In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation
It was summarized by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem Al-Shammari
Surah Al-A'raf
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
The arrogant leaders of his people said, “We will expel you, O Shuaib.”
We will expel you, Shuaib, and those who believed with you from our village
Or to return to our religion
Olu said we were haters
He said the group of men were arrogant in their belief in God
We will expel you, Shuaib, and whoever believes you, from our village
Or you and they will return to our religion
Shuaib said in response to them
Will you expel us from your village and avert us from the path of God?
Even if we hate it
We have fabricated a lie against God if we return to your religion
If we return to your religion after God has saved us from it
It is not for us to return to it unless God, our Lord, wills
Our Lord encompasses all things in knowledge
In God we trust
O Lord, we will grant victory between us and our people with truth, and You are the best of conquerors
We have fabricated a lie against God if we return to your religion
So we returned to it after God saved us from it
That we saw its error and the correctness of the guidance that we are upon
And it is not for us to return to it
So we condemn it and abandon the truth that we have
Unless God already knows that we will return to it
Then God's judgment will pass upon us
If our Lord’s knowledge expands and encompasses everything
Nothing is hidden from him
We depend on God for our affairs
O Lord, we judge between us and them with Your true judgment in which there is no injustice
You are the best of rulers
And the leaders of his people who disbelieved said
If you follow Shuaib, then you will lose
The group said that the men of Shuaib's people were infidels
Because you followed Shuaib on what he says about the Oneness of God
And fulfilling His commands and prohibitions
Therefore, you are wronged in your actions and are doomed by it
So the disbelievers among Shuaib’s people were seized by the earthquake that would trigger the punishment of God
So they were in their home, kneeling on their knees in death
So those who lied to Shuaib were enriched therein. They were the losers
So those who denied Shuaib were destroyed and did not believe in him
So he exterminated them as if they had never descended and had not lived there when they perished
Those who lied were the losers
So he turned away from them and said, “O my people, I have conveyed to you the messages of my Lord and given you sincere advice.”
How can I feel sorry for an unbelieving people?
So Shuaib turned away from them from behind them when the punishment of God came upon them
He said he was sad for them
O my people, I have delivered to you what my Lord sent me to you with
I advised you by ordering you to obey God and forbidding you to disobey Him
How can I grieve for a people who denied the oneness of God and denied His Messenger, and feel pain for their destruction?
We never sent a prophet into a town but We took its people
Unless We afflict its people with misfortune and hardship, perhaps they will supplicate
We did not send any prophet before you to any town except that We seized its people with misery, hardship, and distress
And We took them to a bad state in their worldly affairs
We did this so that they would supplicate to their Lord and seek refuge in Him
By abandoning their disbelief and repenting from denying their prophets
So We seized them suddenly while they were not aware
Then we replaced the people of the village whose people we had captured through misery and hardship
A place of misery with prosperity, grace and abundance of living
Until they multiplied and their money increased
They said: These are conditions that have befallen those before us, our fathers, and have befallen our ancestors
We do not consider ourselves to be like them. We suffer from the hardship and prosperity that befell them in their lives
So We took them by surprise by destroying them with His coming
And they do not know or know that it is coming to them
And if the people of the towns had believed and feared, We would have granted them blessings from heaven and earth, but they lied, so We seized them for what they were earning.
Even if the people of the villages to whom we sent our messengers had believed God and His Messenger
They feared the punishment of God by avoiding the deeds that He hates
We would have sent blessings of rain upon them
And We caused them to grow plants from the earth
But they denied God and His Messenger
So We hastened the punishments for them for their evil gain
This is their disbelief in God and His signs
Are the people of the villages safe from our punishment coming to them overnight while they are sleeping?
Do you believe, O Muhammad, the people of the villages that deny God and His Messenger?
Our punishment comes to them at night while they are asleep
They will follow the path of their ancestors among the lying nations
Are the people of the villages safe that our sacrifice will come to them while they are playing?
Are the people of the villages safe from our punishment coming to them during the day at noon, while they are heedless and negligent?
Do they believe in God’s deception? No one will be safe from God’s deception except the people who are losers
O Muhammad, are those who deny God and His Messenger safe?
God lured them with the health and prosperity He bestowed upon them
It is not safe for this to be a lure along with their position on their disbelief, except for the people who are perishing
Has He not given guidance to those who inherit the earth from some of its people that if We had willed, We could have afflicted them with their sins?
We seal their hearts so they do not listen
Did it not come to those who were succeeded in the land after the destruction of others before them?
So they did their deeds. If we wished, we could have done to them as we did to those before them and destroyed them for their sins
We seal their hearts, for they do not listen to an admonition or a reminder that is beneficial to them
These villages will give you some of their cities
Their messengers had come to them with clear proofs, but they would not believe in what they had denied before
Thus God seals the hearts of the unbelievers
These are the villages whose affairs and the affairs of their people I mentioned to you, O Muhammad
To learn that we support Our Messengers and those who believe in this worldly life
And let those who deny you know the outcome of someone who lies to God’s messengers
The people of the villages sent their messengers with clear arguments
They would not have believed when the messengers came
Because of what God knows above, they are lying
The day He brought them out from the loins of Adam, peace be upon him
God also set a seal on the hearts of those who disbelieved in their Lord
Thus God seals the hearts of the unbelievers
Those who were decreed that they would never believe
We found no covenant for most of them
And if we find most of them to be sinners
We did not find most of the people of these villages that we destroyed, O Muhammad
In fulfillment of what we have commanded them
From the monotheism of God and following His messengers
We found most of them to be disobedient and disobedient to their Lord
Leaving his covenant and his will
Then We sent Moses from among them with Our signs to Pharaoh and his chiefs
To Pharaoh and his chiefs, but they were wronged by it
So look at what was the outcome of the corruptors
Then We sent some of them: Noah, Hud, Salih, Lot, and Shuaib
Musa bin Imran with our arguments and evidence
To Pharaoh and Pharaoh's group of men
So they disbelieved in it
Because disbelief places God’s verses in a wrong place
So look, O Muhammad, with the eyes of your heart
What was the outcome of those who made corruption on earth?
It means Pharaoh and his entourage
Their consequence was that they were all drowned
Moses said, “O Pharaoh, I am a messenger from the Lord of the worlds.”
And Moses said to Pharaoh
O Pharaoh, I am a messenger from the Lord of the worlds
It is true that I say nothing about God except the truth
I have come to you with clear proof from your Lord
So send the children of Israel with me
He said: If you have come with a sign, then bring it if you are truthful
I am careful not to say anything but the truth
I have come to you with proof from your Lord
O people, bear witness to the truth of what I say
So, O Pharaoh, send the children of Israel with me
Pharaoh said to him
If you come with an argument and a sign that bears witness to the truth of what you say
Bring it if you are truthful
So he threw his stick and it was the snake of the two prophets
He removed his hand and it was white to the onlookers
So Moses threw his staff, and it was alive. It would become clear to anyone who saw it that it was alive
He took his hand out of his pocket and found it white, without leprosy, waving to the onlookers
The leaders of Pharaoh’s people said, “This is a knowledgeable magician.”
The group of men from Pharaoh’s people said that Moses, may God’s prayers be upon him, was a magician who knew magic
He takes people's eyes by deceiving them until they think he is pure and white
We want him to expel you from your land, so what do you command?
He wants to expel you from your land, and Pharaoh said to the crowds
So what do you command us to do about it?
They said, “Send him and his brother back and send them to Al-Mada’in.”
They will bring you every knowledgeable magician
The chiefs of Pharaoh's people said to Pharaoh, "Delay it, and send in the cities someone who will gather the magicians and gather them to you. They will gather every knowledgeable magician."
And the magicians came to Pharaoh and said, “Indeed, we will have a reward if we are the victors.”
And the magicians came to Pharaoh and said, “Indeed, we will have a reward for defeating Moses with you, if we, O Pharaoh, were the victors.”
He said: Yes, and you are among those close to me
Pharaoh said to the magicians when they said to him, “Indeed, we will have a reward from you if we defeat Moses.” He said, “Yes, that is for you, and you are among those closest to him and closest to me.”
They said, “O Moses, either you will throw or we will be the ones who will throw.”
They said, “O Moses, choose to throw your stick or we will throw our stick.”
He said: They cast, and when they cast, they bewitched the people's eyes and terrified them, and they used great magic
Moses said, “Throw what you throw.” So the magicians threw what they had. When they threw that, it seemed to the people’s eyes that they were striving.
They terrified people with what they bewitched in their eyes to the point that they were afraid of sticks and ropes, thinking they were snakes, and they came up with a great and great imagination.
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation