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The Forty Hadith of al-Nawawi

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On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both,

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"I have been commanded to fight the people

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until they bear witness that there is no god but Allah

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and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,

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and establish prayer and pay the zakat.

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If they do that, their blood and wealth are protected from me,

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except by the right of Islam,

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and their reckoning is with Allah the Exalted."

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Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim.

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This hadith clarifies

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that the sanctity of people's blood and wealth

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is established by their entry into Islam

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and the manifestation of its great rites,

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such as establishing prayer and paying the zakat.

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It also clarifies that Islam

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is a religion of order and justice

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that preserves rights and establishes society

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upon the foundation of monotheism and obedience to Allah the Exalted.

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The hadith emphasizes that the true reckoning

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regarding hearts and intentions is with Allah, glory be to Him,

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whereas legal rulings in this world

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are based upon outward appearances.