In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.
Surah al-Mumtahanah.
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
“It may be that Allah will ordain love between you and those of them with whom ye are at enmity. Allah is Mighty, and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:7)
And Allah is All-Powerful.
And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
Allah may yet bring about affection between you and those of your enemies with whom you have been at enmity, O believers.
And Allah did indeed bring that about for them.
By causing many of them to embrace Islam.
So they became their allies and companions.
And Allah is Forgiving of the sin of anyone who showed affection to the polytheists, if he repents from it.
And He is Merciful toward them, not punishing them after their repentance.
“Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers.” (60:8)
“Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers.” (60:8)
“Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers.” (60:8)
That you should treat them kindly and deal justly with them.
Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.
“Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers.” (60:8)
“Allah forbiddeth you not those who warred not against you on account of religion and drove you not out from your homes, that ye should show them kindness and deal justly with them. Lo! Allah loveth the just dealers.” (60:8)
That you should treat them kindly through your benevolence toward them.
There is no validity to the statement of those who claim otherwise.
For a believer’s kindness toward those at war with him—whether they are related by blood,
Or those with whom there is no kinship,
Is neither forbidden nor prohibited,
Provided there is no indication in that of revealing the vulnerabilities of the Muslims,
Or strengthening them with mounts or weapons.
Indeed, Allah loves the fair-minded who are kind to those who are kind to them,
And who do good to those who do good to them.
“Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.” (60:9)
And drove you out of your homes.
“Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.” (60:9)
“Allah forbiddeth you only those who warred against you on account of religion and have driven you out from your homes and helped to drive you out, that ye make friends of them. Whosoever maketh friends of them - (All) such are wrong-doers.” (60:9)
Allah only forbids you, O believers, from befriending those who fought you over the religion,
And drove you out of your homes,
And supported those who drove you out in your expulsion.
He forbids you from taking them as allies and supporters.
And whoever takes them as allies from among you,
Then it is they who have placed their allegiance in the wrong place,
And have disobeyed the command of Allah in that regard.
O you who have believed,
When the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them.
Allah is most knowing of their faith.
And if you know them to be believers,
“O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (60:10)
“O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (60:10)
And give them what they have spent.
“O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (60:10)
Once you have given them their dowries.
And do not hold onto the marriage bonds of disbelieving women.
And ask for what you have spent.
And let them ask for what they have spent.
“O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (60:10)
And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
O you who have believed,
When the believing women come to you as emigrants,
From the land of disbelief to the land of Islam,
Ask them what brought them.
If it was brought about by anger toward their husbands or some other reason,
And they did not believe,
Then return them to their husbands.
Allah is most knowing of the faith of those women who come to you as emigrants.
If they affirm, upon examination, that which validates their profession of faith,
Then do not turn them back from that to the disbelievers.
This was said to the believers,
Because a treaty had been concluded between the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,
And the polytheists of Quraysh at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah,
That the Muslims would return to the polytheists anyone who came to them as a Muslim.
So this condition was abrogated regarding women.
The believing women are not lawful for the disbelievers,
Nor are the disbelievers lawful for the believing women.
And give the polytheists whose wives have come to you as believers,
Once you have verified they are believers and have not returned them to them,
What they spent on their dowries for marrying them.
And there is no sin upon you, O believers, to marry these emigrant women,
Who have joined you from the land of war,
Having separated from their husbands,
Even if they still have husbands in the land of war,
Once you have verified they are believers,
And once you have given them their dowries.
And do not hold on, O believers, to the marriage bonds and ties of disbelieving women.
This is a prohibition from Allah to the believers against proceeding to marry polytheistic women from among the idolaters,
And a command for them to separate from them.
And ask, O believers, those whose wives have left and joined the polytheists,
For what you spent on the dowries of your wives who joined them,
From those who married them among them.
And let the polytheists whose wives have joined you as believers ask,
If they married among you, for what they spent on their dowries.
This is the ruling that I have decreed between you.
Regarding your command, O believers, to ask the polytheists,
It is the decree of Allah between you, so do not transgress it.
And Allah is All-Knowing of what benefits His creation and other matters,
Wise in His management of them.
“And if any of your wives have gone from you unto the disbelievers and afterward ye have your turn (of triumph), then give unto those whose wives have gone the like of that which they have spent, and keep your duty to Allah in Whom ye are believers.” (60:11)
And fear Allah, in whom you are believers.
And if you lose, O believers, any of your wives to the disbelievers and they join them,
Then give to those whose wives have gone from you to the disbelievers,
The equivalent of what they spent on their dowries.
And fear Allah, in whom you are believers, O you who believe.
So fear Him by performing His obligatory duties and avoiding His prohibitions.
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
O Prophet, when the believing women come to you pledging to you that they will not associate anything with Allah, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children,
“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)
Nor bring forth a slander they have fabricated between their hands and feet,
Nor attribute to their husbands children who are not theirs,
Nor disobey you, O Muhammad, in any good matter that Allah the Almighty commands them to do.
And the "good" that was stipulated for them included [the prohibition of] wailing [over the dead].
When the believing women come to you pledging to these conditions,
Ask Allah to forgive their sins and conceal them through His pardon for them.
Indeed, Allah is the Concealer of the sins of those who repent to Him, not punishing them for them after their repentance.
“O ye who believe! Be not friendly with a folk with whom Allah is wroth, (a folk) who have despaired of the Hereafter as the disbelievers despair of those who are in the graves.” (60:13)
They have despaired of the Hereafter just as the disbelievers have despaired of the inhabitants of the graves.
“O ye who believe! Be not friendly with a folk with whom Allah is wroth, (a folk) who have despaired of the Hereafter as the disbelievers despair of those who are in the graves.” (60:13)
Those upon whom Allah has been angry—the Jews—have despaired of Allah’s reward and honor in the Hereafter,
Just as the disbelievers who passed away before them despaired, for they perished,
And became inhabitants of the graves.
And they are in a state similar to what these people are in,
Regarding their denial of Jesus, peace be upon him, and other messengers.
A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.