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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shamr.

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Surah Taha.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“And faces humble themselves before the Living, the Eternal. And he who beareth (a burden of) wrongdoing is indeed a failure (on that day).” (20:111)

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“And faces humble themselves before the Living, the Eternal. And he who beareth (a burden of) wrongdoing is indeed a failure (on that day).” (20:111)

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All faces of creation shall be humbled and submit to the Ever-Living, who never dies.

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He is the Sustainer of His creation, managing all their affairs.

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Whoever brings polytheism to the gathering of the Resurrection shall not attain his desire,

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nor shall he who brought disbelief and acted in disobedience to Him.

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“And he who hath done some good works, being a believer, he feareth not injustice nor begrudging (of his wage).” (20:112)

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But whoever performs righteous deeds while believing in Allah,

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and believing that He rewards those who obey Him,

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he need not fear that Allah will treat him unjustly,

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by burdening him with the sins of others,

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nor need he fear that He will diminish his good deeds or withhold their reward.

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“Thus we have revealed it as a Lecture in Arabic, and have displayed therein certain threats, that peradventure they may keep from evil or that it may cause them to take heed.” (20:113)

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We have set forth therein various forms of warning, that perhaps they might fear Allah.

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“Thus we have revealed it as a Lecture in Arabic, and have displayed therein certain threats, that peradventure they may keep from evil or that it may cause them to take heed.” (20:113)

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Just as We have encouraged the people of faith to perform righteous deeds,

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so too have We warned those who disbelieve and persist in disobedience through these threats.

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We revealed this Qur’an in Arabic because they were Arabs,

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and We warned them in it with various types of threats so that they might fear Us,

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or that this Qur’an might serve as a reminder to them,

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so they may take heed and learn from what We did to the nations that rejected the messengers before them.

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Exalted is Allah, the True King.

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“Then exalted be Allah, the True King! And hasten not (O Muhammad) with the Qur'an ere its revelation hath been perfected unto thee, and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.” (20:114)

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“Then exalted be Allah, the True King! And hasten not (O Muhammad) with the Qur'an ere its revelation hath been perfected unto thee, and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.” (20:114)

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Exalted is He who alone deserves the worship of all His creation,

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the Truth, far above what the polytheists among His creation attribute to Him.

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Do not hasten, O Muhammad, with the Qur’an,

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reciting it to your companions before its meanings have been revealed to you.

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And say, O Muhammad: "My Lord, increase me in knowledge beyond what You have taught me."

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“And verily We made a covenant of old with Adam, but he forgot, and We found no constancy in him.” (20:115)

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We had previously given a command to Adam, before those whom We have informed were warned.

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But he abandoned My covenant,

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and We did not find in him a firm resolve to fulfill his covenant with Allah,

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nor to preserve what had been entrusted to him.

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And when We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam," they prostrated, except Iblis, who refused.

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“Therefor we said: O Adam! This is an enemy unto thee and unto thy wife, so let him not drive you both out of the Garden so that thou come to toil.” (20:117)

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Remember, O Muhammad, when We said to the angels:

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"Prostrate to Adam," and they prostrated to him, except Iblis, who refused to prostrate.

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We said, "O Adam, this is an enemy to you and your wife, so do not let him lead you both to disobey what I command you,

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lest he cause you to be expelled from Paradise, and your life becomes one of toil by your own hands."

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That is the hardship against which his Lord warned him.

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"And indeed, you will not be hungry therein, nor will you be naked,

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“But the devil whispered to him, saying: O Adam! Shall I show thee the tree of immortality and power that wasteth not away?” (20:120)

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“But the devil whispered to him, saying: O Adam! Shall I show thee the tree of immortality and power that wasteth not away?” (20:120)

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for you, O Adam, shall not be hungry therein, nor shall you be naked,

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and you shall not be thirsty in Paradise as long as you remain in it,

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nor will you be exposed to the sun, so its heat will not harm you."

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Then Satan whispered to Adam and spoke to him, saying:

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"O Adam, shall I direct you to a tree that, if you eat from it, you will live forever and never die,

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and you will possess a kingdom that does not pass away or decay?"

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“Then they twain ate thereof, so that their shame became apparent unto them, and they began to hide by heaping on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so went astray.” (20:121)

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And they began to fasten together the leaves of Paradise over themselves.

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“Then they twain ate thereof, so that their shame became apparent unto them, and they began to hide by heaping on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so went astray.” (20:121)

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Then his Lord chose him, accepted his repentance, and guided him.

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Adam and Eve ate from the tree from which they were forbidden to eat,

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and their private parts became exposed to them,

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whereas they had been hidden from their sight.

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They began to fasten the leaves of Paradise over themselves.

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Adam disobeyed the command of his Lord,

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and transgressed beyond what he was permitted to do,

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by eating from the tree from which he was forbidden to eat.

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Then his Lord chose him after his disobedience,

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and guided him to repentance, granting him the success to perform it.

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“He said: Go down hence, both of you, one of you a foe unto the other. But when there come unto you from Me a guidance, then whoso followeth My guidance, he will not go astray nor come to grief.” (20:123)

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"And if there comes to you guidance from Me,

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then whoever follows My guidance will neither go astray nor suffer."

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Allah the Exalted said to Adam and Eve:

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"Descend from Paradise together to the earth.

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You are enemies to Iblis and his offspring,

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and Iblis is an enemy to you and your offspring.

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If there comes to you, O Adam and Eve, and to Iblis,

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a clarification from Me regarding My path,

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and what I have chosen for My creation as a religion,

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then whoever follows My guidance and acts upon it,

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will not deviate from the straight path,

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but will be rightly guided in this world and find the right way,

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and will not suffer in the Hereafter from the punishment of Allah."

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“But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124)

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“But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124)

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“But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124)

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“But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124)

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And whoever turns away from My remembrance,

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and does not accept it or respond to it,

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then he shall have a restricted life,

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which is the torment of the grave.

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And We shall gather him from his grave

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to the place of the Resurrection on the Day of Judgment, blind.

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“He will say: My Lord! Wherefor hast Thou gathered me (hither) blind, when I was wont to see?” (20:125)

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"And I was indeed able to see."

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He will say, "Just as

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Our signs came to you and you forgot them,

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so this Day you will be forgotten."

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“He will say: My Lord! Wherefor hast Thou gathered me (hither) blind, when I was wont to see?” (20:125)

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from My proof and the ability to see things,

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even though you were in the world,

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and I told you that this is sight.

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Allah will say:

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"I did that to you, so I have gathered you blind,

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just as My signs came to you and you abandoned them and turned away from them,

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and did not believe in them or act upon them.

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So just as you forgot Our signs in the world,

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so this Day We forget you, leaving you in the Fire."

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And thus do We recompense those who transgress.

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“Thus do We reward him who is prodigal and believeth not the revelations of his Lord; and verily the doom of the Hereafter will be sterner and more lasting.” (20:127)

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We shall grant him a miserable life in the barzakh (the interval between death and resurrection).

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And the punishment of Allah in the Hereafter for them is more severe than what He punished them with in the grave, and more lasting.

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Has it not become clear to them how many generations We destroyed before them, while they walk among their dwellings?

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If they were to speak about their condition,

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it would not have become clear to them how many generations We destroyed before them, while they walk among their dwellings.

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Indeed, in that are signs for those of intellect.

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Has it not been made clear to them the multitude of nations We destroyed before them that passed away,

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among whose dwellings they walk,

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and see the traces of Our punishments that We inflicted upon them,

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so that they might take heed, learn a lesson, and believe?

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Indeed, in what these people witness

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are signs and lessons,

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signs and lessons for those of understanding and intellect.

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And whoever is restrained by his intellect and understanding from committing what harms him.

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And were it not for a word that preceded from your Lord, O Muhammad,

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that for everyone for whom He has decreed a term,

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He will not destroy him before he reaches that term,

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and a specified time with your Lord which they will reach,

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the destruction would have been inevitable and immediate.

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So be patient over what they say,

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and exalt with the praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun,

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and before its setting.

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“Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130)

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“Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130)

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So be patient, O Muhammad, over what these people say,

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those who deny the signs of Allah,

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and join your praise with the glorification of your Lord,

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“Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130)

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and from the hours of the night and the ends of the day,

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so that you may be satisfied.

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And do not extend your eyes toward that which We have given to some of them,

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those who turn away from the signs of their Lord,

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and their peers, as enjoyment in their worldly life,

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from the splendor and beauty of this fleeting world,

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so that We may test them by what We have given them to enjoy.

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For that is fleeting and vanishing,

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while the provision of your Lord, which He has promised you in the Hereafter,

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is better for you and more lasting,

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because it has no end and no depletion.

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“And enjoin upon thy people worship, and be constant therein. We ask not of thee a provision: We provided for thee. And the sequel is for righteousness.” (20:132)

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“And enjoin upon thy people worship, and be constant therein. We ask not of thee a provision: We provided for thee. And the sequel is for righteousness.” (20:132)

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And enjoin upon your family, O Muhammad, the prayer,

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and be steadfast in performing and maintaining it.

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We do not ask you for wealth;

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rather, We charge you with a task for your body,

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for which We will give you a great reward.

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We provide you with wealth and do not ask you for it.

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And the good outcome of every worker's deed

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is for those who possess piety and fear of Allah,

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unlike those who do not fear His punishment,

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nor hope for His reward.

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“And they say: If only he would bring us a miracle from his Lord! Hath there not come unto them the proof of what is in the former scriptures?” (20:133)

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Has there not come to them the clear proof of what is in the former scriptures?

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These polytheists say:

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"Why does Muhammad not bring us a sign from his Lord?"

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Has there not come to them the clarification of what is in the books that preceded this Book,

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regarding the news of the nations before them,

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whom We destroyed when they asked for signs,

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and then disbelieved in them when they came to them?

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How We hastened the punishment for them!

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So what makes them feel secure that if a sign comes to them,

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their state will not be the state of those [previous nations]?

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And had We destroyed them with a punishment before it,

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“And if we had destroyed them with some punishment before it, they would assuredly have said: Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent unto us a messenger, so that we might have followed Thy revelations before we were (thus) humbled and disgraced!” (20:134)

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“And if we had destroyed them with some punishment before it, they would assuredly have said: Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent unto us a messenger, so that we might have followed Thy revelations before we were (thus) humbled and disgraced!” (20:134)

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and had We destroyed these polytheists

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who deny this Qur’an

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before We revealed it to them,

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they would have said on the Day of Resurrection:

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"Our Lord, why did You not send a messenger to us,

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calling us to Your obedience,

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so that we could follow Your proof and evidence,

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before we were humiliated by Your punishment of us,

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and disgraced by it?"

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“Say: Each is awaiting; so await ye! Ye will come to know who are the owners of the path of equity, and who is right.” (20:135)

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“Say: Each is awaiting; so await ye! Ye will come to know who are the owners of the path of equity, and who is right.” (20:135)

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And whoever is guided,

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say, O Muhammad:

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"All of you, O those who associate partners with Allah,

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are waiting to see who will have the success,

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and what my affair and your affair will lead to.

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So watch and wait,

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for you will soon know who is on the straight path,

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the path that is balanced and has no crookedness in it,

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whether it is we or you."

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And you will know then who is the guided one,

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who is upon the way of the path,

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the one who is direct and not deviating,

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and who is off the path, whether it is we or you.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.