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Summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah.

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Understanding the causes of cosmic phenomena does not negate the purpose behind their occurrence.

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Investigating the causes of natural phenomena is not inherently objectionable.

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Such as solar and lunar eclipses, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, storms, and so forth.

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However, what is objectionable and forbidden is to limit the explanation of these phenomena to a material interpretation.

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Under the pretense of linking causes to their effects.

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And forgetting that Allah, the Exalted, is the Ordainer of affairs, the Creator of causes and their effects.

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And denying that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, warns His servants with His cosmic signs.

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And Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says:

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“Naught hindereth Us from sending portents save that the folk of old denied them. And We gave Thamud the she-camel - a clear portent save to warn.” (17:59)

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“If only, when Our disaster came on them, they had been humble! But their hearts were hardened and the devil made all that they used to do seem fair unto them!” (6:43)

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“If only, when Our disaster came on them, they had been humble! But their hearts were hardened and the devil made all that they used to do seem fair unto them!” (6:43)

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And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"The sun and the moon do not eclipse because of the death or life of anyone.

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Rather, they are two signs from among the signs of Allah.

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Allah causes them to frighten His servants."

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So if you see an eclipse,

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remember Allah until it passes.

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Agreed upon.

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And it is said to those who explain the occurrence of a solar eclipse

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by the moon passing between it and the Earth,

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thus blocking its light from the Earth and causing the eclipse.

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And similarly, the explanation of a lunar eclipse

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by its passing into the Earth's shadow,

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so the sun's rays do not reflect upon it and it is not seen.

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It is said to these people:

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Your words are correct.

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And they explain the reason for the occurrence of solar and lunar eclipses.

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But who is it that brought this cause into being?

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And why does it not happen continuously and regularly?

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Rather, its occurrence is rare,

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and it happens at distant intervals.

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The answer to that is:

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They are two signs from among the signs of Allah.

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He creates their causes,

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and He makes them occur according to His knowledge and wisdom, whenever He wills.

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As a warning to His servants, and as a lesson and admonition.

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And when Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, destroyed 'Ad with a cold wind,

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He created its cause during winter,

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so that it would be intensely cold and destructive.

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And He informed His Prophet Hud,

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to warn his people of the impending punishment upon them.

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So the decisive word in this matter is:

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Natural phenomena occur by means

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that Allah, the Exalted, has ordained and brought into existence,

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according to His wisdom and plan.

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And He has placed within them signs, lessons, and admonitions

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for a people who believe.