: 346 00:16:34,970 --> 00:16:40,970 It is permissible to swear by Allah Almighty without being asked to swear and without absolute necessity, 347 00:16:40,970 --> 00:16:44,970 because the man swore an oath in the presence of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 348 00:16:44,970 --> 00:16:46,970 without his disapproval. 349 00:16:46,970 --> 00:16:49,259 Fourth: 350 00:16:49,259 --> 00:16:52,259 If a person succeeds merely by confining himself to obligatory deeds, 351 00:16:52,259 --> 00:16:56,259 then his success by combining recommended deeds with obligatory ones is even more assured. 352 00:16:58,759 --> 00:16:59,759 Chapter: 353 00:16:59,759 --> 00:17:02,759 Following Funeral Processions is Part of Faith. 354 00:17:02,759 --> 00:17:05,109 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 355 00:17:05,109 --> 00:17:09,109 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 356 00:17:09,109 --> 00:17:14,180 "Whoever follows the funeral procession of a Muslim out of faith and anticipation of Allah's reward, 357 00:17:14,180 --> 00:17:19,180 and remains with it until the funeral prayer is offered and the burial is completed, 358 00:17:19,180 --> 00:17:23,180 will return with a reward of two qirats, 359 00:17:23,180 --> 00:17:26,180 each qirat being like the mountain of Uhud. 360 00:17:26,180 --> 00:17:31,269 And whoever prays over the deceased and then leaves before the burial, 361 00:17:31,269 --> 00:17:34,269 will return with one qirat." 362 00:17:34,269 --> 00:17:38,259 Commentary on the hadith: 363 00:17:38,259 --> 00:17:42,029 "Following funeral processions is part of faith," 364 00:17:42,029 --> 00:17:46,029 meaning that following funeral processions is one of the branches of faith. 365 00:17:46,029 --> 00:17:48,450 "Whoever follows," 366 00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:50,450 meaning walks along with it and attends it. 367 00:17:50,450 --> 00:17:52,579 "A funeral procession" (janazah): 368 00:17:52,579 --> 00:17:56,579 janazah is a term applied to both the deceased and the bier. 369 00:17:56,579 --> 00:17:58,930 "Out of faith and anticipation of reward," 370 00:17:58,930 --> 00:18:02,930 meaning seeking the countenance of Allah Almighty through following it, 371 00:18:02,930 --> 00:18:06,930 and affirming the virtue of following funeral processions. 372 00:18:06,930 --> 00:18:09,250 "With two qirats": 373 00:18:09,250 --> 00:18:12,250 a qirat is a term denoting a designated measure of reward, 374 00:18:12,250 --> 00:18:15,250 which may refer to a lesser or greater amount. 375 00:18:15,250 --> 00:18:17,539 "Like Uhud": 376 00:18:17,539 --> 00:18:19,539 Uhud was specifically mentioned 377 00:18:19,539 --> 00:18:21,539 because it is the greatest mountain in Medina, 378 00:18:21,539 --> 00:18:23,539 and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 379 00:18:23,539 --> 00:18:25,539 loved it, 380 00:18:25,539 --> 00:18:27,539 and it loved him. 381 00:18:27,539 --> 00:18:30,660 Among the benefits of the hadith: 382 00:18:30,660 --> 00:18:33,460 First: 383 00:18:33,460 --> 00:18:35,460 The encouragement to offer the funeral prayer over the deceased, 384 00:18:35,460 --> 00:18:37,460 to follow his funeral procession, 385 00:18:37,460 --> 00:18:39,460 and to attend his burial. 386 00:18:39,460 --> 00:18:41,579 Second: 387 00:18:41,579 --> 00:18:43,579 Highlighting the greatness of the reward for the funeral prayer 388 00:18:43,579 --> 00:18:45,579 and attending the burial. 389 00:18:45,579 --> 00:18:47,579 Third: 390 00:18:47,579 --> 00:18:49,579 The hadith indicates that 391 00:18:49,579 --> 00:18:51,579 the aforementioned reward 392 00:18:51,579 --> 00:18:53,579 is attained only by the one who follows it 393 00:18:53,579 --> 00:18:55,579 out of faith and anticipation of reward; 394 00:18:55,579 --> 00:18:57,579 for attending it falls into three 395 00:18:57,579 --> 00:18:59,579 categories: 396 00:18:59,579 --> 00:19:01,579 seeking Allah's reward, reciprocating a favor, 397 00:19:01,579 --> 00:19:04,000 or out of social apprehension. 398 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:06,000 Fourth: 399 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:08,000 Demonstrating the vastness of the bounty of Allah Almighty. 400 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,980 Chapter: A Believer's Fear 401 00:19:11,980 --> 00:19:13,980 lest his good deeds become nullified 402 00:19:13,980 --> 00:19:16,910 while he is unaware. 403 00:19:16,910 --> 00:19:18,910 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, 404 00:19:18,910 --> 00:19:20,910 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 405 00:19:20,910 --> 00:19:22,910 said: 406 00:19:22,910 --> 00:19:24,940 "Reviling a Muslim is an act of wickedness, 407 00:19:24,940 --> 00:19:26,940 and fighting him is an act of disbelief." 408 00:19:26,940 --> 00:19:29,460 Commentary 409 00:19:29,460 --> 00:19:31,460 on the hadith: 410 00:19:31,460 --> 00:19:34,029 "Lest his good deeds become nullified," 411 00:19:34,029 --> 00:19:36,029 meaning that he is deprived of the reward for his deeds, 412 00:19:36,029 --> 00:19:38,029 because one is not rewarded 413 00:19:38,029 --> 00:19:40,029 except for that which was done with sincere devotion. 414 00:19:40,029 --> 00:19:42,319 "Reviling" (sibab): 415 00:19:42,319 --> 00:19:44,319 Insulting, which means 416 00:19:44,319 --> 00:19:46,319 cursing and maligning someone's honor 417 00:19:46,319 --> 00:19:48,640 with disparaging remarks. 418 00:19:48,640 --> 00:19:50,640 "An act of wickedness" (fusuq): wicked disobedience (fisq) 419 00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:53,279 is straying beyond the bounds of obedience. 420 00:19:53,279 --> 00:19:55,279 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 421 00:19:55,279 --> 00:19:58,109 First, 422 00:19:58,109 --> 00:20:00,109 the sacred prohibition against reviling a Muslim, 423 00:20:00,109 --> 00:20:02,109 and that whoever does so is guilty of wickedness. 424 00:20:02,109 --> 00:20:04,180 Second, 425 00:20:04,180 --> 00:20:06,180 the inviolability of a Muslim's blood, 426 00:20:06,180 --> 00:20:08,180 and that killing him is among the major sins. 427 00:20:08,180 --> 00:20:10,269 Third, 428 00:20:10,269 --> 00:20:12,269 in the hadith there is a refutation of the Murji'ah 429 00:20:12,269 --> 00:20:14,269 in their claim 430 00:20:14,269 --> 00:20:16,269 that no deed can ever be nullified 431 00:20:16,269 --> 00:20:18,269 by any sin, 432 00:20:18,269 --> 00:20:20,269 and that the faith of the disobedient and the obedient 433 00:20:20,269 --> 00:20:24,319 are entirely equal. 434 00:20:24,319 --> 00:20:26,319 On the authority of 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit, 435 00:20:26,319 --> 00:20:28,319 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 436 00:20:28,319 --> 00:20:30,319 came out to inform the people 437 00:20:30,319 --> 00:20:32,319 of the exact date of Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree), 438 00:20:32,319 --> 00:20:34,319 but two Muslim men were quarreling. 439 00:20:34,319 --> 00:20:36,319 He said: 440 00:20:36,319 --> 00:20:38,319 "I came out to inform you 441 00:20:38,319 --> 00:20:40,319 of the Night of Decree, 442 00:20:40,319 --> 00:20:42,319 but so-and-so and so-and-so 443 00:20:42,319 --> 00:20:44,319 were quarreling, 444 00:20:44,319 --> 00:20:46,319 so the specific knowledge of it was taken away; 445 00:20:46,319 --> 00:20:48,319 yet that may well be better for you. 446 00:20:48,319 --> 00:20:50,319 Seek it, then, 447 00:20:50,319 --> 00:20:52,319 in the seventh, the ninth, or the fifth." 448 00:20:52,319 --> 00:20:54,960 Commentary on the hadith: 449 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,339 "They were quarreling," 450 00:20:57,339 --> 00:20:59,339 meaning they were disputing 451 00:20:59,339 --> 00:21:01,470 and contending with one another. 452 00:21:01,470 --> 00:21:03,470 "Two men": 453 00:21:03,470 --> 00:21:05,470 They were 'Abdullah Ibn Abi Hadrad 454 00:21:05,470 --> 00:21:07,470 and Ka'b Ibn Malik 455 00:21:07,470 --> 00:21:09,539 (may Allah be pleased with them both). 456 00:21:09,539 --> 00:21:11,539 "It was taken away," 457 00:21:11,539 --> 00:21:13,539 meaning the explicit disclosure and designation of it was lifted; 458 00:21:13,539 --> 00:21:15,539 otherwise, the night itself remains 459 00:21:15,539 --> 00:21:17,539 until the Day of Resurrection, 460 00:21:17,539 --> 00:21:19,539 as evidenced by his saying (peace be upon him): 461 00:21:19,539 --> 00:21:21,539 "Seek it." 462 00:21:21,539 --> 00:21:23,859 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 463 00:21:23,859 --> 00:21:25,859 First, 464 00:21:25,859 --> 00:21:28,910 the blameworthiness of quarreling and contention, 465 00:21:28,910 --> 00:21:30,910 and that they are 466 00:21:30,910 --> 00:21:32,910 a cause for general deprivation falling upon the public 467 00:21:32,910 --> 00:21:34,910 due to the sin of specific individuals. 468 00:21:34,910 --> 00:21:37,099 Second, 469 00:21:37,099 --> 00:21:39,099 any gathering in which Satan is present 470 00:21:39,099 --> 00:21:41,099 has blessing and goodness 471 00:21:41,099 --> 00:21:43,230 lifted away from it. 472 00:21:43,230 --> 00:21:45,230 Third, 473 00:21:45,230 --> 00:21:47,230 in withholding the exact designation of the Night of Decree 474 00:21:47,230 --> 00:21:49,230 lies an anticipated good, 475 00:21:49,230 --> 00:21:51,230 as it yields greater reward 476 00:21:51,230 --> 00:21:53,230 by serving as an incentive to increase 477 00:21:53,230 --> 00:21:55,230 one's striving in seeking it out. 478 00:21:55,230 --> 00:21:57,299 Fourth, 479 00:21:57,299 --> 00:21:59,299 the hadith contains 480 00:21:59,299 --> 00:22:01,299 an indication of the immense danger 481 00:22:01,299 --> 00:22:03,490 of division and discord. 482 00:22:03,490 --> 00:22:05,490 Fifth, 483 00:22:05,490 --> 00:22:07,490 it guides a person to scrutinize 484 00:22:07,490 --> 00:22:09,490 his actions and safeguard them from anything 485 00:22:09,490 --> 00:22:12,960 that invalidates them. 486 00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:14,960 Chapter: Gabriel's Questioning of the Prophet 487 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:16,960 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 488 00:22:16,960 --> 00:22:18,960 Concerning Faith (Iman), Islam, 489 00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:20,960 and Excellence (Ihsan). 490 00:22:20,960 --> 00:22:23,500 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah 491 00:22:23,500 --> 00:22:25,500 (may Allah be pleased with him): 492 00:22:25,500 --> 00:22:27,500 One day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 493 00:22:27,500 --> 00:22:29,500 was sitting 494 00:22:29,500 --> 00:22:31,500 openly before the people, 495 00:22:31,500 --> 00:22:33,500 when a man approached him, 496 00:22:33,500 --> 00:22:35,500 walking on foot, 497 00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:37,500 and said, "O Messenger of Allah, 498 00:22:37,500 --> 00:22:39,500 what is faith?" 499 00:22:39,500 --> 00:22:41,500 He replied, "Faith 500 00:22:41,500 --> 00:22:43,500 is to believe in Allah, His angels, 501 00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:45,500 His Messengers, 502 00:22:45,500 --> 00:22:47,500 the meeting with Him, 503 00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,599 and to believe in the Final Resurrection." 504 00:22:49,599 --> 00:22:51,599 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 505 00:22:51,599 --> 00:22:53,599 what is Islam?" 506 00:22:53,599 --> 00:22:55,599 He replied, 507 00:22:55,599 --> 00:22:57,599 "Islam is to worship Allah 508 00:22:57,599 --> 00:22:59,599 and associate nothing with Him, 509 00:22:59,599 --> 00:23:01,599 to establish prayer, 510 00:23:01,599 --> 00:23:03,599 to pay the obligatory 511 00:23:03,599 --> 00:23:05,599 zakat, and to fast 512 00:23:05,599 --> 00:23:07,630 Ramadan." 513 00:23:07,630 --> 00:23:09,630 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 514 00:23:09,630 --> 00:23:11,630 what is excellence?" 515 00:23:11,630 --> 00:23:13,630 He replied, "Excellence 516 00:23:13,630 --> 00:23:15,630 is to worship Allah as though you 517 00:23:15,630 --> 00:23:17,630 see Him, and if 518 00:23:17,630 --> 00:23:19,630 you do not see Him, then truly 519 00:23:19,630 --> 00:23:21,859 He sees you." 520 00:23:21,859 --> 00:23:23,859 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 521 00:23:23,859 --> 00:23:25,920 when is the Hour?" 522 00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:27,920 He replied, "The one questioned 523 00:23:27,920 --> 00:23:29,920 about it knows no better than the questioner. 524 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:31,920 However, 525 00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:33,920 I will inform you of its portents: 526 00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:35,980 when the female slave gives birth 527 00:23:35,980 --> 00:23:37,980 to her mistress, 528 00:23:37,980 --> 00:23:39,980 that is among its portents; 529 00:23:39,980 --> 00:23:41,980 and when the barefoot, 530 00:23:41,980 --> 00:23:43,980 naked ones become the leaders of the people." 531 00:23:43,980 --> 00:23:45,980 And in another narration: 532 00:23:45,980 --> 00:23:47,980 "When the female slave gives birth to her master; 533 00:23:47,980 --> 00:23:49,980 and when the destitute shepherds 534 00:23:49,980 --> 00:23:51,980 of black camels vie with one another 535 00:23:51,980 --> 00:23:53,980 in building lofty structures— 536 00:23:53,980 --> 00:23:55,980 that is among its portents. 537 00:23:55,980 --> 00:23:57,980 It is among five things that none knows 538 00:23:57,980 --> 00:24:00,109 except Allah: 539 00:24:00,109 --> 00:24:02,109 ◁Indeed, Allah alone possesses 540 00:24:02,109 --> 00:24:04,109 knowledge of the Hour, and sends down 541 00:24:04,109 --> 00:24:06,109 the rain, and knows 542 00:24:06,109 --> 00:24:08,430 what is in the wombs...▷" 543 00:24:08,430 --> 00:24:10,430 Then the man turned away and left. 544 00:24:10,430 --> 00:24:12,430 The Prophet said, 545 00:24:12,430 --> 00:24:14,430 "Bring him back to me!" 546 00:24:14,430 --> 00:24:16,430 They went to bring him back, 547 00:24:16,430 --> 00:24:18,500 but they could see nothing. 548 00:24:18,500 --> 00:24:20,500 Thereupon he said, 549 00:24:20,500 --> 00:24:22,500 "That was Gabriel; 550 00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:24,500 he came to teach the people 551 00:24:24,500 --> 00:24:27,579 their religion." 552 00:24:27,579 --> 00:24:30,099 Commentary on the hadith: 553 00:24:30,099 --> 00:24:32,099 The hadith of Gabriel 554 00:24:32,099 --> 00:24:34,450 is called the core foundation of the Sunnah. 555 00:24:34,450 --> 00:24:36,450 "Openly," 556 00:24:36,450 --> 00:24:38,450 meaning visible to them, seated in their company. 557 00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:40,740 "The Final Resurrection": 558 00:24:40,740 --> 00:24:42,740 a person's birth 559 00:24:42,740 --> 00:24:44,740 is a emergence from the womb, 560 00:24:44,740 --> 00:24:46,740 and their gathering from the grave 561 00:24:46,740 --> 00:24:48,740 is an emergence from the earth; 562 00:24:48,740 --> 00:24:50,740 thus the resurrection was specified as "the Final" 563 00:24:50,740 --> 00:24:52,930 to distinguish it. 564 00:24:52,930 --> 00:24:54,930 "To worship Allah," 565 00:24:54,930 --> 00:24:56,930 meaning to obey Him, devoting worship purely to Him, 566 00:24:56,930 --> 00:24:58,930 while following in it His Messenger 567 00:24:58,930 --> 00:25:00,930 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 568 00:25:00,930 --> 00:25:03,250 "And to pay zakat," 569 00:25:03,250 --> 00:25:05,250 meaning to distribute it 570 00:25:05,250 --> 00:25:07,660 to those entitled to receive it. 571 00:25:07,660 --> 00:25:09,660 "The Hour," 572 00:25:09,660 --> 00:25:11,920 meaning the Day of Resurrection. 573 00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:13,920 "Its portents," 574 00:25:13,920 --> 00:25:16,049 its signs. 575 00:25:16,049 --> 00:25:18,049 "Her mistress," 576 00:25:18,049 --> 00:25:20,299 meaning her master. 577 00:25:20,299 --> 00:25:22,299 "The barefoot and naked," 578 00:25:22,299 --> 00:25:24,299 meaning those who possess nothing. 579 00:25:24,299 --> 00:25:26,299 The meaning is 580 00:25:26,299 --> 00:25:28,299 that the impoverished and destitute 581 00:25:28,299 --> 00:25:30,299 will have worldly wealth opened up for them, 582 00:25:30,299 --> 00:25:32,299 so they will vie in constructing lofty buildings 583 00:25:32,299 --> 00:25:34,500 and become the leaders of mankind. 584 00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:36,500 "None knows them 585 00:25:36,500 --> 00:25:38,500 except Allah," 586 00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:40,619 meaning He has kept their knowledge exclusively to Himself. 587 00:25:40,619 --> 00:25:42,619 "That was Gabriel": 588 00:25:42,619 --> 00:25:44,619 angels take form 589 00:25:44,619 --> 00:25:46,819 in the shapes of human beings. 590 00:25:46,819 --> 00:25:48,819 "To teach the people their religion," 591 00:25:48,819 --> 00:25:50,819 meaning the foundational principles of their religion 592 00:25:50,819 --> 00:25:53,390 and its overarching doctrines. 593 00:25:53,390 --> 00:25:55,390 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 594 00:25:55,390 --> 00:25:58,190 First, 595 00:25:58,190 --> 00:26:00,190 regarding "Islam" and "faith": 596 00:26:00,190 --> 00:26:02,190 when they are mentioned together in a single hadith, 597 00:26:02,190 --> 00:26:04,190 Islam applies to the outward 598 00:26:04,190 --> 00:26:06,190 actions, 599 00:26:06,190 --> 00:26:08,190 while faith pertains to inward deeds. 600 00:26:08,190 --> 00:26:10,509 Second: 601 00:26:10,509 --> 00:26:12,509 spiritual excellence (ihsan) in this hadith 602 00:26:12,509 --> 00:26:14,509 refers to perfecting acts of worship, 603 00:26:14,509 --> 00:26:16,509 observing the rights of Allah, 604 00:26:16,509 --> 00:26:18,640 and maintaining awareness of Him. 605 00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:20,640 Third: 606 00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:22,640 urging toward total sincerity in worship 607 00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,640 and the mindful awareness of Allah Almighty 608 00:26:24,640 --> 00:26:26,640 across all of its forms, 609 00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:28,640 accompanied by humble reverence, 610 00:26:28,640 --> 00:26:30,640 submission, and presence of heart. 611 00:26:30,640 --> 00:26:32,960 Fourth: 612 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:34,960 part of the proper etiquette of a scholar, 613 00:26:34,960 --> 00:26:36,960 when asked about what he does not know, 614 00:26:36,960 --> 00:26:38,960 is to say: "I do not know." 615 00:26:38,960 --> 00:26:41,150 Fifth: 616 00:26:41,150 --> 00:26:43,150 the Hour has portents, 617 00:26:43,150 --> 00:26:45,150 some of which have already passed while others remain. 618 00:26:45,150 --> 00:26:47,180 Sixth: 619 00:26:47,180 --> 00:26:49,180 this hadith 620 00:26:49,180 --> 00:26:51,180 encompasses an explanation of all 621 00:26:51,180 --> 00:26:53,180 the duties of the religion; 622 00:26:53,180 --> 00:26:55,180 indeed, all disciplines of the Shariah 623 00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:59,390 trace back to it. 624 00:26:59,390 --> 00:27:01,390 Chapter: The Virtue of One Who Safeguards 625 00:27:02,029 --> 00:27:04,029 His Religion. 626 00:27:04,029 --> 00:27:06,029 On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, who said: 627 00:27:06,029 --> 00:27:08,029 I heard the Messenger of Allah, 628 00:27:08,029 --> 00:27:10,059 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 629 00:27:10,059 --> 00:27:12,059 say: "The lawful is clear, 630 00:27:12,059 --> 00:27:14,059 and the unlawful is clear, 631 00:27:14,059 --> 00:27:16,059 and between them are doubtful matters 632 00:27:16,059 --> 00:27:18,059 that many 633 00:27:18,059 --> 00:27:20,059 of the people do not know. 634 00:27:20,059 --> 00:27:22,059 So whoever avoids doubtful matters 635 00:27:22,059 --> 00:27:24,059 safeguards his religion 636 00:27:24,059 --> 00:27:26,059 and his honor; 637 00:27:26,059 --> 00:27:28,059 and whoever falls into doubts—" 638 00:27:28,059 --> 00:27:30,099 In another narration: 639 00:27:30,099 --> 00:27:32,099 "So whoever abandons that which appears doubtful to him 640 00:27:32,099 --> 00:27:34,099 regarding sin 641 00:27:34,099 --> 00:27:36,099 will be all the more forsaking of what is plainly sinful; 642 00:27:36,099 --> 00:27:38,099 and whoever ventures into what 643 00:27:38,099 --> 00:27:40,099 he suspects to be a sin 644 00:27:40,099 --> 00:27:42,099 is on the verge of committing 645 00:27:42,099 --> 00:27:44,099 what is plainly forbidden." 646 00:27:44,099 --> 00:27:46,480 And sins are the sanctuary of Allah; 647 00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:48,480 "like a shepherd who grazes his flock around 648 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:50,480 a private pasture, nearly 649 00:27:50,480 --> 00:27:52,740 encroaching upon it. 650 00:27:52,740 --> 00:27:54,740 Truly, every king possesses 651 00:27:54,740 --> 00:27:56,799 a sanctuary, and indeed 652 00:27:56,799 --> 00:27:58,799 the sanctuary of Allah on His earth 653 00:27:58,799 --> 00:28:01,089 is His prohibitions. Truly, 654 00:28:01,089 --> 00:28:03,089 in the body there is a lump of flesh: 655 00:28:03,089 --> 00:28:05,089 if it is sound, 656 00:28:05,089 --> 00:28:07,089 the entire body is sound; 657 00:28:07,089 --> 00:28:09,089 and if it is corrupt, 658 00:28:09,089 --> 00:28:11,220 the entirety of it is corrupt. 659 00:28:11,220 --> 00:28:14,049 Truly, it is the heart." 660 00:28:14,049 --> 00:28:16,049 Commentary on the Hadith: 661 00:28:16,049 --> 00:28:18,819 "Clear" 662 00:28:18,819 --> 00:28:21,009 means beyond doubt. 663 00:28:21,009 --> 00:28:23,009 "Doubtful matters" 664 00:28:23,009 --> 00:28:25,069 means obscure or ambiguous issues 665 00:28:25,069 --> 00:28:27,069 unknown to many people, 666 00:28:27,069 --> 00:28:29,069 though the scholars 667 00:28:29,069 --> 00:28:31,140 recognize them. 668 00:28:31,140 --> 00:28:33,140 "Avoids" 669 00:28:33,140 --> 00:28:35,170 means stays clear of. 670 00:28:35,170 --> 00:28:37,170 "Safeguards his religion and his honor" 671 00:28:37,170 --> 00:28:39,170 means his religion remains safe from anything that impairs 672 00:28:39,170 --> 00:28:41,170 or diminishes it, 673 00:28:41,170 --> 00:28:43,170 and his honor remains safe from anything that dishonors it. 674 00:28:43,170 --> 00:28:45,420 "Nearly" 675 00:28:45,420 --> 00:28:47,490 means comes close to. 676 00:28:47,490 --> 00:28:49,490 "Encroaching upon it" 677 00:28:49,490 --> 00:28:51,710 means falling into it. 678 00:28:51,710 --> 00:28:53,710 "A private pasture" refers to lands 679 00:28:53,710 --> 00:28:55,710 preserved exclusively by rulers, 680 00:28:55,710 --> 00:28:57,710 designated as pastures for their own livestock, 681 00:28:57,710 --> 00:28:59,710 around which they threaten anyone who nears them. 682 00:28:59,710 --> 00:29:01,970 "His prohibitions" 683 00:29:01,970 --> 00:29:03,970 are those matters that the Law has expressly established 684 00:29:03,970 --> 00:29:06,130 as forbidden. 685 00:29:06,130 --> 00:29:08,130 "A lump of flesh" 686 00:29:08,130 --> 00:29:10,740 denotes a piece of meat. 687 00:29:10,740 --> 00:29:12,740 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 688 00:29:12,740 --> 00:29:15,440 First: 689 00:29:15,440 --> 00:29:17,440 the hadith encompasses 690 00:29:17,440 --> 00:29:19,440 the rulings of the lawful, the unlawful, 691 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:21,440 and ambiguous matters, 692 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:23,440 along with what rectifies hearts and what corrupts them, 693 00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:25,440 and the direct dependence 694 00:29:25,440 --> 00:29:27,660 of physical actions upon them. 695 00:29:27,660 --> 00:29:29,660 Second: 696 00:29:29,660 --> 00:29:31,660 it is incumbent upon every legally accountable person 697 00:29:31,660 --> 00:29:33,660 to exert full effort in rectifying his heart 698 00:29:33,660 --> 00:29:35,660 and guiding the soul 699 00:29:35,660 --> 00:29:37,660 toward noble character, 700 00:29:37,660 --> 00:29:39,660 so as to achieve the purity of his heart 701 00:29:39,660 --> 00:29:41,660 and its righteousness.