1 00:00:00,050 --> 00:00:03,569 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,569 --> 00:00:13,060 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 3 00:00:13,060 --> 00:00:17,699 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah). 4 00:00:17,699 --> 00:00:22,850 Authored by Sheikh Musa bin Rashid al-Azimi. 5 00:00:22,850 --> 00:00:24,850 May Allah preserve him. 6 00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:29,739 The second year of the Hijrah. 7 00:00:29,739 --> 00:00:32,380 The Expedition of al-Abwa’. 8 00:00:32,380 --> 00:00:35,310 Also known as Waddan. 9 00:00:35,390 --> 00:00:40,590 This was the first expedition led by the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 10 00:00:40,590 --> 00:00:42,590 Imam al-Bukhari stated: 11 00:00:42,590 --> 00:00:44,590 And Ibn Ishaq stated: 12 00:00:44,590 --> 00:00:48,590 The first expedition of the Prophet, peace be upon him, was 13 00:00:48,590 --> 00:00:50,590 to al-Abwa’, then Buwat, 14 00:00:50,590 --> 00:00:52,590 then al-Ushayrah. 15 00:00:52,590 --> 00:00:54,689 This took place in the month of Safar, 16 00:00:54,689 --> 00:01:00,689 twelve months after the arrival of the Prophet, peace be upon him, in Medina. 17 00:01:00,689 --> 00:01:04,689 He entrusted his banner to Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with him. 18 00:01:04,689 --> 00:01:06,689 It was a white banner. 19 00:01:06,689 --> 00:01:12,689 He appointed Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina. 20 00:01:12,689 --> 00:01:18,689 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with 70 men from the Muhajirun, 21 00:01:18,689 --> 00:01:20,689 with no one from the Ansar among them. 22 00:01:20,689 --> 00:01:22,689 He reached al-Abwa’, 23 00:01:22,689 --> 00:01:24,689 intending to intercept a caravan of the Quraysh, 24 00:01:24,689 --> 00:01:26,689 but he did not encounter any conflict. 25 00:01:26,689 --> 00:01:30,689 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, concluded a peace treaty 26 00:01:30,689 --> 00:01:32,689 during this expedition 27 00:01:32,689 --> 00:01:34,689 with Makhshi ibn 'Amr al-Damri, 28 00:01:34,689 --> 00:01:38,689 who was the leader of the Banu Damrah in his time, 29 00:01:38,689 --> 00:01:40,689 stipulating that he would not raid the Banu Damrah, 30 00:01:40,689 --> 00:01:44,689 nor would they raid him or gather forces against him, 31 00:01:44,689 --> 00:01:46,689 nor would they assist any enemy against him. 32 00:01:46,689 --> 00:01:50,689 He wrote a formal document between himself and them. 33 00:01:50,689 --> 00:01:54,689 The absence of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, during this expedition 34 00:01:54,689 --> 00:01:56,689 lasted 15 nights. 35 00:01:56,689 --> 00:02:00,510 The Expedition of Buwat. 36 00:02:00,510 --> 00:02:06,989 This was the second expedition of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 37 00:02:06,989 --> 00:02:08,990 It took place in Rabi' al-Awwal, 38 00:02:08,990 --> 00:02:12,990 thirteen months after his migration. 39 00:02:12,990 --> 00:02:17,990 He entrusted his banner to Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with him. 40 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:22,990 He appointed Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina. 41 00:02:22,990 --> 00:02:28,990 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with 200 of his Companions from the Muhajirun, 42 00:02:28,990 --> 00:02:34,990 intending to intercept a Quraysh caravan containing Umayyah ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi, 43 00:02:34,990 --> 00:02:36,990 and one hundred men from the Quraysh, 44 00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:39,990 along with two thousand five hundred camels. 45 00:02:39,990 --> 00:02:43,990 He reached Buwat in the region of Radwa, 46 00:02:43,990 --> 00:02:47,990 but he did not encounter any conflict and returned to Medina. 47 00:02:47,990 --> 00:02:51,719 The Expedition of al-Ushayrah. 48 00:02:51,719 --> 00:02:58,099 This was the third expedition of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. 49 00:02:58,099 --> 00:03:00,099 It took place in Jumada al-Akhirah, 50 00:03:00,099 --> 00:03:06,099 sixteen months after the migration of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 51 00:03:06,099 --> 00:03:11,099 He entrusted his banner to Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, may Allah be pleased with him. 52 00:03:11,099 --> 00:03:13,099 It was a white banner. 53 00:03:13,099 --> 00:03:20,139 He appointed Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina. 54 00:03:20,139 --> 00:03:25,139 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with 500 men, 55 00:03:25,139 --> 00:03:29,139 though it is said 200 of the Muhajirun. 56 00:03:29,139 --> 00:03:32,139 He did not compel anyone to join the expedition. 57 00:03:32,139 --> 00:03:36,139 They set out with thirty camels, taking turns riding them. 58 00:03:36,139 --> 00:03:40,139 They intended to intercept a Quraysh caravan heading to the Levant. 59 00:03:40,139 --> 00:03:47,139 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had received news of its departure from Mecca. 60 00:03:47,139 --> 00:03:49,139 It contained the wealth of the Quraysh. 61 00:03:49,139 --> 00:03:54,139 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, reached al-Ushayrah, 62 00:03:54,139 --> 00:03:58,139 but found that the caravan had passed by days earlier. 63 00:03:58,139 --> 00:04:04,139 This is the same caravan that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out to pursue 64 00:04:04,139 --> 00:04:06,139 when it returned from the Levant, 65 00:04:06,139 --> 00:04:13,139 and it is the one that Allah promised him—either the caravan or the armed force— 66 00:04:13,139 --> 00:04:16,139 which led to the Great Battle of Badr. 67 00:04:16,139 --> 00:04:22,899 The Expedition of Safwan, or the First Battle of Badr. 68 00:04:24,660 --> 00:04:31,660 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did not stay in Medina upon returning from the expedition of al-Ushayrah 69 00:04:31,660 --> 00:04:34,660 for more than ten nights, 70 00:04:34,660 --> 00:04:39,660 before Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri raided the grazing livestock of Medina 71 00:04:39,660 --> 00:04:41,660 and drove them away. 72 00:04:41,660 --> 00:04:48,660 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, set out with seventy of his Companions from the Muhajirun. 73 00:04:48,660 --> 00:04:52,660 He entrusted his banner to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him. 74 00:04:52,660 --> 00:04:54,660 It was a white banner. 75 00:04:54,660 --> 00:04:59,660 He appointed Zayd ibn Harithah, may Allah be pleased with him, as his deputy in Medina. 76 00:04:59,660 --> 00:05:03,660 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, pursued him 77 00:05:03,660 --> 00:05:08,660 until he reached a valley called Safwan in the vicinity of Badr. 78 00:05:08,660 --> 00:05:13,660 Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri escaped, and he did not catch him. 79 00:05:13,660 --> 00:05:18,660 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, returned to Medina. 80 00:05:18,660 --> 00:05:26,550 The detachment (sariyyah) of 'Abdullah ibn Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with him, to Nakhlah. 81 00:05:26,550 --> 00:05:30,939 Then the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, sent 82 00:05:30,939 --> 00:05:35,939 'Abdullah ibn Jahsh al-Asadi, may Allah be pleased with him, to Nakhlah. 83 00:05:35,939 --> 00:05:41,939 He sent with him eight of the Muhajirun, with no one from the Ansar among them. 84 00:05:41,939 --> 00:05:46,939 This was in Rajab, seventeen months after the Hijrah. 85 00:05:46,939 --> 00:05:50,939 Every two men took turns riding one camel. 86 00:05:50,939 --> 00:05:55,939 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, wrote a letter for him, 87 00:05:55,939 --> 00:06:01,939 and commanded him not to look at it until he had traveled for two days, then to read it, 88 00:06:01,939 --> 00:06:06,939 and to carry out what he was commanded without compelling any of his Companions. 89 00:06:06,939 --> 00:06:10,939 'Abdullah ibn Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with him, set out. 90 00:06:10,939 --> 00:06:15,939 After traveling for two days, he opened the letter, which read: 91 00:06:15,939 --> 00:06:22,939 "When you read this letter, proceed until you encamp at Nakhlah between Mecca and Ta'if, 92 00:06:22,939 --> 00:06:27,939 lie in wait for the Quraysh there, and gather news for us about them." 93 00:06:27,939 --> 00:06:31,939 He said, "I hear and I obey." 94 00:06:31,939 --> 00:06:36,939 He then informed his Companions of this, stating that he would not compel them. 95 00:06:36,939 --> 00:06:42,939 "Whoever desires martyrdom, let him proceed; whoever fears death, let him return." 96 00:06:42,939 --> 00:06:47,939 "As for me, I am proceeding." So they all went with him. 97 00:06:47,939 --> 00:06:53,129 While on the way, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas 98 00:06:53,129 --> 00:06:59,129 and 'Utbah ibn Ghazwan, may Allah be pleased with them, lost a camel they were taking turns riding. 99 00:06:59,129 --> 00:07:05,189 They stayed behind to search for it, while 'Abdullah ibn Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with him, continued 100 00:07:05,189 --> 00:07:09,189 with the rest of his Companions until they encamped at Nakhlah. 101 00:07:09,189 --> 00:07:15,290 A Quraysh caravan passed by, carrying raisins, leather, and trade goods. 102 00:07:15,290 --> 00:07:22,290 Among them were 'Amr ibn al-Hadrami, 'Uthman and Nawfal, the sons of 'Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, 103 00:07:22,290 --> 00:07:26,290 and al-Hakam ibn Kaysan, the freedman of Hisham ibn al-Mughirah. 104 00:07:26,290 --> 00:07:33,290 The Muslims consulted one another, saying, "We are in the last day of Rajab, the sacred month." 105 00:07:33,290 --> 00:07:37,290 "If we fight them, we will violate the sacred month." 106 00:07:38,290 --> 00:07:42,290 "But if we leave them tonight, they will enter the Sacred Territory." 107 00:07:42,290 --> 00:07:45,290 They then resolved to confront them. 108 00:07:45,290 --> 00:07:51,290 Waqid ibn 'Abdullah al-Tamimi shot 'Amr ibn al-Hadrami with an arrow and killed him. 109 00:07:51,290 --> 00:07:54,290 The Muslims attacked them, 110 00:07:54,290 --> 00:07:58,290 taking 'Uthman ibn 'Abdullah and al-Hakam ibn Kaysan as prisoners, 111 00:07:58,290 --> 00:08:01,449 while Nawfal ibn 'Abdullah escaped. 112 00:08:01,449 --> 00:08:05,449 They then brought the caravan and the two prisoners to Medina. 113 00:08:05,449 --> 00:08:08,449 They had set aside one-fifth of the spoils. 114 00:08:08,449 --> 00:08:13,449 This detachment marked the first one-fifth (khums) in Islam, 115 00:08:13,449 --> 00:08:16,449 the first polytheist killed in Islam, 116 00:08:16,449 --> 00:08:19,540 and the first two prisoners in Islam. 117 00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:22,540 When they arrived in Medina, 118 00:08:22,540 --> 00:08:27,540 the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, disapproved of what they had done. 119 00:08:27,540 --> 00:08:32,539 They, may Allah be pleased with them, had acted based on their own ijtihad (legal reasoning). 120 00:08:32,539 --> 00:08:36,539 The men were deeply distressed, may Allah be pleased with them, 121 00:08:36,539 --> 00:08:39,580 and thought they were ruined. 122 00:08:39,580 --> 00:08:43,580 The Quraysh intensified their criticism and condemnation of the act, 123 00:08:43,580 --> 00:08:47,580 saying, "Muhammad has made the sacred month lawful." 124 00:08:47,580 --> 00:08:50,580 Then Allah the Almighty revealed: 125 00:09:03,580 --> 00:09:06,580 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217) 126 00:09:06,580 --> 00:09:11,580 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217) 127 00:09:11,580 --> 00:09:14,580 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217) 128 00:09:14,580 --> 00:09:17,580 "And they will continue to fight you..." 129 00:09:17,580 --> 00:09:23,580 “They question thee (O Muhammad) with regard to warfare in the sacred month. Say: Warfare therein is a great (transgression), but to turn (men) from the way of Allah, and to disbelieve in Him and in the Inviolable Place of Worship, and to expel His people thence, is a greater with Allah; for persecution is worse than killing. And they will not cease from fighting against you till they have made you renegades from your religion, if they can. And whoso becometh a renegade and dieth in his disbelief: such are they whose works have fallen both in the world and the Hereafter. Such are rightful owners of the Fire: they will abide therein.” (2:217) 130 00:09:23,580 --> 00:09:27,580 "And whoever among you turns back from his religion 131 00:09:27,580 --> 00:09:30,580 and dies while he is a disbeliever, 132 00:09:30,580 --> 00:09:39,580 for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter, 133 00:09:39,580 --> 00:09:46,580 and those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally." 134 00:09:46,580 --> 00:09:49,580 The scholar Ibn Kathir stated: 135 00:09:49,580 --> 00:09:51,580 "The Almighty says: 136 00:09:51,580 --> 00:09:54,580 This incident, even if it was a mistake, 137 00:09:54,580 --> 00:09:58,580 because fighting in the sacred month is a grave matter before Allah, 138 00:09:58,580 --> 00:10:02,580 yet what you, O polytheists, are engaged in— 139 00:10:02,580 --> 00:10:04,580 of blocking the path of Allah, 140 00:10:04,580 --> 00:10:07,580 disbelieving in Him and in the Sacred Mosque, 141 00:10:07,580 --> 00:10:09,580 and expelling Muhammad and his Companions, 142 00:10:09,580 --> 00:10:13,580 who are in truth the people of the Sacred Mosque— 143 00:10:13,580 --> 00:10:18,580 is greater before Allah than fighting in the sacred month." 144 00:10:18,580 --> 00:10:23,669 A Concise Summary of the Prophetic biography (Seerah). 145 00:10:29,669 --> 00:10:36,669 For the longing toward you knows no bounds; 146 00:10:36,669 --> 00:10:43,250 May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised, 147 00:10:43,250 --> 00:10:51,399 and as long as lips move in remembrance.