WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.540 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.540 --> 00:00:06.459 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.459 --> 00:00:09.660 for Human Studies and Research 00:00:09.660 --> 00:00:11.900 presents 00:00:11.900 --> 00:00:15.980 The Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:15.980 --> 00:00:21.019 Chapter: The Increase and Decrease of Faith. 00:00:21.019 --> 00:00:23.019 On the authority of Anas, 00:00:23.019 --> 00:00:26.699 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:00:26.699 --> 00:00:31.440 "Allah will gather the believers on the Day of Resurrection in such a state, 00:00:31.920 --> 00:00:33.439 and they will say: 00:00:33.439 --> 00:00:36.320 'If only we sought someone to intercede for us with our Lord, 00:00:36.320 --> 00:00:40.079 so that He might relieve us from this station of ours!' 00:00:40.079 --> 00:00:42.079 So they will go to Adam 00:00:42.079 --> 00:00:43.679 and say: 00:00:43.679 --> 00:00:45.359 'O Adam! 00:00:45.359 --> 00:00:47.359 Do you not see the state of the people? 00:00:47.359 --> 00:00:49.759 Allah created you with His Hand, 00:00:49.759 --> 00:00:52.479 made His angels prostrate to you, 00:00:52.479 --> 00:00:55.600 and taught you the names of all things. 00:00:55.630 --> 00:00:58.429 Intercede for us with our Lord, 00:00:58.509 --> 00:01:02.689 so that He might relieve us from this station of ours!' 00:01:02.689 --> 00:01:04.049 But he will reply: 00:01:04.049 --> 00:01:05.890 'I am not fit for that,' 00:01:05.890 --> 00:01:10.099 and he will mention to them the mistake he committed. 00:01:10.099 --> 00:01:11.700 In another narration: 00:01:11.700 --> 00:01:15.200 'He will mention his sin and feel ashamed.' 00:01:15.200 --> 00:01:17.840 'Rather, go to Noah, 00:01:17.840 --> 00:01:22.980 for he is the first messenger Allah sent to the people of the earth.' 00:01:22.980 --> 00:01:25.060 So they will go to Noah, 00:01:25.060 --> 00:01:26.579 but he will reply: 00:01:26.579 --> 00:01:28.739 'I am not fit for that,' 00:01:28.739 --> 00:01:32.260 and he will mention the mistake he committed. 00:01:32.260 --> 00:01:33.939 In another narration: 00:01:33.939 --> 00:01:38.420 'He will mention his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge, 00:01:38.420 --> 00:01:40.400 and he will feel ashamed.' 00:01:40.400 --> 00:01:44.780 'Rather, go to Abraham, the Intimate Friend of the Most Merciful.' 00:01:44.780 --> 00:01:47.019 So they will go to Abraham, 00:01:47.019 --> 00:01:48.459 but he will reply: 00:01:48.459 --> 00:01:50.620 'I am not fit for that,' 00:01:50.620 --> 00:01:54.879 and he will mention to them the mistakes he committed. 00:01:54.879 --> 00:01:56.480 In another narration: 00:01:56.640 --> 00:02:00.659 'He will mention three statements he made that were not literally true.' 00:02:00.659 --> 00:02:03.060 'Rather, go to Moses, 00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:06.340 a servant to whom Allah gave the Torah 00:02:06.340 --> 00:02:09.419 and with whom He spoke directly.' 00:02:09.419 --> 00:02:11.099 So they will go to Moses, 00:02:11.099 --> 00:02:12.460 but he will reply: 00:02:12.460 --> 00:02:14.620 'I am not fit for that,' 00:02:14.620 --> 00:02:18.930 and he will mention to them the mistake he committed. 00:02:18.930 --> 00:02:20.370 In another narration: 00:02:20.370 --> 00:02:23.569 'He will mention his killing a soul without judicial right, 00:02:23.569 --> 00:02:26.379 and he will feel ashamed before his Lord.' 00:02:26.379 --> 00:02:30.780 'Rather, go to Jesus, the servant of Allah and His messenger, 00:02:30.780 --> 00:02:33.580 and His Word and a spirit from Him.' 00:02:33.580 --> 00:02:35.580 So they will go to Jesus, 00:02:35.580 --> 00:02:36.860 but he will reply: 00:02:36.860 --> 00:02:39.020 'I am not fit for that.' 00:02:39.020 --> 00:02:43.580 'Rather, go to Muhammad (peace be upon him), 00:02:43.580 --> 00:02:49.409 a servant whose past and future sins Allah has forgiven.' 00:02:49.409 --> 00:02:51.009 Then they will come to me, 00:02:51.009 --> 00:02:52.449 so I will set out 00:02:52.449 --> 00:02:54.770 and ask permission to enter upon my Lord, 00:02:54.849 --> 00:02:57.090 and permission will be granted to me. 00:02:57.090 --> 00:02:59.169 When I see my Lord, 00:02:59.169 --> 00:03:02.110 I will fall down in prostration before Him, 00:03:02.110 --> 00:03:05.949 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me. 00:03:05.949 --> 00:03:07.870 Then it will be said to me: 00:03:07.870 --> 00:03:09.870 'Raise your head, O Muhammad! 00:03:09.870 --> 00:03:11.629 Speak, and you will be heard; 00:03:11.629 --> 00:03:13.469 ask, and it will be granted to you; 00:03:13.469 --> 00:03:16.080 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.' 00:03:16.080 --> 00:03:20.080 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that He will teach me, 00:03:20.080 --> 00:03:21.919 and then I will intercede. 00:03:21.919 --> 00:03:24.319 He will set a limit for me, 00:03:24.319 --> 00:03:26.800 and I will admit them into Paradise. 00:03:26.800 --> 00:03:28.560 Then I will return, 00:03:28.560 --> 00:03:30.560 and when I see my Lord, 00:03:30.560 --> 00:03:32.909 I will fall down in prostration, 00:03:32.909 --> 00:03:36.669 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me. 00:03:36.669 --> 00:03:38.430 Then it will be said: 00:03:38.430 --> 00:03:40.430 'Raise your head, O Muhammad! 00:03:40.430 --> 00:03:42.189 Speak, and you will be heard; 00:03:42.189 --> 00:03:44.030 ask, and it will be granted to you; 00:03:44.030 --> 00:03:46.800 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.' 00:03:46.800 --> 00:03:51.280 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that my Lord will teach me, 00:03:51.280 --> 00:03:53.280 and then I will intercede. 00:03:53.360 --> 00:03:55.360 He will set a limit for me, 00:03:55.360 --> 00:03:57.360 and I will admit them into Paradise. 00:03:57.360 --> 00:03:59.360 Then I will return, 00:03:59.360 --> 00:04:01.389 and when I see my Lord, 00:04:01.389 --> 00:04:03.389 I will fall down in prostration, 00:04:03.389 --> 00:04:07.419 and He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me. 00:04:07.419 --> 00:04:09.419 Then it will be said: 00:04:09.419 --> 00:04:11.419 'Raise your head, O Muhammad! 00:04:11.419 --> 00:04:13.419 Speak, and you will be heard; 00:04:13.419 --> 00:04:15.419 ask, and it will be granted to you; 00:04:15.419 --> 00:04:17.420 and intercede, and your intercession will be accepted.' 00:04:17.420 --> 00:04:21.579 So I will praise my Lord with words of praise that He will teach me, 00:04:21.660 --> 00:04:23.660 and then I will intercede. 00:04:23.660 --> 00:04:25.730 He will set a limit for me, 00:04:25.730 --> 00:04:27.730 and I will admit them into Paradise. 00:04:27.730 --> 00:04:29.790 Then I will return 00:04:29.790 --> 00:04:31.790 and say: 00:04:31.790 --> 00:04:33.790 'O Lord, no one remains in the Fire 00:04:33.790 --> 00:04:35.790 except those whom the Qur'an has detained, 00:04:35.790 --> 00:04:39.790 and for whom eternity therein has become mandatory.'" 00:04:39.790 --> 00:04:44.079 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:04:44.079 --> 00:04:46.079 "There will be brought out of the Fire whoever said: 00:04:46.079 --> 00:04:48.079 'There is no god but Allah,' 00:04:48.079 --> 00:04:50.079 while having in his heart of goodness 00:04:50.160 --> 00:04:52.160 that which equals the weight of a barley grain. 00:04:52.160 --> 00:04:54.480 Then there will be brought out of the Fire whoever said: 00:04:54.480 --> 00:04:56.480 'There is no god but Allah,' 00:04:56.480 --> 00:04:58.480 while having in his heart of goodness 00:04:58.480 --> 00:05:00.480 that which equals the weight of a wheat grain. 00:05:00.480 --> 00:05:02.480 Then there will be brought out of the Fire whoever said: 00:05:02.480 --> 00:05:04.860 'There is no god but Allah,' 00:05:04.860 --> 00:05:06.860 while having in his heart of goodness that which equals the weight of an atom." 00:05:10.860 --> 00:05:12.860 In another narration, 00:05:12.860 --> 00:05:15.220 he said: 00:05:15.220 --> 00:05:17.220 Then he recited this verse: 00:05:17.220 --> 00:05:19.220 "It may be that your Lord will raise you to a praised station." 00:05:19.220 --> 00:05:25.279 “And some part of the night awake for it, a largess for thee. It may be that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised estate.” (17:79) 00:05:25.279 --> 00:05:33.279 He said: "This is the Praised Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud) that was promised to your Prophet (peace be upon him)." 00:05:33.279 --> 00:05:36.949 Commentary on the hadith: 00:05:36.949 --> 00:05:40.689 "If only we sought someone to intercede for us with our Lord," 00:05:40.689 --> 00:05:43.689 meaning: if only we sought an intercessor to plead our case, 00:05:43.689 --> 00:05:47.009 "so that He might relieve us from this station of ours," 00:05:47.009 --> 00:05:51.009 meaning: so that He might deliver us from the standing place and its terrors and tribulations, 00:05:51.009 --> 00:05:54.009 and judge between the servants. 00:05:54.009 --> 00:05:57.300 "And taught you the names of all things," 00:05:57.300 --> 00:06:00.300 meaning: even the large serving dish and the small bowl. 00:06:00.300 --> 00:06:02.740 "Intercede for us," 00:06:02.740 --> 00:06:05.740 meaning: plead our case before our Lord. 00:06:05.740 --> 00:06:07.970 "I am not fit for that," 00:06:07.970 --> 00:06:10.970 meaning: I do not possess that distinct rank and standing. 00:06:10.970 --> 00:06:14.220 "The mistake he committed," 00:06:14.220 --> 00:06:19.220 which was Adam's (peace be upon him) approaching the tree and eating from it. 00:06:19.220 --> 00:06:22.540 "I am not fit for that," 00:06:22.540 --> 00:06:25.540 meaning: I do not possess this exalted station. 00:06:25.540 --> 00:06:28.769 "And he will mention the mistake he committed," 00:06:28.769 --> 00:06:34.769 Noah (peace be upon him) mentions his asking his Lord for that of which he had no knowledge, 00:06:34.769 --> 00:06:36.769 which is his saying: 00:06:36.769 --> 00:06:41.769 “And Noah said: My Lord! Leave not one of the disbelievers in the land.” (71:26) 00:06:41.769 --> 00:06:46.060 "And he will mention to them the mistakes he committed," 00:06:46.060 --> 00:06:50.060 meaning: Abraham (peace be upon him) mentions his three equivocal statements: 00:06:50.060 --> 00:06:52.060 namely, his saying, 00:06:52.060 --> 00:06:54.060 "Rather, this biggest one of them did it," 00:06:54.060 --> 00:06:56.060 regarding the smashing of the idols; 00:06:56.060 --> 00:06:58.060 and his saying to his wife, 00:06:58.060 --> 00:07:00.060 "I am your brother"; 00:07:00.060 --> 00:07:01.060 and his saying, 00:07:01.060 --> 00:07:03.060 "Indeed, I am sick." 00:07:03.060 --> 00:07:07.569 "And he will mention to them the mistake he committed," 00:07:07.569 --> 00:07:11.569 meaning: Moses (peace be upon him) mentions his killing of the Copt. 00:07:11.569 --> 00:07:13.819 "And His Word," 00:07:13.819 --> 00:07:16.819 meaning: a word that Allah spoke, 00:07:16.819 --> 00:07:18.819 by which Jesus came into being; 00:07:18.819 --> 00:07:20.819 he was not that word itself, 00:07:20.819 --> 00:07:22.819 but rather came to be through it. 00:07:22.819 --> 00:07:24.920 "And a spirit from Him," 00:07:24.920 --> 00:07:27.920 meaning: one of the spirits that He created and perfected 00:07:27.920 --> 00:07:31.920 with noble attributes and consummate character. 00:07:31.920 --> 00:07:34.209 "I will fall down in prostration before Him," 00:07:34.209 --> 00:07:39.209 meaning: he (peace be upon him) will drop down prostrating. 00:07:39.209 --> 00:07:43.589 "And He will leave me as long as Allah wills to leave me," 00:07:43.589 --> 00:07:48.589 meaning: Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, will leave him in prostration for as long as He decrees. 00:07:48.589 --> 00:07:50.910 "He will set a limit for me," 00:07:50.910 --> 00:07:56.910 meaning: He will specify for me in each stage of intercession a defined group, 00:07:56.910 --> 00:07:59.910 at which I must stop and not exceed. 00:07:59.910 --> 00:08:04.170 "No one remains in the Fire except those whom the Qur'an has detained," 00:08:04.170 --> 00:08:08.170 meaning: those whom the Qur'an has informed will abide therein eternally. 00:08:08.170 --> 00:08:12.170 "Of goodness," meaning: of faith. 00:08:12.170 --> 00:08:14.170 "Equals the weight of a barley grain": 00:08:14.170 --> 00:08:17.170 barley is the well-known grain. 00:08:17.170 --> 00:08:19.420 "Equals the weight of a wheat grain," 00:08:19.420 --> 00:08:21.680 meaning: a single grain of wheat. 00:08:21.680 --> 00:08:22.680 "An atom (dharrah)," 00:08:22.680 --> 00:08:25.680 meaning: the smallest measurable entity; 00:08:25.680 --> 00:08:26.680 and it has been said: 00:08:26.680 --> 00:08:30.680 the fine dust particles visible in a beam of sunlight, 00:08:30.680 --> 00:08:32.679 akin to the tips of needles. 00:08:36.990 --> 00:08:37.990 First: 00:08:37.990 --> 00:08:43.090 faith increases with obedience and decreases with disobedience. 00:08:43.090 --> 00:08:44.090 Second: 00:08:44.090 --> 00:08:48.309 affirming the divine attribute of the Hand for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 00:08:48.309 --> 00:08:49.309 Third: 00:08:49.309 --> 00:08:53.570 affirming the attribute of knowledge for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 00:08:53.570 --> 00:08:54.570 Fourth: 00:08:54.570 --> 00:09:00.570 the prophets possess special distinctions with which Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, uniquely favored them; 00:09:00.570 --> 00:09:04.570 Adam (peace be upon him) was singled out by the angels prostrating to him, 00:09:04.570 --> 00:09:07.789 among other special distinctions. 00:09:07.789 --> 00:09:08.789 Fifth: 00:09:08.789 --> 00:09:15.789 Noah (peace be upon him) was made the first messenger among those He sent after the Flood. 00:09:15.789 --> 00:09:17.950 Sixth: 00:09:17.950 --> 00:09:21.950 taking Abraham (peace be upon him) as an Intimate Friend. 00:09:21.950 --> 00:09:23.049 Seventh: 00:09:23.049 --> 00:09:27.049 Allah speaking directly to Moses (peace be upon him). 00:09:27.049 --> 00:09:29.240 Eighth: 00:09:29.240 --> 00:09:33.429 affirming the divine attribute of speech for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. 00:09:33.429 --> 00:09:34.429 Ninth: 00:09:34.429 --> 00:09:39.429 The affirmation of the intercession for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:09:39.429 --> 00:09:42.690 which is the Praiseworthy Station (al-Maqam al-Mahmud). 00:09:42.690 --> 00:09:43.690 Tenth: 00:09:43.690 --> 00:09:49.690 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was exclusively granted multiple forms of intercession. 00:09:49.690 --> 00:09:53.690 The first of these is the intercession in the plains of the Day of Resurrection, 00:09:53.690 --> 00:09:56.690 to relieve all the people gathered at the Standing from its terrors, 00:09:56.690 --> 00:09:58.690 as mentioned at the beginning of the hadith. 00:09:58.690 --> 00:10:01.690 Among them is also the intercession to rescue people from the Fire, 00:10:01.690 --> 00:10:03.690 as mentioned at the end of the hadith. 00:10:03.690 --> 00:10:05.779 Eleventh: 00:10:05.779 --> 00:10:12.779 The hadith establishes the Prophet's intercession for the perpetrators of major sins among his Ummah. 00:10:12.779 --> 00:10:14.940 Twelfth: 00:10:14.940 --> 00:10:18.940 Demonstrating the virtue of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:10:18.940 --> 00:10:23.100 and his compassion toward his Ummah and all other nations. 00:10:23.100 --> 00:10:25.100 Thirteenth: 00:10:25.100 --> 00:10:30.100 The hadith indicates that a group of disobedient monotheists will enter the Fire. 00:10:30.100 --> 00:10:32.389 Fourteenth: 00:10:32.389 --> 00:10:35.389 Those who commit major sins among the monotheists 00:10:35.389 --> 00:10:40.419 do not become disbelievers by committing them, nor will they abide eternally in the Fire. 00:10:40.419 --> 00:10:42.419 Fifteenth: 00:10:42.419 --> 00:10:47.649 The hadith provides evidence for the requirement of pronouncing the two testimonies of faith. 00:10:47.649 --> 00:10:49.649 Sixteenth: 00:10:49.649 --> 00:10:52.740 The affirmation of varying degrees of excellence among the people of faith. 00:10:52.740 --> 00:10:54.740 Seventeenth: 00:10:54.740 --> 00:10:55.740 In summary, 00:10:55.740 --> 00:11:03.659 this hadith is among the comprehensive foundations encompassing many matters of creed. 00:11:03.659 --> 00:11:05.659 On the authority of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, 00:11:05.659 --> 00:11:08.659 a Jewish man said to him: 00:11:08.659 --> 00:11:11.659 "O Commander of the Faithful, 00:11:11.659 --> 00:11:14.659 there is a verse in your Book that you recite; 00:11:14.659 --> 00:11:17.659 had it been revealed to us, the community of Jews, 00:11:17.659 --> 00:11:21.759 we would have taken that day as a festival." 00:11:21.759 --> 00:11:22.759 He asked: 00:11:22.759 --> 00:11:24.889 "Which verse?" 00:11:24.889 --> 00:11:25.889 The man said: 00:11:25.889 --> 00:11:28.889 “Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3) 00:11:28.889 --> 00:11:31.889 "'...and I have perfected My favor upon you...'" 00:11:31.889 --> 00:11:34.889 “Forbidden unto you (for food) are carrion and blood and swineflesh, and that which hath been dedicated unto any other than Allah, and the strangled, and the dead through beating, and the dead through falling from a height, and that which hath been killed by (the goring of) horns, and the devoured of wild beasts, saving that which ye make lawful (by the death-stroke), and that which hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve in despair of (ever harming) your religion; so fear them not, fear Me! This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favour unto you, and have chosen for you as religion al-Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (5:3) 00:11:34.889 --> 00:11:37.019 'Umar said: 00:11:37.019 --> 00:11:39.019 "We know well that day 00:11:39.019 --> 00:11:45.019 and the place in which it was revealed to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him: 00:11:45.019 --> 00:11:49.690 while he was standing at 'Arafah on a Friday." 00:11:49.690 --> 00:11:53.299 Commentary on the hadith: 00:11:53.299 --> 00:11:54.299 "A man" 00:11:54.299 --> 00:11:57.549 refers to Ka'b al-Ahbar. 00:11:57.549 --> 00:12:00.549 "We would have taken that day as a festival," 00:12:00.549 --> 00:12:04.549 meaning: we would have venerated it and made it an annual festival for ourselves, 00:12:04.549 --> 00:12:08.549 owing to the magnificence of what occurred therein of the perfection of the religion. 00:12:08.549 --> 00:12:12.870 "We know well that day and the place in which it was revealed" 00:12:12.870 --> 00:12:13.870 means: 00:12:13.870 --> 00:12:16.870 we did not neglect this matter, 00:12:16.870 --> 00:12:20.870 nor are the time and place of its revelation hidden from us, 00:12:20.870 --> 00:12:24.870 nor did we abandon venerating that day and place. 00:12:24.870 --> 00:12:28.059 "At 'Arafah on a Friday": 00:12:28.059 --> 00:12:31.059 it was a day in which two distinct virtues and honors converged, 00:12:31.059 --> 00:12:34.769 thereby increasing its veneration. 00:12:34.769 --> 00:12:38.789 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:12:38.789 --> 00:12:39.789 First: 00:12:39.789 --> 00:12:40.789 The hadith contains 00:12:40.789 --> 00:12:47.789 a reminder of what Allah, Glorified be He, bestowed upon the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:12:47.789 --> 00:12:49.789 by way of the perfection of the religion. 00:12:49.789 --> 00:12:51.080 Second: 00:12:51.080 --> 00:12:59.080 It provides evidence that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, perfected the religion during the lifetime of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him; 00:12:59.080 --> 00:13:02.080 hence, it does not need completion, 00:13:02.080 --> 00:13:05.080 nor can anything previously non-existent be innovated into it, 00:13:05.080 --> 00:13:08.080 nor can anything unknown be introduced into it. 00:13:08.080 --> 00:13:10.399 Third: 00:13:10.399 --> 00:13:13.399 The perfection of favor is realized by entering Paradise, 00:13:13.399 --> 00:13:16.399 which constitutes tremendous glad tidings. 00:13:16.399 --> 00:13:17.590 Fourth: 00:13:17.590 --> 00:13:22.590 An illustration of the Jews' envy toward the Muslims over this blessing. 00:13:22.590 --> 00:13:24.779 Fifth: 00:13:24.779 --> 00:13:28.779 The verse provides evidence for the increase and decrease of faith; 00:13:28.779 --> 00:13:32.779 for the perfection of the religion is attained only through the completion of the Sharia, 00:13:32.779 --> 00:13:34.779 and the conception of perfection 00:13:34.779 --> 00:13:37.779 inherently necessitates the conception of deficiency. 00:13:37.779 --> 00:13:38.779 Chapter: 00:13:38.779 --> 00:13:43.860 Zakat is Part of Islam. 00:13:43.860 --> 00:13:47.340 On the authority of Talhah ibn 'Ubaydullah, who said: 00:13:47.340 --> 00:13:52.379 A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:13:52.379 --> 00:13:54.379 from the people of Najd, 00:13:54.379 --> 00:13:56.379 with disheveled hair. 00:13:56.379 --> 00:13:58.379 The drone of his voice could be heard, 00:13:58.379 --> 00:14:00.379 but what he was saying could not be understood, 00:14:00.379 --> 00:14:02.379 until he drew close, 00:14:02.379 --> 00:14:05.379 and behold, he was asking about Islam. 00:14:05.379 --> 00:14:09.379 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:14:09.379 --> 00:14:13.379 "Five prayers during the day and night." 00:14:13.379 --> 00:14:14.440 He said: 00:14:14.440 --> 00:14:17.440 "Do I owe any other besides them?" 00:14:17.440 --> 00:14:18.440 He replied: "No, 00:14:18.440 --> 00:14:21.440 unless you perform voluntary prayers." 00:14:21.440 --> 00:14:24.600 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:14:24.600 --> 00:14:27.600 "And fasting the month of Ramadan." 00:14:27.600 --> 00:14:28.659 He said: 00:14:28.659 --> 00:14:29.659 He asked: 00:14:29.659 --> 00:14:31.659 "Do I owe any other besides it?" 00:14:31.659 --> 00:14:32.659 He replied: "No, 00:14:32.659 --> 00:14:35.659 unless you fast voluntarily." 00:14:35.659 --> 00:14:36.820 He said: 00:14:36.820 --> 00:14:41.820 And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, mentioned zakat to him. 00:14:41.820 --> 00:14:42.980 He asked: 00:14:42.980 --> 00:14:45.980 "Do I owe any other besides it?" 00:14:45.980 --> 00:14:46.980 He replied: "No, 00:14:46.980 --> 00:14:49.980 unless you give voluntary charity." 00:14:49.980 --> 00:14:51.210 He said: 00:14:51.210 --> 00:14:54.210 The man turned back, saying: 00:14:54.210 --> 00:14:59.210 "By Allah, I will neither add to this nor detract from it." 00:14:59.210 --> 00:15:03.340 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:15:03.340 --> 00:15:06.500 "He has succeeded if he was truthful." 00:15:06.500 --> 00:15:08.529 And in another narration: 00:15:08.529 --> 00:15:11.529 "He will enter Paradise if he was truthful." 00:15:11.529 --> 00:15:16.220 Commentary on the hadith: 00:15:16.220 --> 00:15:18.220 "Zakat is part of Islam," 00:15:18.220 --> 00:15:22.220 meaning that zakat is one of the branches of faith. 00:15:22.220 --> 00:15:24.480 "A man came": 00:15:24.480 --> 00:15:27.669 it is said that he was Dimam ibn Tha'labah. 00:15:27.669 --> 00:15:29.669 "With disheveled hair," 00:15:29.669 --> 00:15:34.019 meaning his hair was unkempt due to forsaking luxury. 00:15:34.019 --> 00:15:37.019 "The drone of his voice could be heard, but what he was saying could not be understood," 00:15:37.019 --> 00:15:41.019 meaning a loud, indistinct sound was heard, 00:15:41.019 --> 00:15:43.250 but its meaning was not comprehended. 00:15:43.250 --> 00:15:44.250 "And behold": 00:15:44.250 --> 00:15:46.379 the particle indicates suddenness. 00:15:46.379 --> 00:15:48.379 "About Islam," 00:15:48.379 --> 00:15:50.409 meaning about its prescribed laws. 00:15:50.409 --> 00:15:52.409 "Unless you perform voluntary acts": 00:15:52.409 --> 00:15:55.409 tatawwu' refers to supererogatory deeds. 00:15:55.600 --> 00:15:59.600 "By Allah, I will neither add to this nor detract from it," 00:15:59.600 --> 00:16:01.600 meaning regarding the obligatory duties. 00:16:01.600 --> 00:16:02.919 "He has succeeded": 00:16:02.919 --> 00:16:05.919 falah denotes triumph and lasting prosperity. 00:16:05.919 --> 00:16:07.919 "The man succeeded" 00:16:07.919 --> 00:16:11.919 means he attained what he sought and acquired good. 00:16:11.919 --> 00:16:15.340 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:16:15.340 --> 00:16:17.259 First: 00:16:17.259 --> 00:16:19.259 Among the prescribed rites of Islam 00:16:19.259 --> 00:16:22.259 are prayer, zakat, and fasting, 00:16:22.259 --> 00:16:25.549 and they are branches of faith. 00:16:25.549 --> 00:16:26.549 Second: 00:16:26.549 --> 00:16:28.549 The five daily prayers 00:16:28.549 --> 00:16:30.549 are obligatory upon every legally responsible person 00:16:30.549 --> 00:16:33.970 each day and night. 00:16:33.970 --> 00:16:34.970 Third: 00:16:34.970 --> 00:16:40.970 It is permissible to swear by Allah Almighty without being asked to swear and without absolute necessity, 00:16:40.970 --> 00:16:44.970 because the man swore an oath in the presence of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:16:44.970 --> 00:16:46.970 without his disapproval. 00:16:46.970 --> 00:16:49.259 Fourth: 00:16:49.259 --> 00:16:52.259 If a person succeeds merely by confining himself to obligatory deeds, 00:16:52.259 --> 00:16:56.259 then his success by combining recommended deeds with obligatory ones is even more assured. 00:16:58.759 --> 00:16:59.759 Chapter: 00:16:59.759 --> 00:17:02.759 Following Funeral Processions is Part of Faith. 00:17:02.759 --> 00:17:05.109 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 00:17:05.109 --> 00:17:09.109 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:17:09.109 --> 00:17:14.180 "Whoever follows the funeral procession of a Muslim out of faith and anticipation of Allah's reward, 00:17:14.180 --> 00:17:19.180 and remains with it until the funeral prayer is offered and the burial is completed, 00:17:19.180 --> 00:17:23.180 will return with a reward of two qirats, 00:17:23.180 --> 00:17:26.180 each qirat being like the mountain of Uhud. 00:17:26.180 --> 00:17:31.269 And whoever prays over the deceased and then leaves before the burial, 00:17:31.269 --> 00:17:34.269 will return with one qirat." 00:17:34.269 --> 00:17:38.259 Commentary on the hadith: 00:17:38.259 --> 00:17:42.029 "Following funeral processions is part of faith," 00:17:42.029 --> 00:17:46.029 meaning that following funeral processions is one of the branches of faith. 00:17:46.029 --> 00:17:48.450 "Whoever follows," 00:17:48.450 --> 00:17:50.450 meaning walks along with it and attends it. 00:17:50.450 --> 00:17:52.579 "A funeral procession" (janazah): 00:17:52.579 --> 00:17:56.579 janazah is a term applied to both the deceased and the bier. 00:17:56.579 --> 00:17:58.930 "Out of faith and anticipation of reward," 00:17:58.930 --> 00:18:02.930 meaning seeking the countenance of Allah Almighty through following it, 00:18:02.930 --> 00:18:06.930 and affirming the virtue of following funeral processions. 00:18:06.930 --> 00:18:09.250 "With two qirats": 00:18:09.250 --> 00:18:12.250 a qirat is a term denoting a designated measure of reward, 00:18:12.250 --> 00:18:15.250 which may refer to a lesser or greater amount. 00:18:15.250 --> 00:18:17.539 "Like Uhud": 00:18:17.539 --> 00:18:19.539 Uhud was specifically mentioned 00:18:19.539 --> 00:18:21.539 because it is the greatest mountain in Medina, 00:18:21.539 --> 00:18:23.539 and the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:18:23.539 --> 00:18:25.539 loved it, 00:18:25.539 --> 00:18:27.539 and it loved him. 00:18:27.539 --> 00:18:30.660 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:18:30.660 --> 00:18:33.460 First: 00:18:33.460 --> 00:18:35.460 The encouragement to offer the funeral prayer over the deceased, 00:18:35.460 --> 00:18:37.460 to follow his funeral procession, 00:18:37.460 --> 00:18:39.460 and to attend his burial. 00:18:39.460 --> 00:18:41.579 Second: 00:18:41.579 --> 00:18:43.579 Highlighting the greatness of the reward for the funeral prayer 00:18:43.579 --> 00:18:45.579 and attending the burial. 00:18:45.579 --> 00:18:47.579 Third: 00:18:47.579 --> 00:18:49.579 The hadith indicates that 00:18:49.579 --> 00:18:51.579 the aforementioned reward 00:18:51.579 --> 00:18:53.579 is attained only by the one who follows it 00:18:53.579 --> 00:18:55.579 out of faith and anticipation of reward; 00:18:55.579 --> 00:18:57.579 for attending it falls into three 00:18:57.579 --> 00:18:59.579 categories: 00:18:59.579 --> 00:19:01.579 seeking Allah's reward, reciprocating a favor, 00:19:01.579 --> 00:19:04.000 or out of social apprehension. 00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:06.000 Fourth: 00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:08.000 Demonstrating the vastness of the bounty of Allah Almighty. 00:19:08.000 --> 00:19:11.980 Chapter: A Believer's Fear 00:19:11.980 --> 00:19:13.980 lest his good deeds become nullified 00:19:13.980 --> 00:19:16.910 while he is unaware. 00:19:16.910 --> 00:19:18.910 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, 00:19:18.910 --> 00:19:20.910 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:19:20.910 --> 00:19:22.910 said: 00:19:22.910 --> 00:19:24.940 "Reviling a Muslim is an act of wickedness, 00:19:24.940 --> 00:19:26.940 and fighting him is an act of disbelief." 00:19:26.940 --> 00:19:29.460 Commentary 00:19:29.460 --> 00:19:31.460 on the hadith: 00:19:31.460 --> 00:19:34.029 "Lest his good deeds become nullified," 00:19:34.029 --> 00:19:36.029 meaning that he is deprived of the reward for his deeds, 00:19:36.029 --> 00:19:38.029 because one is not rewarded 00:19:38.029 --> 00:19:40.029 except for that which was done with sincere devotion. 00:19:40.029 --> 00:19:42.319 "Reviling" (sibab): 00:19:42.319 --> 00:19:44.319 Insulting, which means 00:19:44.319 --> 00:19:46.319 cursing and maligning someone's honor 00:19:46.319 --> 00:19:48.640 with disparaging remarks. 00:19:48.640 --> 00:19:50.640 "An act of wickedness" (fusuq): wicked disobedience (fisq) 00:19:50.640 --> 00:19:53.279 is straying beyond the bounds of obedience. 00:19:53.279 --> 00:19:55.279 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:19:55.279 --> 00:19:58.109 First, 00:19:58.109 --> 00:20:00.109 the sacred prohibition against reviling a Muslim, 00:20:00.109 --> 00:20:02.109 and that whoever does so is guilty of wickedness. 00:20:02.109 --> 00:20:04.180 Second, 00:20:04.180 --> 00:20:06.180 the inviolability of a Muslim's blood, 00:20:06.180 --> 00:20:08.180 and that killing him is among the major sins. 00:20:08.180 --> 00:20:10.269 Third, 00:20:10.269 --> 00:20:12.269 in the hadith there is a refutation of the Murji'ah 00:20:12.269 --> 00:20:14.269 in their claim 00:20:14.269 --> 00:20:16.269 that no deed can ever be nullified 00:20:16.269 --> 00:20:18.269 by any sin, 00:20:18.269 --> 00:20:20.269 and that the faith of the disobedient and the obedient 00:20:20.269 --> 00:20:24.319 are entirely equal. 00:20:24.319 --> 00:20:26.319 On the authority of 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit, 00:20:26.319 --> 00:20:28.319 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:20:28.319 --> 00:20:30.319 came out to inform the people 00:20:30.319 --> 00:20:32.319 of the exact date of Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree), 00:20:32.319 --> 00:20:34.319 but two Muslim men were quarreling. 00:20:34.319 --> 00:20:36.319 He said: 00:20:36.319 --> 00:20:38.319 "I came out to inform you 00:20:38.319 --> 00:20:40.319 of the Night of Decree, 00:20:40.319 --> 00:20:42.319 but so-and-so and so-and-so 00:20:42.319 --> 00:20:44.319 were quarreling, 00:20:44.319 --> 00:20:46.319 so the specific knowledge of it was taken away; 00:20:46.319 --> 00:20:48.319 yet that may well be better for you. 00:20:48.319 --> 00:20:50.319 Seek it, then, 00:20:50.319 --> 00:20:52.319 in the seventh, the ninth, or the fifth." 00:20:52.319 --> 00:20:54.960 Commentary on the hadith: 00:20:54.960 --> 00:20:57.339 "They were quarreling," 00:20:57.339 --> 00:20:59.339 meaning they were disputing 00:20:59.339 --> 00:21:01.470 and contending with one another. 00:21:01.470 --> 00:21:03.470 "Two men": 00:21:03.470 --> 00:21:05.470 They were 'Abdullah Ibn Abi Hadrad 00:21:05.470 --> 00:21:07.470 and Ka'b Ibn Malik 00:21:07.470 --> 00:21:09.539 (may Allah be pleased with them both). 00:21:09.539 --> 00:21:11.539 "It was taken away," 00:21:11.539 --> 00:21:13.539 meaning the explicit disclosure and designation of it was lifted; 00:21:13.539 --> 00:21:15.539 otherwise, the night itself remains 00:21:15.539 --> 00:21:17.539 until the Day of Resurrection, 00:21:17.539 --> 00:21:19.539 as evidenced by his saying (peace be upon him): 00:21:19.539 --> 00:21:21.539 "Seek it." 00:21:21.539 --> 00:21:23.859 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:21:23.859 --> 00:21:25.859 First, 00:21:25.859 --> 00:21:28.910 the blameworthiness of quarreling and contention, 00:21:28.910 --> 00:21:30.910 and that they are 00:21:30.910 --> 00:21:32.910 a cause for general deprivation falling upon the public 00:21:32.910 --> 00:21:34.910 due to the sin of specific individuals. 00:21:34.910 --> 00:21:37.099 Second, 00:21:37.099 --> 00:21:39.099 any gathering in which Satan is present 00:21:39.099 --> 00:21:41.099 has blessing and goodness 00:21:41.099 --> 00:21:43.230 lifted away from it. 00:21:43.230 --> 00:21:45.230 Third, 00:21:45.230 --> 00:21:47.230 in withholding the exact designation of the Night of Decree 00:21:47.230 --> 00:21:49.230 lies an anticipated good, 00:21:49.230 --> 00:21:51.230 as it yields greater reward 00:21:51.230 --> 00:21:53.230 by serving as an incentive to increase 00:21:53.230 --> 00:21:55.230 one's striving in seeking it out. 00:21:55.230 --> 00:21:57.299 Fourth, 00:21:57.299 --> 00:21:59.299 the hadith contains 00:21:59.299 --> 00:22:01.299 an indication of the immense danger 00:22:01.299 --> 00:22:03.490 of division and discord. 00:22:03.490 --> 00:22:05.490 Fifth, 00:22:05.490 --> 00:22:07.490 it guides a person to scrutinize 00:22:07.490 --> 00:22:09.490 his actions and safeguard them from anything 00:22:09.490 --> 00:22:12.960 that invalidates them. 00:22:12.960 --> 00:22:14.960 Chapter: Gabriel's Questioning of the Prophet 00:22:14.960 --> 00:22:16.960 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:22:16.960 --> 00:22:18.960 Concerning Faith (Iman), Islam, 00:22:18.960 --> 00:22:20.960 and Excellence (Ihsan). 00:22:20.960 --> 00:22:23.500 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah 00:22:23.500 --> 00:22:25.500 (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:22:25.500 --> 00:22:27.500 One day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:22:27.500 --> 00:22:29.500 was sitting 00:22:29.500 --> 00:22:31.500 openly before the people, 00:22:31.500 --> 00:22:33.500 when a man approached him, 00:22:33.500 --> 00:22:35.500 walking on foot, 00:22:35.500 --> 00:22:37.500 and said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:22:37.500 --> 00:22:39.500 what is faith?" 00:22:39.500 --> 00:22:41.500 He replied, "Faith 00:22:41.500 --> 00:22:43.500 is to believe in Allah, His angels, 00:22:43.500 --> 00:22:45.500 His Messengers, 00:22:45.500 --> 00:22:47.500 the meeting with Him, 00:22:47.500 --> 00:22:49.599 and to believe in the Final Resurrection." 00:22:49.599 --> 00:22:51.599 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:22:51.599 --> 00:22:53.599 what is Islam?" 00:22:53.599 --> 00:22:55.599 He replied, 00:22:55.599 --> 00:22:57.599 "Islam is to worship Allah 00:22:57.599 --> 00:22:59.599 and associate nothing with Him, 00:22:59.599 --> 00:23:01.599 to establish prayer, 00:23:01.599 --> 00:23:03.599 to pay the obligatory 00:23:03.599 --> 00:23:05.599 zakat, and to fast 00:23:05.599 --> 00:23:07.630 Ramadan." 00:23:07.630 --> 00:23:09.630 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:23:09.630 --> 00:23:11.630 what is excellence?" 00:23:11.630 --> 00:23:13.630 He replied, "Excellence 00:23:13.630 --> 00:23:15.630 is to worship Allah as though you 00:23:15.630 --> 00:23:17.630 see Him, and if 00:23:17.630 --> 00:23:19.630 you do not see Him, then truly 00:23:19.630 --> 00:23:21.859 He sees you." 00:23:21.859 --> 00:23:23.859 He asked, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:23:23.859 --> 00:23:25.920 when is the Hour?" 00:23:25.920 --> 00:23:27.920 He replied, "The one questioned 00:23:27.920 --> 00:23:29.920 about it knows no better than the questioner. 00:23:29.920 --> 00:23:31.920 However, 00:23:31.920 --> 00:23:33.920 I will inform you of its portents: 00:23:33.920 --> 00:23:35.980 when the female slave gives birth 00:23:35.980 --> 00:23:37.980 to her mistress, 00:23:37.980 --> 00:23:39.980 that is among its portents; 00:23:39.980 --> 00:23:41.980 and when the barefoot, 00:23:41.980 --> 00:23:43.980 naked ones become the leaders of the people." 00:23:43.980 --> 00:23:45.980 And in another narration: 00:23:45.980 --> 00:23:47.980 "When the female slave gives birth to her master; 00:23:47.980 --> 00:23:49.980 and when the destitute shepherds 00:23:49.980 --> 00:23:51.980 of black camels vie with one another 00:23:51.980 --> 00:23:53.980 in building lofty structures— 00:23:53.980 --> 00:23:55.980 that is among its portents. 00:23:55.980 --> 00:23:57.980 It is among five things that none knows 00:23:57.980 --> 00:24:00.109 except Allah: 00:24:00.109 --> 00:24:02.109 ◁Indeed, Allah alone possesses 00:24:02.109 --> 00:24:04.109 knowledge of the Hour, and sends down 00:24:04.109 --> 00:24:06.109 the rain, and knows 00:24:06.109 --> 00:24:08.430 what is in the wombs...▷" 00:24:08.430 --> 00:24:10.430 Then the man turned away and left. 00:24:10.430 --> 00:24:12.430 The Prophet said, 00:24:12.430 --> 00:24:14.430 "Bring him back to me!" 00:24:14.430 --> 00:24:16.430 They went to bring him back, 00:24:16.430 --> 00:24:18.500 but they could see nothing. 00:24:18.500 --> 00:24:20.500 Thereupon he said, 00:24:20.500 --> 00:24:22.500 "That was Gabriel; 00:24:22.500 --> 00:24:24.500 he came to teach the people 00:24:24.500 --> 00:24:27.579 their religion." 00:24:27.579 --> 00:24:30.099 Commentary on the hadith: 00:24:30.099 --> 00:24:32.099 The hadith of Gabriel 00:24:32.099 --> 00:24:34.450 is called the core foundation of the Sunnah. 00:24:34.450 --> 00:24:36.450 "Openly," 00:24:36.450 --> 00:24:38.450 meaning visible to them, seated in their company. 00:24:38.450 --> 00:24:40.740 "The Final Resurrection": 00:24:40.740 --> 00:24:42.740 a person's birth 00:24:42.740 --> 00:24:44.740 is a emergence from the womb, 00:24:44.740 --> 00:24:46.740 and their gathering from the grave 00:24:46.740 --> 00:24:48.740 is an emergence from the earth; 00:24:48.740 --> 00:24:50.740 thus the resurrection was specified as "the Final" 00:24:50.740 --> 00:24:52.930 to distinguish it. 00:24:52.930 --> 00:24:54.930 "To worship Allah," 00:24:54.930 --> 00:24:56.930 meaning to obey Him, devoting worship purely to Him, 00:24:56.930 --> 00:24:58.930 while following in it His Messenger 00:24:58.930 --> 00:25:00.930 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:25:00.930 --> 00:25:03.250 "And to pay zakat," 00:25:03.250 --> 00:25:05.250 meaning to distribute it 00:25:05.250 --> 00:25:07.660 to those entitled to receive it. 00:25:07.660 --> 00:25:09.660 "The Hour," 00:25:09.660 --> 00:25:11.920 meaning the Day of Resurrection. 00:25:11.920 --> 00:25:13.920 "Its portents," 00:25:13.920 --> 00:25:16.049 its signs. 00:25:16.049 --> 00:25:18.049 "Her mistress," 00:25:18.049 --> 00:25:20.299 meaning her master. 00:25:20.299 --> 00:25:22.299 "The barefoot and naked," 00:25:22.299 --> 00:25:24.299 meaning those who possess nothing. 00:25:24.299 --> 00:25:26.299 The meaning is 00:25:26.299 --> 00:25:28.299 that the impoverished and destitute 00:25:28.299 --> 00:25:30.299 will have worldly wealth opened up for them, 00:25:30.299 --> 00:25:32.299 so they will vie in constructing lofty buildings 00:25:32.299 --> 00:25:34.500 and become the leaders of mankind. 00:25:34.500 --> 00:25:36.500 "None knows them 00:25:36.500 --> 00:25:38.500 except Allah," 00:25:38.500 --> 00:25:40.619 meaning He has kept their knowledge exclusively to Himself. 00:25:40.619 --> 00:25:42.619 "That was Gabriel": 00:25:42.619 --> 00:25:44.619 angels take form 00:25:44.619 --> 00:25:46.819 in the shapes of human beings. 00:25:46.819 --> 00:25:48.819 "To teach the people their religion," 00:25:48.819 --> 00:25:50.819 meaning the foundational principles of their religion 00:25:50.819 --> 00:25:53.390 and its overarching doctrines. 00:25:53.390 --> 00:25:55.390 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:25:55.390 --> 00:25:58.190 First, 00:25:58.190 --> 00:26:00.190 regarding "Islam" and "faith": 00:26:00.190 --> 00:26:02.190 when they are mentioned together in a single hadith, 00:26:02.190 --> 00:26:04.190 Islam applies to the outward 00:26:04.190 --> 00:26:06.190 actions, 00:26:06.190 --> 00:26:08.190 while faith pertains to inward deeds. 00:26:08.190 --> 00:26:10.509 Second: 00:26:10.509 --> 00:26:12.509 spiritual excellence (ihsan) in this hadith 00:26:12.509 --> 00:26:14.509 refers to perfecting acts of worship, 00:26:14.509 --> 00:26:16.509 observing the rights of Allah, 00:26:16.509 --> 00:26:18.640 and maintaining awareness of Him. 00:26:18.640 --> 00:26:20.640 Third: 00:26:20.640 --> 00:26:22.640 urging toward total sincerity in worship 00:26:22.640 --> 00:26:24.640 and the mindful awareness of Allah Almighty 00:26:24.640 --> 00:26:26.640 across all of its forms, 00:26:26.640 --> 00:26:28.640 accompanied by humble reverence, 00:26:28.640 --> 00:26:30.640 submission, and presence of heart. 00:26:30.640 --> 00:26:32.960 Fourth: 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:34.960 part of the proper etiquette of a scholar, 00:26:34.960 --> 00:26:36.960 when asked about what he does not know, 00:26:36.960 --> 00:26:38.960 is to say: "I do not know." 00:26:38.960 --> 00:26:41.150 Fifth: 00:26:41.150 --> 00:26:43.150 the Hour has portents, 00:26:43.150 --> 00:26:45.150 some of which have already passed while others remain. 00:26:45.150 --> 00:26:47.180 Sixth: 00:26:47.180 --> 00:26:49.180 this hadith 00:26:49.180 --> 00:26:51.180 encompasses an explanation of all 00:26:51.180 --> 00:26:53.180 the duties of the religion; 00:26:53.180 --> 00:26:55.180 indeed, all disciplines of the Shariah 00:26:55.180 --> 00:26:59.390 trace back to it. 00:26:59.390 --> 00:27:01.390 Chapter: The Virtue of One Who Safeguards 00:27:02.029 --> 00:27:04.029 His Religion. 00:27:04.029 --> 00:27:06.029 On the authority of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir, who said: 00:27:06.029 --> 00:27:08.029 I heard the Messenger of Allah, 00:27:08.029 --> 00:27:10.059 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:27:10.059 --> 00:27:12.059 say: "The lawful is clear, 00:27:12.059 --> 00:27:14.059 and the unlawful is clear, 00:27:14.059 --> 00:27:16.059 and between them are doubtful matters 00:27:16.059 --> 00:27:18.059 that many 00:27:18.059 --> 00:27:20.059 of the people do not know. 00:27:20.059 --> 00:27:22.059 So whoever avoids doubtful matters 00:27:22.059 --> 00:27:24.059 safeguards his religion 00:27:24.059 --> 00:27:26.059 and his honor; 00:27:26.059 --> 00:27:28.059 and whoever falls into doubts—" 00:27:28.059 --> 00:27:30.099 In another narration: 00:27:30.099 --> 00:27:32.099 "So whoever abandons that which appears doubtful to him 00:27:32.099 --> 00:27:34.099 regarding sin 00:27:34.099 --> 00:27:36.099 will be all the more forsaking of what is plainly sinful; 00:27:36.099 --> 00:27:38.099 and whoever ventures into what 00:27:38.099 --> 00:27:40.099 he suspects to be a sin 00:27:40.099 --> 00:27:42.099 is on the verge of committing 00:27:42.099 --> 00:27:44.099 what is plainly forbidden." 00:27:44.099 --> 00:27:46.480 And sins are the sanctuary of Allah; 00:27:46.480 --> 00:27:48.480 "like a shepherd who grazes his flock around 00:27:48.480 --> 00:27:50.480 a private pasture, nearly 00:27:50.480 --> 00:27:52.740 encroaching upon it. 00:27:52.740 --> 00:27:54.740 Truly, every king possesses 00:27:54.740 --> 00:27:56.799 a sanctuary, and indeed 00:27:56.799 --> 00:27:58.799 the sanctuary of Allah on His earth 00:27:58.799 --> 00:28:01.089 is His prohibitions. Truly, 00:28:01.089 --> 00:28:03.089 in the body there is a lump of flesh: 00:28:03.089 --> 00:28:05.089 if it is sound, 00:28:05.089 --> 00:28:07.089 the entire body is sound; 00:28:07.089 --> 00:28:09.089 and if it is corrupt, 00:28:09.089 --> 00:28:11.220 the entirety of it is corrupt. 00:28:11.220 --> 00:28:14.049 Truly, it is the heart." 00:28:14.049 --> 00:28:16.049 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:28:16.049 --> 00:28:18.819 "Clear" 00:28:18.819 --> 00:28:21.009 means beyond doubt. 00:28:21.009 --> 00:28:23.009 "Doubtful matters" 00:28:23.009 --> 00:28:25.069 means obscure or ambiguous issues 00:28:25.069 --> 00:28:27.069 unknown to many people, 00:28:27.069 --> 00:28:29.069 though the scholars 00:28:29.069 --> 00:28:31.140 recognize them. 00:28:31.140 --> 00:28:33.140 "Avoids" 00:28:33.140 --> 00:28:35.170 means stays clear of. 00:28:35.170 --> 00:28:37.170 "Safeguards his religion and his honor" 00:28:37.170 --> 00:28:39.170 means his religion remains safe from anything that impairs 00:28:39.170 --> 00:28:41.170 or diminishes it, 00:28:41.170 --> 00:28:43.170 and his honor remains safe from anything that dishonors it. 00:28:43.170 --> 00:28:45.420 "Nearly" 00:28:45.420 --> 00:28:47.490 means comes close to. 00:28:47.490 --> 00:28:49.490 "Encroaching upon it" 00:28:49.490 --> 00:28:51.710 means falling into it. 00:28:51.710 --> 00:28:53.710 "A private pasture" refers to lands 00:28:53.710 --> 00:28:55.710 preserved exclusively by rulers, 00:28:55.710 --> 00:28:57.710 designated as pastures for their own livestock, 00:28:57.710 --> 00:28:59.710 around which they threaten anyone who nears them. 00:28:59.710 --> 00:29:01.970 "His prohibitions" 00:29:01.970 --> 00:29:03.970 are those matters that the Law has expressly established 00:29:03.970 --> 00:29:06.130 as forbidden. 00:29:06.130 --> 00:29:08.130 "A lump of flesh" 00:29:08.130 --> 00:29:10.740 denotes a piece of meat. 00:29:10.740 --> 00:29:12.740 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 00:29:12.740 --> 00:29:15.440 First: 00:29:15.440 --> 00:29:17.440 the hadith encompasses 00:29:17.440 --> 00:29:19.440 the rulings of the lawful, the unlawful, 00:29:19.440 --> 00:29:21.440 and ambiguous matters, 00:29:21.440 --> 00:29:23.440 along with what rectifies hearts and what corrupts them, 00:29:23.440 --> 00:29:25.440 and the direct dependence 00:29:25.440 --> 00:29:27.660 of physical actions upon them. 00:29:27.660 --> 00:29:29.660 Second: 00:29:29.660 --> 00:29:31.660 it is incumbent upon every legally accountable person 00:29:31.660 --> 00:29:33.660 to exert full effort in rectifying his heart 00:29:33.660 --> 00:29:35.660 and guiding the soul 00:29:35.660 --> 00:29:37.660 toward noble character, 00:29:37.660 --> 00:29:39.660 so as to achieve the purity of his heart 00:29:39.660 --> 00:29:41.660 and its righteousness.