WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.209 --> 00:00:08.009 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.630 --> 00:00:12.710 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shamr. 00:00:14.109 --> 00:00:16.149 Surah Taha. 00:00:18.539 --> 00:00:23.820 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:24.960 --> 00:00:30.519 “And faces humble themselves before the Living, the Eternal. And he who beareth (a burden of) wrongdoing is indeed a failure (on that day).” (20:111) 00:00:30.640 --> 00:00:34.280 “And faces humble themselves before the Living, the Eternal. And he who beareth (a burden of) wrongdoing is indeed a failure (on that day).” (20:111) 00:00:35.399 --> 00:00:40.439 All faces of creation shall be humbled and submit to the Ever-Living, who never dies. 00:00:40.840 --> 00:00:44.640 He is the Sustainer of His creation, managing all their affairs. 00:00:45.000 --> 00:00:50.280 Whoever brings polytheism to the gathering of the Resurrection shall not attain his desire, 00:00:50.520 --> 00:00:53.320 nor shall he who brought disbelief and acted in disobedience to Him. 00:00:54.780 --> 00:01:03.420 “And he who hath done some good works, being a believer, he feareth not injustice nor begrudging (of his wage).” (20:112) 00:01:04.579 --> 00:01:09.019 But whoever performs righteous deeds while believing in Allah, 00:01:09.340 --> 00:01:11.859 and believing that He rewards those who obey Him, 00:01:12.060 --> 00:01:14.700 he need not fear that Allah will treat him unjustly, 00:01:14.939 --> 00:01:17.500 by burdening him with the sins of others, 00:01:17.739 --> 00:01:22.500 nor need he fear that He will diminish his good deeds or withhold their reward. 00:01:23.730 --> 00:01:29.170 “Thus we have revealed it as a Lecture in Arabic, and have displayed therein certain threats, that peradventure they may keep from evil or that it may cause them to take heed.” (20:113) 00:01:29.170 --> 00:01:40.530 We have set forth therein various forms of warning, that perhaps they might fear Allah. 00:01:40.530 --> 00:01:43.129 “Thus we have revealed it as a Lecture in Arabic, and have displayed therein certain threats, that peradventure they may keep from evil or that it may cause them to take heed.” (20:113) 00:01:44.709 --> 00:01:48.430 Just as We have encouraged the people of faith to perform righteous deeds, 00:01:49.030 --> 00:01:54.069 so too have We warned those who disbelieve and persist in disobedience through these threats. 00:01:54.709 --> 00:01:58.750 We revealed this Qur’an in Arabic because they were Arabs, 00:01:59.310 --> 00:02:03.670 and We warned them in it with various types of threats so that they might fear Us, 00:02:04.269 --> 00:02:06.950 or that this Qur’an might serve as a reminder to them, 00:02:07.510 --> 00:02:13.389 so they may take heed and learn from what We did to the nations that rejected the messengers before them. 00:02:15.099 --> 00:02:18.780 Exalted is Allah, the True King. 00:02:19.219 --> 00:02:26.539 “Then exalted be Allah, the True King! And hasten not (O Muhammad) with the Qur'an ere its revelation hath been perfected unto thee, and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.” (20:114) 00:02:26.860 --> 00:02:29.979 “Then exalted be Allah, the True King! And hasten not (O Muhammad) with the Qur'an ere its revelation hath been perfected unto thee, and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge.” (20:114) 00:02:31.740 --> 00:02:35.180 Exalted is He who alone deserves the worship of all His creation, 00:02:35.740 --> 00:02:39.379 the Truth, far above what the polytheists among His creation attribute to Him. 00:02:40.099 --> 00:02:42.580 Do not hasten, O Muhammad, with the Qur’an, 00:02:43.020 --> 00:02:47.740 reciting it to your companions before its meanings have been revealed to you. 00:02:48.460 --> 00:02:53.819 And say, O Muhammad: "My Lord, increase me in knowledge beyond what You have taught me." 00:02:55.539 --> 00:03:03.300 “And verily We made a covenant of old with Adam, but he forgot, and We found no constancy in him.” (20:115) 00:03:05.009 --> 00:03:11.330 We had previously given a command to Adam, before those whom We have informed were warned. 00:03:11.930 --> 00:03:13.129 But he abandoned My covenant, 00:03:13.729 --> 00:03:17.849 and We did not find in him a firm resolve to fulfill his covenant with Allah, 00:03:18.370 --> 00:03:20.650 nor to preserve what had been entrusted to him. 00:03:22.319 --> 00:03:30.960 And when We said to the angels, "Prostrate to Adam," they prostrated, except Iblis, who refused. 00:03:31.520 --> 00:03:46.639 “Therefor we said: O Adam! This is an enemy unto thee and unto thy wife, so let him not drive you both out of the Garden so that thou come to toil.” (20:117) 00:03:48.330 --> 00:03:51.370 Remember, O Muhammad, when We said to the angels: 00:03:51.810 --> 00:03:57.689 "Prostrate to Adam," and they prostrated to him, except Iblis, who refused to prostrate. 00:03:58.289 --> 00:04:06.330 We said, "O Adam, this is an enemy to you and your wife, so do not let him lead you both to disobey what I command you, 00:04:06.930 --> 00:04:11.289 lest he cause you to be expelled from Paradise, and your life becomes one of toil by your own hands." 00:04:11.969 --> 00:04:15.250 That is the hardship against which his Lord warned him. 00:04:22.379 --> 00:04:27.379 "And indeed, you will not be hungry therein, nor will you be naked, 00:04:27.860 --> 00:04:35.540 “But the devil whispered to him, saying: O Adam! Shall I show thee the tree of immortality and power that wasteth not away?” (20:120) 00:04:35.939 --> 00:04:43.220 “But the devil whispered to him, saying: O Adam! Shall I show thee the tree of immortality and power that wasteth not away?” (20:120) 00:04:44.750 --> 00:04:48.750 for you, O Adam, shall not be hungry therein, nor shall you be naked, 00:04:49.310 --> 00:04:52.790 and you shall not be thirsty in Paradise as long as you remain in it, 00:04:53.350 --> 00:04:56.629 nor will you be exposed to the sun, so its heat will not harm you." 00:04:57.230 --> 00:05:01.110 Then Satan whispered to Adam and spoke to him, saying: 00:05:01.709 --> 00:05:08.589 "O Adam, shall I direct you to a tree that, if you eat from it, you will live forever and never die, 00:05:09.029 --> 00:05:12.430 and you will possess a kingdom that does not pass away or decay?" 00:05:14.100 --> 00:05:21.819 “Then they twain ate thereof, so that their shame became apparent unto them, and they began to hide by heaping on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so went astray.” (20:121) 00:05:22.139 --> 00:05:28.540 And they began to fasten together the leaves of Paradise over themselves. 00:05:28.939 --> 00:05:32.540 “Then they twain ate thereof, so that their shame became apparent unto them, and they began to hide by heaping on themselves some of the leaves of the Garden. And Adam disobeyed his Lord, so went astray.” (20:121) 00:05:33.019 --> 00:05:38.579 Then his Lord chose him, accepted his repentance, and guided him. 00:05:39.930 --> 00:05:44.970 Adam and Eve ate from the tree from which they were forbidden to eat, 00:05:45.529 --> 00:05:47.930 and their private parts became exposed to them, 00:05:48.410 --> 00:05:51.050 whereas they had been hidden from their sight. 00:05:51.610 --> 00:05:55.009 They began to fasten the leaves of Paradise over themselves. 00:05:55.610 --> 00:05:57.569 Adam disobeyed the command of his Lord, 00:05:58.129 --> 00:06:01.730 and transgressed beyond what he was permitted to do, 00:06:02.170 --> 00:06:06.009 by eating from the tree from which he was forbidden to eat. 00:06:06.689 --> 00:06:09.529 Then his Lord chose him after his disobedience, 00:06:10.050 --> 00:06:13.050 and guided him to repentance, granting him the success to perform it. 00:06:14.790 --> 00:06:20.389 “He said: Go down hence, both of you, one of you a foe unto the other. But when there come unto you from Me a guidance, then whoso followeth My guidance, he will not go astray nor come to grief.” (20:123) 00:06:20.829 --> 00:06:25.990 "And if there comes to you guidance from Me, 00:06:26.269 --> 00:06:31.029 then whoever follows My guidance will neither go astray nor suffer." 00:06:32.600 --> 00:06:35.399 Allah the Exalted said to Adam and Eve: 00:06:36.079 --> 00:06:39.160 "Descend from Paradise together to the earth. 00:06:39.839 --> 00:06:42.680 You are enemies to Iblis and his offspring, 00:06:43.279 --> 00:06:46.879 and Iblis is an enemy to you and your offspring. 00:06:47.600 --> 00:06:50.800 If there comes to you, O Adam and Eve, and to Iblis, 00:06:50.800 --> 00:06:52.720 a clarification from Me regarding My path, 00:06:53.120 --> 00:06:55.800 and what I have chosen for My creation as a religion, 00:06:56.439 --> 00:06:58.759 then whoever follows My guidance and acts upon it, 00:06:59.199 --> 00:07:01.439 will not deviate from the straight path, 00:07:02.279 --> 00:07:05.360 but will be rightly guided in this world and find the right way, 00:07:05.879 --> 00:07:08.839 and will not suffer in the Hereafter from the punishment of Allah." 00:07:10.470 --> 00:07:13.110 “But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124) 00:07:13.110 --> 00:07:18.550 “But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124) 00:07:18.870 --> 00:07:24.350 “But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124) 00:07:24.350 --> 00:07:28.310 “But he who turneth away from remembrance of Me, his will be a narrow life, and I shall bring him blind to the assembly on the Day of Resurrection.” (20:124) 00:07:29.860 --> 00:07:32.180 And whoever turns away from My remembrance, 00:07:32.180 --> 00:07:34.579 and does not accept it or respond to it, 00:07:35.139 --> 00:07:37.420 then he shall have a restricted life, 00:07:37.860 --> 00:07:39.259 which is the torment of the grave. 00:07:39.899 --> 00:07:41.540 And We shall gather him from his grave 00:07:41.540 --> 00:07:45.259 to the place of the Resurrection on the Day of Judgment, blind. 00:07:47.029 --> 00:07:50.430 “He will say: My Lord! Wherefor hast Thou gathered me (hither) blind, when I was wont to see?” (20:125) 00:07:50.430 --> 00:07:53.589 "And I was indeed able to see." 00:07:53.949 --> 00:07:55.829 He will say, "Just as 00:07:56.310 --> 00:08:00.269 Our signs came to you and you forgot them, 00:08:00.269 --> 00:08:04.389 so this Day you will be forgotten." 00:08:06.019 --> 00:08:08.339 “He will say: My Lord! Wherefor hast Thou gathered me (hither) blind, when I was wont to see?” (20:125) 00:08:08.339 --> 00:08:10.579 from My proof and the ability to see things, 00:08:11.180 --> 00:08:12.860 even though you were in the world, 00:08:12.939 --> 00:08:14.939 and I told you that this is sight. 00:08:15.339 --> 00:08:16.339 Allah will say: 00:08:16.860 --> 00:08:20.220 "I did that to you, so I have gathered you blind, 00:08:20.579 --> 00:08:24.579 just as My signs came to you and you abandoned them and turned away from them, 00:08:24.980 --> 00:08:27.339 and did not believe in them or act upon them. 00:08:27.740 --> 00:08:30.620 So just as you forgot Our signs in the world, 00:08:30.980 --> 00:08:35.730 so this Day We forget you, leaving you in the Fire." 00:08:36.169 --> 00:08:38.970 And thus do We recompense those who transgress. 00:08:38.970 --> 00:08:42.730 “Thus do We reward him who is prodigal and believeth not the revelations of his Lord; and verily the doom of the Hereafter will be sterner and more lasting.” (20:127) 00:08:42.769 --> 00:08:46.649 We shall grant him a miserable life in the barzakh (the interval between death and resurrection). 00:08:47.509 --> 00:08:54.350 And the punishment of Allah in the Hereafter for them is more severe than what He punished them with in the grave, and more lasting. 00:08:54.830 --> 00:09:02.350 Has it not become clear to them how many generations We destroyed before them, while they walk among their dwellings? 00:09:02.350 --> 00:09:06.100 If they were to speak about their condition, 00:09:06.100 --> 00:09:11.259 it would not have become clear to them how many generations We destroyed before them, while they walk among their dwellings. 00:09:11.259 --> 00:09:16.899 Indeed, in that are signs for those of intellect. 00:09:17.580 --> 00:09:24.399 Has it not been made clear to them the multitude of nations We destroyed before them that passed away, 00:09:24.759 --> 00:09:27.200 among whose dwellings they walk, 00:09:27.519 --> 00:09:31.600 and see the traces of Our punishments that We inflicted upon them, 00:09:31.919 --> 00:09:34.679 so that they might take heed, learn a lesson, and believe? 00:09:35.080 --> 00:09:37.480 Indeed, in what these people witness 00:09:37.720 --> 00:09:40.000 are signs and lessons, 00:09:40.960 --> 00:09:44.519 signs and lessons for those of understanding and intellect. 00:09:44.840 --> 00:09:49.399 And whoever is restrained by his intellect and understanding from committing what harms him. 00:10:01.220 --> 00:10:04.620 And were it not for a word that preceded from your Lord, O Muhammad, 00:10:05.019 --> 00:10:07.340 that for everyone for whom He has decreed a term, 00:10:07.419 --> 00:10:10.940 He will not destroy him before he reaches that term, 00:10:11.419 --> 00:10:14.740 and a specified time with your Lord which they will reach, 00:10:15.139 --> 00:10:17.659 the destruction would have been inevitable and immediate. 00:10:19.139 --> 00:10:21.740 So be patient over what they say, 00:10:21.740 --> 00:10:25.899 and exalt with the praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun, 00:10:25.899 --> 00:10:27.980 and before its setting. 00:10:28.340 --> 00:10:32.019 “Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130) 00:10:32.019 --> 00:10:36.299 “Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130) 00:10:37.720 --> 00:10:40.919 So be patient, O Muhammad, over what these people say, 00:10:40.919 --> 00:10:43.000 those who deny the signs of Allah, 00:10:43.759 --> 00:10:46.440 and join your praise with the glorification of your Lord, 00:10:46.919 --> 00:10:49.799 “Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130) 00:10:50.159 --> 00:10:53.240 and from the hours of the night and the ends of the day, 00:10:53.480 --> 00:10:54.679 so that you may be satisfied. 00:11:12.860 --> 00:11:15.779 And do not extend your eyes toward that which We have given to some of them, 00:11:15.820 --> 00:11:18.940 those who turn away from the signs of their Lord, 00:11:18.940 --> 00:11:22.299 and their peers, as enjoyment in their worldly life, 00:11:22.700 --> 00:11:25.620 from the splendor and beauty of this fleeting world, 00:11:26.019 --> 00:11:28.899 so that We may test them by what We have given them to enjoy. 00:11:29.419 --> 00:11:31.820 For that is fleeting and vanishing, 00:11:32.340 --> 00:11:35.179 while the provision of your Lord, which He has promised you in the Hereafter, 00:11:35.539 --> 00:11:39.100 is better for you and more lasting, 00:11:39.580 --> 00:11:42.659 because it has no end and no depletion. 00:11:46.669 --> 00:11:51.269 “And enjoin upon thy people worship, and be constant therein. We ask not of thee a provision: We provided for thee. And the sequel is for righteousness.” (20:132) 00:11:51.549 --> 00:11:56.070 “And enjoin upon thy people worship, and be constant therein. We ask not of thee a provision: We provided for thee. And the sequel is for righteousness.” (20:132) 00:11:57.440 --> 00:11:59.879 And enjoin upon your family, O Muhammad, the prayer, 00:12:00.320 --> 00:12:03.240 and be steadfast in performing and maintaining it. 00:12:03.840 --> 00:12:05.320 We do not ask you for wealth; 00:12:05.759 --> 00:12:08.080 rather, We charge you with a task for your body, 00:12:08.519 --> 00:12:11.080 for which We will give you a great reward. 00:12:11.639 --> 00:12:14.559 We provide you with wealth and do not ask you for it. 00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:18.480 And the good outcome of every worker's deed 00:12:18.480 --> 00:12:21.080 is for those who possess piety and fear of Allah, 00:12:21.480 --> 00:12:24.039 unlike those who do not fear His punishment, 00:12:24.039 --> 00:12:26.240 nor hope for His reward. 00:12:27.809 --> 00:12:33.330 “And they say: If only he would bring us a miracle from his Lord! Hath there not come unto them the proof of what is in the former scriptures?” (20:133) 00:12:33.690 --> 00:12:39.090 Has there not come to them the clear proof of what is in the former scriptures? 00:12:40.659 --> 00:12:42.580 These polytheists say: 00:12:43.220 --> 00:12:46.779 "Why does Muhammad not bring us a sign from his Lord?" 00:12:47.340 --> 00:12:51.700 Has there not come to them the clarification of what is in the books that preceded this Book, 00:12:52.139 --> 00:12:54.500 regarding the news of the nations before them, 00:12:54.860 --> 00:12:58.100 whom We destroyed when they asked for signs, 00:12:58.100 --> 00:13:00.419 and then disbelieved in them when they came to them? 00:13:00.740 --> 00:13:02.980 How We hastened the punishment for them! 00:13:03.620 --> 00:13:06.620 So what makes them feel secure that if a sign comes to them, 00:13:06.620 --> 00:13:09.419 their state will not be the state of those [previous nations]? 00:13:10.850 --> 00:13:16.970 And had We destroyed them with a punishment before it, 00:13:16.970 --> 00:13:24.409 “And if we had destroyed them with some punishment before it, they would assuredly have said: Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent unto us a messenger, so that we might have followed Thy revelations before we were (thus) humbled and disgraced!” (20:134) 00:13:24.409 --> 00:13:30.169 “And if we had destroyed them with some punishment before it, they would assuredly have said: Our Lord! If only Thou hadst sent unto us a messenger, so that we might have followed Thy revelations before we were (thus) humbled and disgraced!” (20:134) 00:13:31.750 --> 00:13:34.629 and had We destroyed these polytheists 00:13:34.629 --> 00:13:37.190 who deny this Qur’an 00:13:37.590 --> 00:13:39.830 before We revealed it to them, 00:13:40.470 --> 00:13:42.470 they would have said on the Day of Resurrection: 00:13:43.029 --> 00:13:46.149 "Our Lord, why did You not send a messenger to us, 00:13:46.149 --> 00:13:47.909 calling us to Your obedience, 00:13:48.309 --> 00:13:50.870 so that we could follow Your proof and evidence, 00:13:51.269 --> 00:13:54.389 before we were humiliated by Your punishment of us, 00:13:54.389 --> 00:13:55.509 and disgraced by it?" 00:13:56.840 --> 00:14:02.600 “Say: Each is awaiting; so await ye! Ye will come to know who are the owners of the path of equity, and who is right.” (20:135) 00:14:02.919 --> 00:14:07.799 “Say: Each is awaiting; so await ye! Ye will come to know who are the owners of the path of equity, and who is right.” (20:135) 00:14:07.799 --> 00:14:09.480 And whoever is guided, 00:14:11.179 --> 00:14:12.379 say, O Muhammad: 00:14:13.019 --> 00:14:15.419 "All of you, O those who associate partners with Allah, 00:14:15.419 --> 00:14:17.740 are waiting to see who will have the success, 00:14:18.379 --> 00:14:21.019 and what my affair and your affair will lead to. 00:14:21.580 --> 00:14:23.500 So watch and wait, 00:14:23.980 --> 00:14:26.940 for you will soon know who is on the straight path, 00:14:26.940 --> 00:14:29.419 the path that is balanced and has no crookedness in it, 00:14:29.899 --> 00:14:31.419 whether it is we or you." 00:14:32.059 --> 00:14:34.779 And you will know then who is the guided one, 00:14:34.779 --> 00:14:36.940 who is upon the way of the path, 00:14:37.500 --> 00:14:39.340 the one who is direct and not deviating, 00:14:39.340 --> 00:14:41.899 and who is off the path, whether it is we or you. 00:14:44.679 --> 00:14:47.480 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.