WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:07.599 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:07.599 --> 00:00:12.789 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil Ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.789 --> 00:00:18.609 Surah al-Insan. 00:00:18.609 --> 00:00:22.609 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.609 --> 00:00:31.609 “Hath there come upon man (ever) any period of time in which he was a thing unremembered?” (76:1) 00:00:31.609 --> 00:00:37.539 “Hath there come upon man (ever) any period of time in which he was a thing unremembered?” (76:1) 00:00:37.539 --> 00:00:42.539 He was not a thing of any prominence, loftiness, or nobility. 00:00:42.539 --> 00:00:46.539 He was merely cohesive clay and altered black mud. 00:00:46.539 --> 00:00:56.270 “Lo! We create man from a drop of thickened fluid to test him; so We make him hearing, knowing.” (76:2) 00:00:56.270 --> 00:01:02.270 So We made him hearing and seeing. 00:01:02.270 --> 00:01:11.269 We have guided him to the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful. 00:01:11.269 --> 00:01:17.099 We created the offspring of Adam from a mixture of fluids. 00:01:17.099 --> 00:01:20.099 From the sperm of the man and the ovum of the woman. 00:01:20.099 --> 00:01:24.099 We test him, and We have made him possessor of hearing with which he hears. 00:01:24.099 --> 00:01:26.099 And possessor of sight with which he sees. 00:01:26.099 --> 00:01:29.099 This is a favor from Allah to His servants. 00:01:29.099 --> 00:01:31.099 And a mercy from Him toward them. 00:01:31.099 --> 00:01:33.099 And a proof for Him against them. 00:01:33.099 --> 00:01:38.099 We have clarified for him the path to Paradise and made his way known. 00:01:38.099 --> 00:01:40.099 Whether he shows gratitude or ingratitude. 00:01:40.099 --> 00:01:48.939 “Lo! We have prepared for disbelievers manacles and carcans and a raging fire.” (76:4) 00:01:48.939 --> 00:01:54.480 We have prepared for those who deny Our favor and disobey Our command. 00:01:54.480 --> 00:01:58.480 Chains with which they are bound tightly in Hell. 00:01:59.480 --> 00:02:03.480 And their hands are shackled with fetters to their necks. 00:02:03.480 --> 00:02:07.480 And a fire that is stoked and blazes against them. 00:02:07.480 --> 00:02:17.310 “Lo! the righteous shall drink of a cup whereof the mixture is of Kafur,” (76:5) 00:02:17.310 --> 00:02:25.310 “A spring wherefrom the slaves of Allah drink, making it gush forth abundantly,” (76:6) 00:02:25.310 --> 00:02:33.180 Indeed, those who were righteous by obeying their Lord in performing His obligations and avoiding His prohibitions. 00:02:33.180 --> 00:02:40.180 Shall drink from a cup whose mixture is camphor, in the pleasantness of its scent. 00:02:40.180 --> 00:02:45.180 From a spring from which the servants of Allah drink, whom He admits into Paradise. 00:02:45.180 --> 00:02:51.180 They cause that spring from which they drink to gush forth however and wherever they wish. 00:02:51.180 --> 00:02:55.180 From their dwellings and palaces, they cause it to flow. 00:02:55.180 --> 00:03:04.979 “(Because) they perform the vow and fear a day whereof the evil is wide-spreading,” (76:7) 00:03:04.979 --> 00:03:12.979 “And feed with food the needy wretch, the orphan and the prisoner, for love of Him,” (76:8) 00:03:12.979 --> 00:03:29.009 “(Saying): We feed you, for the sake of Allah only. We wish for no reward nor thanks from you;” (76:9) 00:03:29.009 --> 00:03:35.939 Indeed, the righteous who drink from a cup whose mixture is camphor. 00:03:35.939 --> 00:03:41.939 Were righteous in fulfilling the vows they used to make in obedience to Allah. 00:03:41.939 --> 00:03:47.939 And they fear the punishment of Allah by failing to fulfill the righteousness they vowed to Him. 00:03:47.939 --> 00:03:53.939 On a day whose evil is widespread, extended, long, and pervasive. 00:03:53.939 --> 00:04:00.939 And these righteous ones used to feed food, despite their love for it and their desire for it. 00:04:00.939 --> 00:04:04.939 To those in need who have been humbled by poverty. 00:04:04.939 --> 00:04:08.939 And the orphan whose father has died and who possesses nothing. 00:04:08.939 --> 00:04:13.939 And the captive from the people of the house of war, taken by force through victory. 00:04:13.939 --> 00:04:17.939 Or from the people of the Qiblah, taken and imprisoned for a just cause. 00:04:17.939 --> 00:04:23.939 They say, "We only feed you seeking the pleasure of Allah and proximity to Him." 00:04:23.939 --> 00:04:29.939 "We desire from you, O people, neither reward nor thanks for our feeding you." 00:04:29.939 --> 00:04:37.800 “Lo! we fear from our Lord a day of frowning and of fate.” (76:10) 00:04:37.800 --> 00:04:46.800 “Therefor Allah hath warded off from them the evil of that day, and hath made them find brightness and joy;” (76:11) 00:04:46.800 --> 00:04:53.800 And He rewarded them for their patience with a garden and silk. 00:04:53.800 --> 00:05:04.800 “Reclining therein upon couches, they will find there neither (heat of) a sun nor bitter cold.” (76:13) 00:05:04.800 --> 00:05:12.759 "We do not feed you food seeking from you any compensation for our feeding you, nor thanks." 00:05:12.759 --> 00:05:18.759 "Rather, we feed you out of hope that our Lord will protect us from His punishment." 00:05:18.759 --> 00:05:21.759 On a day of intense terror and grave significance. 00:05:21.759 --> 00:05:25.759 Faces will be contorted on that day due to the severity of its hardships. 00:05:25.759 --> 00:05:28.759 The affliction of its people will be long and severe. 00:05:29.819 --> 00:05:35.819 So Allah protected them from the evil of that grim, calamitous day which they used to fear in the world. 00:05:35.819 --> 00:05:38.819 Because of what they used to do in the world. 00:05:38.819 --> 00:05:43.819 And He granted them radiance in their faces and joy in their hearts. 00:05:43.819 --> 00:05:47.819 And Allah rewarded them for their patience in the world in His obedience. 00:05:47.819 --> 00:05:52.819 And for acting in a way that pleases Him, with a garden and silk. 00:05:52.819 --> 00:05:56.819 Reclining in Paradise on couches within canopied pavilions. 00:05:56.819 --> 00:06:00.819 They will not see therein a sun to harm them with its heat. 00:06:00.819 --> 00:06:05.589 Nor a bitter cold to harm them with its chill. 00:06:05.589 --> 00:06:12.589 Its shade will be close over them, and its fruits will be made easy to reach. 00:06:12.589 --> 00:06:22.589 “Goblets of silver are brought round for them, and beakers (as) of glass” (76:15) 00:06:22.589 --> 00:06:29.589 Vessels of silver, which they have measured with precise measurement. 00:06:29.589 --> 00:06:37.589 “There are they watered with a cup whereof the mixture is of Zanjabil,” (76:17) 00:06:37.589 --> 00:06:44.420 A spring therein called Salsabil. 00:06:44.420 --> 00:06:47.420 The shade of its trees will be brought near to them. 00:06:47.420 --> 00:06:50.420 And the harvesting of its fruits will be made easy for them. 00:06:50.420 --> 00:06:55.420 However they wish—sitting, standing, or reclining. 00:06:55.420 --> 00:07:01.420 And there will circulate among these righteous ones vessels of silver, clear as glass. 00:07:01.420 --> 00:07:05.420 They possess the whiteness of silver and the clarity of glass. 00:07:05.420 --> 00:07:10.420 And along with the vessels, there will circulate large jars containing the drink. 00:07:10.420 --> 00:07:17.420 They have measured those vessels that are circulated among them according to the measure of their thirst. 00:07:17.420 --> 00:07:20.420 Neither exceeding nor falling short of that. 00:07:20.420 --> 00:07:28.490 And these righteous people will be given to drink in Paradise a cup whose mixture is ginger. 00:07:28.490 --> 00:07:32.490 A spring in Paradise described by its smoothness in the throat. 00:07:32.490 --> 00:07:38.490 And in the state of its flow and its submission to the people of Paradise, they direct it wherever they wish. 00:07:38.490 --> 00:07:50.540 “There wait on them immortal youths, whom, when thou seest, thou wouldst take for scattered pearls.” (76:19) 00:07:50.540 --> 00:07:57.540 “When thou seest, thou wilt see there bliss and high estate.” (76:20) 00:07:57.540 --> 00:08:04.540 “Their raiment will be fine green silk and gold embroidery. Bracelets of silver will they wear. Their Lord will slake their thirst with a pure drink.” (76:21) 00:08:04.540 --> 00:08:13.540 “Their raiment will be fine green silk and gold embroidery. Bracelets of silver will they wear. Their Lord will slake their thirst with a pure drink.” (76:21) 00:08:13.540 --> 00:08:23.540 “(And it will be said unto them): Lo! this is a reward for you. Your endeavour (upon earth) hath found acceptance.” (76:22) 00:08:23.540 --> 00:08:29.569 And there will circulate among these righteous ones youths who do not die. 00:08:29.569 --> 00:08:35.570 Remaining in one state, never changing with old age, gray hair, or death. 00:08:35.570 --> 00:08:41.570 If you were to see, O Muhammad, these youths, whether gathered or dispersed. 00:08:41.570 --> 00:08:48.570 You would think them, in their beauty, the purity of their faces, and their abundance, to be scattered pearls. 00:08:48.570 --> 00:08:52.570 And if you look with your sight, O Muhammad, and cast your gaze. 00:08:52.570 --> 00:08:57.570 Upon what has been given to these righteous ones in Paradise of honor. 00:08:57.570 --> 00:09:02.570 You will see bliss and, along with that bliss, a great kingdom. 00:09:02.570 --> 00:09:07.570 Upon these righteous ones will be garments of fine green silk. 00:09:07.570 --> 00:09:10.570 And over them will be that which is thick of silk. 00:09:10.570 --> 00:09:18.570 Their Lord will adorn them with bracelets, and their Lord will give these righteous ones a pure drink. 00:09:18.570 --> 00:09:22.570 And part of its purity is that it does not become impure urine. 00:09:22.570 --> 00:09:27.570 Rather, it becomes a perspiration from their bodies like the scent of musk. 00:09:27.570 --> 00:09:31.730 It will be said to these righteous ones at that time: 00:09:31.730 --> 00:09:34.730 "Indeed, this which We have given you of honor..." 00:09:34.730 --> 00:09:40.730 "...was for you a reward for the righteous deeds you used to do in the world." 00:09:40.730 --> 00:09:43.730 "And your work therein was appreciated." 00:09:43.730 --> 00:09:47.730 Your Lord praised you for it and was pleased with it for you. 00:09:54.399 --> 00:10:02.399 “So submit patiently to thy Lord's command, and obey not of them any guilty one or disbeliever.” (76:24) 00:10:02.399 --> 00:10:07.399 “Remember the name of thy Lord at morn and evening.” (76:25) 00:10:07.399 --> 00:10:14.399 “And worship Him (a portion) of the night. And glorify Him through the livelong night.” (76:26) 00:10:14.399 --> 00:10:21.139 Indeed, it is We who have sent down to you, O Muhammad, this Qur'an in stages. 00:10:21.139 --> 00:10:24.139 As a trial and a test from Us. 00:10:24.139 --> 00:10:30.139 So be patient for the sake of your Lord regarding the obligations He has tested you with and the conveying of His messages. 00:10:30.139 --> 00:10:36.139 And for fulfilling what He has bound you to fulfill in the revelation He has inspired to you. 00:10:36.139 --> 00:10:41.139 And do not obey, in the disobedience of Allah, any sinner who seeks, by committing his sins. 00:10:41.139 --> 00:10:44.139 Or by denying His favors and blessings. 00:10:44.139 --> 00:10:50.169 And remember, O Muhammad, the name of your Lord, and call upon Him by it in the morning, in the dawn prayer. 00:10:50.169 --> 00:10:53.169 And in the evening, in the Dhuhr and 'Asr prayers. 00:10:53.169 --> 00:10:58.169 And during the night, prostrate to Him in your prayer, and glorify Him for most of the night. 00:10:58.169 --> 00:11:14.149 “Lo! these love fleeting life, and put behind them (the remembrance of) a grievous day.” (76:27) 00:11:14.149 --> 00:11:19.149 “We, even We, created them, and strengthened their frame. And when We will, We can replace them, bringing others like them in their stead.” (76:28) 00:11:19.149 --> 00:11:25.149 “We, even We, created them, and strengthened their frame. And when We will, We can replace them, bringing others like them in their stead.” (76:28) 00:11:25.149 --> 00:11:31.980 Indeed, these polytheists who associate partners with Allah love the world and remaining in it. 00:11:31.980 --> 00:11:37.980 Its adornment amazes them, and they cast behind their backs the work for the Hereafter. 00:11:37.980 --> 00:11:41.980 And they have nothing therein that would save them from the punishment of Allah on that day. 00:11:41.980 --> 00:11:48.080 We created these polytheists who associate partners with Allah, who oppose His command and His prohibition. 00:11:48.080 --> 00:11:54.080 And We strengthened their constitution, and if We willed, We could destroy them. 00:11:54.080 --> 00:12:00.080 And bring others like them from the creation who are different from them in their deeds. 00:12:00.080 --> 00:12:11.940 Indeed, this is a reminder, so whoever wills may take a way to his Lord. 00:12:11.940 --> 00:12:24.389 “Yet ye will not, unless Allah willeth. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.” (76:30) 00:12:24.389 --> 00:12:36.389 “He maketh whom He will to enter His mercy, and for evil-doers hath prepared a painful doom.” (76:31) 00:12:38.129 --> 00:12:43.129 Indeed, this Surah is a reminder for whoever remembers, takes heed, and reflects. 00:12:43.129 --> 00:12:48.129 So whoever wills, O people, let him take a way to the pleasure of his Lord. 00:12:48.129 --> 00:12:53.220 By acting in obedience to Him and adhering to His command and His prohibition. 00:12:53.220 --> 00:12:58.220 And you do not will to take the way to your Lord, O people. 00:12:58.220 --> 00:13:04.220 Unless Allah wills that for you, for the matter belongs to Him, not to you. 00:13:04.220 --> 00:13:12.220 Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise; therefore, no one among you will escape what has already been decreed in His knowledge regarding your management. 00:13:12.220 --> 00:13:20.289 Your Lord admits whom He wills of you into His mercy, so He forgives him his sins and admits him into His Paradise. 00:13:20.289 --> 00:13:25.289 And those who wronged themselves and died in their state of polytheism. 00:13:25.289 --> 00:13:31.289 He has prepared for them in the Hereafter a painful, agonizing punishment, which is the punishment of Hell. 00:13:31.289 --> 00:13:37.080 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.