1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:08,039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:12,740 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 4 00:00:14,189 --> 00:00:16,550 Surah al-A'raf. 5 00:00:17,899 --> 00:00:22,699 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:23,289 --> 00:00:32,810 “The chieftains of his people, who were scornful, said: Surely we will drive thee out, O Shu'eyb, and those who believe with thee, from our township, unless ye return to our religion. He said: Even though we hate it?” (7:88) 7 00:00:33,130 --> 00:00:41,170 “The chieftains of his people, who were scornful, said: Surely we will drive thee out, O Shu'eyb, and those who believe with thee, from our township, unless ye return to our religion. He said: Even though we hate it?” (7:88) 8 00:00:41,170 --> 00:00:48,369 Or you must return to our creed. 9 00:00:48,729 --> 00:00:53,210 “The chieftains of his people, who were scornful, said: Surely we will drive thee out, O Shu'eyb, and those who believe with thee, from our township, unless ye return to our religion. He said: Even though we hate it?” (7:88) 10 00:00:54,609 --> 00:00:59,329 The group of men who were too arrogant to believe in Allah said: 11 00:00:59,810 --> 00:01:03,929 "We will surely drive you out, O Shu'ayb, and those who believe with you, from our town." 12 00:01:04,290 --> 00:01:07,170 "Or you must return to our religion." 13 00:01:07,769 --> 00:01:09,730 Shu'ayb replied to them: 14 00:01:10,250 --> 00:01:14,689 "Will you drive us out of your town and turn us away from the path of Allah?" 15 00:01:15,090 --> 00:01:17,569 "Even though we are averse to that." 16 00:01:18,930 --> 00:01:24,730 “We should have invented a lie against Allah if we returned to your religion after Allah hath rescued us from it. It is not for us to return to it unless Allah our Lord should (so) will. Our Lord comprehendeth all things in knowledge. In Allah do we put our trust. Our Lord! Decide with truth between us and our folk, for Thou art the best of those who make decision.” (7:89) 17 00:01:25,129 --> 00:01:32,049 “We should have invented a lie against Allah if we returned to your religion after Allah hath rescued us from it. It is not for us to return to it unless Allah our Lord should (so) will. Our Lord comprehendeth all things in knowledge. In Allah do we put our trust. Our Lord! Decide with truth between us and our folk, for Thou art the best of those who make decision.” (7:89) 18 00:01:32,569 --> 00:01:42,209 “We should have invented a lie against Allah if we returned to your religion after Allah hath rescued us from it. It is not for us to return to it unless Allah our Lord should (so) will. Our Lord comprehendeth all things in knowledge. In Allah do we put our trust. Our Lord! Decide with truth between us and our folk, for Thou art the best of those who make decision.” (7:89) 19 00:01:42,689 --> 00:01:46,730 “We should have invented a lie against Allah if we returned to your religion after Allah hath rescued us from it. It is not for us to return to it unless Allah our Lord should (so) will. Our Lord comprehendeth all things in knowledge. In Allah do we put our trust. Our Lord! Decide with truth between us and our folk, for Thou art the best of those who make decision.” (7:89) 20 00:01:47,209 --> 00:01:50,090 In Allah we have placed our trust. 21 00:01:50,530 --> 00:01:59,409 “We should have invented a lie against Allah if we returned to your religion after Allah hath rescued us from it. It is not for us to return to it unless Allah our Lord should (so) will. Our Lord comprehendeth all things in knowledge. In Allah do we put our trust. Our Lord! Decide with truth between us and our folk, for Thou art the best of those who make decision.” (7:89) 22 00:02:01,060 --> 00:02:05,299 We would have fabricated a lie against Allah if we were to return to your creed. 23 00:02:05,819 --> 00:02:09,379 We would be returning to it after Allah has saved us from it. 24 00:02:09,900 --> 00:02:13,860 By granting us insight into its error and the truth of the guidance we are upon. 25 00:02:14,500 --> 00:02:17,020 It is not for us to return to it. 26 00:02:17,379 --> 00:02:20,620 To adopt it as our religion and abandon the truth we are upon. 27 00:02:21,219 --> 00:02:25,900 Unless it has been previously decreed in the knowledge of Allah that we should return to it. 28 00:02:26,419 --> 00:02:29,340 For then, the decree of Allah would come to pass upon us. 29 00:02:30,020 --> 00:02:33,900 For the knowledge of our Lord encompasses all things and surrounds them. 30 00:02:34,340 --> 00:02:36,939 Nothing that has ever been is hidden from Him. 31 00:02:37,539 --> 00:02:39,939 In Allah we rely for all our affairs. 32 00:02:40,580 --> 00:02:45,539 Our Lord, judge between us and our people with Your truth, for You are the best of judges. 33 00:02:46,060 --> 00:02:48,139 And You are the best of those who judge. 34 00:02:49,819 --> 00:02:54,340 “But the chieftains of his people, who were disbelieving, said: If ye follow Shu'eyb, then truly ye shall be the losers.” (7:90) 35 00:02:54,340 --> 00:03:00,780 "If you follow Shu'ayb, you will surely be among the losers." 36 00:03:02,259 --> 00:03:06,099 The group of disbelieving men among the people of Shu'ayb said: 37 00:03:06,659 --> 00:03:11,259 "If you follow Shu'ayb in what he says regarding the oneness of Allah," 38 00:03:11,780 --> 00:03:14,219 "And adhere to his commands and prohibitions," 39 00:03:14,699 --> 00:03:19,819 "You will then be losers in your actions and destroyed by that." 40 00:03:28,919 --> 00:03:34,560 So the earthquake, which was the precursor to the punishment of Allah, seized those who disbelieved among the people of Shu'ayb. 41 00:03:35,199 --> 00:03:40,479 And they became in their homes fallen upon their knees, dead and destroyed. 42 00:03:46,199 --> 00:03:54,560 “Those who denied Shu'eyb became as though they had not dwelt there. Those who denied Shu'eyb, they were the losers.” (7:92) 43 00:03:55,990 --> 00:03:59,590 Those who denied Shu'ayb and did not believe in him were destroyed. 44 00:04:00,189 --> 00:04:05,949 He annihilated them as if they had never settled there and had never lived there at all when they perished. 45 00:04:06,750 --> 00:04:10,710 Those who denied were the losers and the destroyed. 46 00:04:12,460 --> 00:04:21,180 “So he turned from them and said: O my people! I delivered my Lord's messages unto you and gave you good advice; then how can I sorrow for a people that rejected (truth)?” (7:93) 47 00:04:21,740 --> 00:04:28,180 “So he turned from them and said: O my people! I delivered my Lord's messages unto you and gave you good advice; then how can I sorrow for a people that rejected (truth)?” (7:93) 48 00:04:29,689 --> 00:04:34,689 Shu'ayb turned away from them, leaving their midst when the punishment of Allah came upon them. 49 00:04:35,370 --> 00:04:36,970 And he said, grieving for them: 50 00:04:37,689 --> 00:04:42,569 "O my people, I have conveyed to you that which my Lord sent me with." 51 00:04:43,170 --> 00:04:48,930 "And I have advised you by commanding you to obey Allah and forbidding you from disobeying Him." 52 00:04:49,649 --> 00:04:57,209 "So how could I grieve for a people who rejected the oneness of Allah and denied His messenger, and why should I lament their destruction?" 53 00:04:58,819 --> 00:05:06,980 “And We sent no prophet unto any township but We did afflict its folk with tribulation and adversity that haply they might grow humble.” (7:94) 54 00:05:07,420 --> 00:05:18,110 “And We sent no prophet unto any township but We did afflict its folk with tribulation and adversity that haply they might grow humble.” (7:94) 55 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:28,839 We did not send a prophet to any town before you, but We afflicted its people with poverty and hardship. 56 00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:33,120 And We afflicted them with adversity in their worldly affairs. 57 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:38,360 We did that so they might humble themselves before their Lord and submit to Him. 58 00:05:38,879 --> 00:05:43,759 By abandoning their disbelief and repenting from denying their prophets. 59 00:06:00,339 --> 00:06:10,339 “Then changed We the evil plight for good till they grew affluent and said: Tribulation and distress did touch our fathers. Then We seized them unawares, when they perceived not.” (7:95) 60 00:06:12,110 --> 00:06:17,110 Then We replaced the people of the town whom We had afflicted with poverty and hardship. 61 00:06:18,110 --> 00:06:22,110 Replacing the hardship with prosperity, blessings, and abundance in livelihood. 62 00:06:23,110 --> 00:06:25,110 Until they increased in number and their wealth multiplied. 63 00:06:26,110 --> 00:06:33,110 And they said, "These conditions have befallen those before us, our fathers and our ancestors." 64 00:06:34,110 --> 00:06:42,110 "And we are no different from them; we are afflicted by what afflicted them of hardship in livelihood and prosperity therein." 65 00:06:43,110 --> 00:06:46,110 So We seized them with destruction suddenly, without them expecting its arrival. 66 00:06:47,110 --> 00:06:51,110 While they were unaware and did not know that it was coming to them. 67 00:06:51,110 --> 00:07:20,300 “And if the people of the townships had believed and kept from evil, surely We should have opened for them blessings from the sky and from the earth. But (unto every messenger) they gave the lie, and so We seized them on account of what they used to earn.” (7:96) 68 00:07:22,100 --> 00:07:27,100 If the people of the towns to whom We sent Our messengers had believed in Allah and His Messenger, 69 00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:32,100 And feared the punishment of Allah by avoiding the deeds He dislikes, 70 00:07:33,100 --> 00:07:36,100 We would have opened upon them blessings of rain from the sky. 71 00:07:37,100 --> 00:07:39,100 And We would have brought forth for them vegetation from the earth. 72 00:07:40,100 --> 00:07:42,100 But they denied Allah and His Messenger. 73 00:07:43,100 --> 00:07:47,100 So We hastened the punishments for them because of their wicked earnings. 74 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:50,100 That was their disbelief in Allah and His signs. 75 00:07:51,100 --> 00:08:01,639 “Are the people of the townships then secure from the coming of Our wrath upon them as a night-raid while they sleep?” (7:97) 76 00:08:03,310 --> 00:08:07,310 Do the people of the towns that denied Allah and His Messenger feel secure, O Muhammad, 77 00:08:08,310 --> 00:08:11,310 That Our punishment will come to them at night while they are asleep? 78 00:08:12,310 --> 00:08:15,310 So that they would follow the path of their predecessors among the denying nations. 79 00:08:16,310 --> 00:08:24,980 “Or are the people of the townships then secure from the coming of Our wrath upon them in the daytime while they play?” (7:98) 80 00:08:25,980 --> 00:08:33,590 Do the people of the towns feel secure that Our punishment will come to them in the daytime, during the forenoon, while they are heedless and distracted? 81 00:08:34,590 --> 00:08:45,009 “Are they then secure from Allah's scheme? None deemeth himself secure from Allah's scheme save folk that perish.” (7:99) 82 00:08:46,009 --> 00:08:51,710 Do these people who deny Allah and His Messenger feel secure, O Muhammad, 83 00:08:52,710 --> 00:08:57,710 From Allah leading them on by degrees through the health and prosperity He has bestowed upon them? 84 00:08:58,710 --> 00:09:05,710 None feels secure from that being a gradual leading on, while persisting in their disbelief, except the people who are doomed. 85 00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:19,830 Have those who inherit the earth after some of its people have passed away not realized that if We willed, We could afflict them for their sins? 86 00:09:20,830 --> 00:09:25,830 “Is it not an indication to those who inherit the land after its people (who thus reaped the consequence of evil-doing) that, if We will, We can smite them for their sins and print upon their hearts so that they hear not?” (7:100) 87 00:09:26,830 --> 00:09:33,570 Has it not become clear to those who succeed others on the earth after the destruction of those before them, 88 00:09:33,570 --> 00:09:42,570 That if We willed, We could do to them as We did to those before them, and destroy them for their sins? 89 00:09:43,570 --> 00:09:50,570 And We seal their hearts, so they do not hear any sermon or reminder that would benefit them. 90 00:09:51,570 --> 00:09:58,399 Those are the towns whose stories We relate to you. 91 00:09:58,399 --> 00:10:13,399 “Such were the townships. We relate some tidings of them unto thee (Muhammad). Their messengers verily came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but they could not believe because they had before denied. Thus doth Allah print upon the hearts of disbelievers (that they hear not).” (7:101) 92 00:10:14,399 --> 00:10:19,399 “Such were the townships. We relate some tidings of them unto thee (Muhammad). Their messengers verily came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but they could not believe because they had before denied. Thus doth Allah print upon the hearts of disbelievers (that they hear not).” (7:101) 93 00:10:20,399 --> 00:10:26,039 These are the towns whose affairs and the affairs of their people I have mentioned to you, O Muhammad. 94 00:10:27,039 --> 00:10:32,039 So that you may know that We support Our messengers and those who believe in the life of this world. 95 00:10:33,039 --> 00:10:37,039 And so that those who deny you may know the end of those who denied the messengers of Allah. 96 00:10:38,039 --> 00:10:41,039 The messengers came to the people of the towns with clear proofs. 97 00:10:42,039 --> 00:10:45,039 But they were not going to believe upon the arrival of the messengers, 98 00:10:46,039 --> 00:10:49,039 Because of what had already been decreed in the knowledge of Allah—that they would deny it. 99 00:10:50,039 --> 00:10:53,039 From the day He brought them forth from the loins of Adam, peace be upon him. 100 00:10:54,039 --> 00:10:58,039 Just as Allah has set a seal upon the hearts of those who disbelieved in their Lord. 101 00:10:59,039 --> 00:11:02,039 “Such were the townships. We relate some tidings of them unto thee (Muhammad). Their messengers verily came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but they could not believe because they had before denied. Thus doth Allah print upon the hearts of disbelievers (that they hear not).” (7:101) 102 00:11:03,039 --> 00:11:07,039 Those for whom it was written that they would never believe. 103 00:11:08,870 --> 00:11:12,870 “We found no (loyalty to any) covenant in most of them. Nay, most of them We found wrong-doers.” (7:102) 104 00:11:13,870 --> 00:11:18,870 “We found no (loyalty to any) covenant in most of them. Nay, most of them We found wrong-doers.” (7:102) 105 00:11:18,870 --> 00:11:24,379 And We did not find for most of the people of these towns that We destroyed, O Muhammad, 106 00:11:25,379 --> 00:11:27,379 Any fulfillment of what We enjoined upon them. 107 00:11:28,379 --> 00:11:30,379 Of the oneness of Allah and following His messengers. 108 00:11:31,379 --> 00:11:35,379 And We found most of them to be nothing but defiant of the obedience of their Lord. 109 00:11:36,379 --> 00:11:38,379 Abandoning His covenant and His commandment. 110 00:11:39,379 --> 00:11:49,120 “Then, after them, We sent Moses with our tokens unto Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they repelled them. Now, see the nature of the consequence for the corrupters!” (7:103) 111 00:11:50,120 --> 00:11:54,120 “Then, after them, We sent Moses with our tokens unto Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they repelled them. Now, see the nature of the consequence for the corrupters!” (7:103) 112 00:11:55,120 --> 00:12:00,120 So observe how the end of the corrupters was. 113 00:12:01,629 --> 00:12:06,629 Then We sent after them Noah, Hud, Salih, Lot, and Shu'ayb. 114 00:12:07,629 --> 00:12:10,629 And Moses, son of Imran, with Our proofs and evidences. 115 00:12:11,629 --> 00:12:14,629 To Pharaoh and the group of men around Pharaoh. 116 00:12:15,629 --> 00:12:16,629 But they disbelieved in them. 117 00:12:16,629 --> 00:12:20,629 Because disbelief is the placing of the signs of Allah in other than their proper place. 118 00:12:21,629 --> 00:12:23,629 So observe, O Muhammad, with the eye of your heart, 119 00:12:24,629 --> 00:12:27,629 How the end of those who spread corruption in the land was. 120 00:12:28,629 --> 00:12:30,629 Meaning Pharaoh and his chiefs. 121 00:12:31,629 --> 00:12:34,629 Their end was that they were all drowned. 122 00:12:36,299 --> 00:12:44,299 “Moses said: O Pharaoh! Lo! I am a messenger from the Lord of the Worlds,” (7:104) 123 00:12:44,299 --> 00:12:46,779 And Moses said to Pharaoh: 124 00:12:47,779 --> 00:12:50,779 “Moses said: O Pharaoh! Lo! I am a messenger from the Lord of the Worlds,” (7:104) 125 00:12:51,779 --> 00:12:57,620 “Approved upon condition that I speak concerning Allah nothing but the truth. I come unto you (lords of Egypt) with a clear proof from your Lord. So let the Children of Israel go with me.” (7:105) 126 00:12:58,620 --> 00:13:02,620 “Approved upon condition that I speak concerning Allah nothing but the truth. I come unto you (lords of Egypt) with a clear proof from your Lord. So let the Children of Israel go with me.” (7:105) 127 00:13:03,620 --> 00:13:07,620 “Approved upon condition that I speak concerning Allah nothing but the truth. I come unto you (lords of Egypt) with a clear proof from your Lord. So let the Children of Israel go with me.” (7:105) 128 00:13:08,620 --> 00:13:20,620 “(Pharaoh) said: If thou comest with a token, then produce it, if thou art of those who speak the truth.” (7:106) 129 00:13:21,620 --> 00:13:25,350 I am keen not to say anything except the truth. 130 00:13:26,350 --> 00:13:28,350 I have come to you with a proof from your Lord. 131 00:13:29,350 --> 00:13:32,350 Which testifies, O people, to the truth of what I say. 132 00:13:33,350 --> 00:13:36,350 So send with me, O Pharaoh, the Children of Israel. 133 00:13:36,350 --> 00:13:38,350 Pharaoh said to him: 134 00:13:39,350 --> 00:13:43,350 "If you have come with a proof and a sign testifying to the truth of what you say," 135 00:13:44,350 --> 00:13:47,350 “(Pharaoh) said: If thou comest with a token, then produce it, if thou art of those who speak the truth.” (7:106) 136 00:13:49,059 --> 00:13:55,059 So he threw his staff, and it became a manifest serpent. 137 00:13:56,059 --> 00:14:02,059 And he drew out his hand, and it was white to the beholders. 138 00:14:03,759 --> 00:14:10,759 Moses threw his staff, and it was a snake, clear to anyone who saw it that it was a snake. 139 00:14:11,759 --> 00:14:17,759 And he drew his hand from his garment, and it was white without any leprosy, shining to the beholders. 140 00:14:18,759 --> 00:14:26,529 “The chiefs of Pharaoh's people said: Lo! this is some knowing wizard,” (7:109) 141 00:14:26,529 --> 00:14:35,980 The group of men from Pharaoh's people said, "Moses, peace be upon him, is a sorcerer, well-versed in sorcery." 142 00:14:36,980 --> 00:14:44,980 "He deceives people's eyes until they imagine the staffs are snakes and the hand is white." 143 00:14:45,980 --> 00:14:55,029 "He wants to drive you out of your land, so what do you command?" 144 00:14:55,029 --> 00:15:01,580 He wants to drive you out of your land, and Pharaoh said to the chiefs: 145 00:15:02,580 --> 00:15:05,580 "So what do you command us to do regarding his matter?" 146 00:15:07,220 --> 00:15:13,220 “They said (unto Pharaoh): Put him off (a while) - him and his brother - and send into the cities summoners,” (7:111) 147 00:15:14,220 --> 00:15:17,220 “To bring each knowing wizard unto thee.” (7:112) 148 00:15:17,220 --> 00:15:29,700 The chiefs of Pharaoh's people said to Pharaoh, "Delay him and send to the cities those who will gather the sorcerers and bring them to you; gather every skilled sorcerer." 149 00:15:31,110 --> 00:15:46,110 “And the wizards came to Pharaoh, saying: Surely there will be a reward for us if we are victors.” (7:113) 150 00:15:46,110 --> 00:15:58,590 The sorcerers came to Pharaoh and said, "Is there a reward for us if we overcome Moses, O Pharaoh, if we are the victors?" 151 00:15:59,980 --> 00:16:03,980 “He answered: Yes, and surely ye shall be of those brought near (to me).” (7:114) 152 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:19,360 Pharaoh said to the sorcerers when they asked him if they would have a reward if they overcame Moses, "Yes, you shall have that, and you will surely be among those closest and nearest to me." 153 00:16:21,190 --> 00:16:29,190 “They said: O Moses! Either throw (first) or let us be the first throwers?” (7:115) 154 00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:37,700 They said, "O Moses, either you throw your staff, or we will be the ones to throw." 155 00:16:39,250 --> 00:16:54,250 “He said: Throw! And when they threw they cast a spell upon the people's eyes, and overawed them, and produced a mighty spell.” (7:116) 156 00:16:54,250 --> 00:17:07,789 Moses said, "Throw what you are going to throw." So the sorcerers threw what they had, and when they threw it, they deceived the eyes of the people, making them appear to move. 157 00:17:08,789 --> 00:17:21,789 And they terrified the people with the sorcery they performed before their eyes, until they feared the staffs and ropes, thinking they were snakes, and they produced a great and mighty illusion. 158 00:17:21,789 --> 00:17:27,690 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.