WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.469 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.469 --> 00:00:07.469 A summary of the book: 00:00:07.469 --> 00:00:11.470 "Ramadan: Events and Lessons." 00:00:11.470 --> 00:00:17.010 The arrival of the delegations of Thaqif and Himyar 00:00:17.010 --> 00:00:19.010 to declare their Islam. 00:00:19.010 --> 00:00:22.899 The time was Ramadan 00:00:22.899 --> 00:00:28.210 of the ninth year after the Hijrah. 00:00:28.210 --> 00:00:31.210 The conquest of Mecca had a resounding echo 00:00:31.210 --> 00:00:34.299 and a profound impact among the Arabs. 00:00:34.299 --> 00:00:37.299 Entering Mecca, cleansing it of idols, 00:00:37.299 --> 00:00:40.299 and ruling it by the law of Islam 00:00:40.299 --> 00:00:43.299 was a long-awaited moment for the people 00:00:43.299 --> 00:00:46.299 who had not yet accepted Islam, 00:00:46.299 --> 00:00:49.299 whose implicit attitude was: 00:00:49.299 --> 00:00:52.530 "Let us wait and see how Muhammad fares with his own people." 00:00:52.530 --> 00:00:55.530 Thus, when the dawn of conquest gleamed in the sky of Mecca 00:00:55.530 --> 00:00:58.530 and the glad tidings of glory and empowerment appeared 00:00:58.530 --> 00:01:01.530 on its horizons in favor of the Muslims, 00:01:01.530 --> 00:01:04.530 falsehood was dispelled at that moment 00:01:04.530 --> 00:01:07.530 from those people, 00:01:07.530 --> 00:01:10.530 and they came forward pledging allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:01:10.530 --> 00:01:13.530 in Islam, in groups and individually. 00:01:13.530 --> 00:01:16.750 So in Ramadan of the ninth year 00:01:16.750 --> 00:01:19.750 of the Hijrah, 00:01:19.750 --> 00:01:22.750 right after the arrival of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:01:22.750 --> 00:01:25.750 from Tabuk, 00:01:25.750 --> 00:01:28.750 two delegations reached Medina to declare their acceptance of Islam 00:01:28.750 --> 00:01:31.780 on behalf of their respective peoples. 00:01:31.780 --> 00:01:34.780 The first delegation was that of Thaqif, 00:01:34.780 --> 00:01:37.780 and the second was that of the kings of Himyar. 00:01:37.780 --> 00:01:41.140 First: 00:01:41.140 --> 00:01:44.390 The Delegation of Thaqif. 00:01:44.390 --> 00:01:47.390 Thaqif suffered two heavy, consecutive blows. 00:01:47.390 --> 00:01:50.390 The first was the Muslims' conquest of Mecca, 00:01:50.390 --> 00:01:53.390 which in itself was 00:01:53.390 --> 00:01:56.390 a severe psychological shock to them. 00:01:56.390 --> 00:01:59.390 The second was the Battle of Hunayn, 00:01:59.390 --> 00:02:02.390 in which they, along with the other allied tribes 00:02:02.390 --> 00:02:05.390 allied with them, suffered a major military 00:02:05.390 --> 00:02:08.389 and economic loss. 00:02:08.389 --> 00:02:11.389 Then the power of the Muslims became clearly evident to them as well 00:02:11.389 --> 00:02:14.389 when remnants of their forces fled 00:02:14.389 --> 00:02:17.389 to al-Ta'if and fortified themselves there, 00:02:17.389 --> 00:02:20.389 whereupon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) pursued them 00:02:20.389 --> 00:02:23.389 with a host of Muslims 00:02:23.389 --> 00:02:26.389 and besieged them for more than a month, 00:02:26.389 --> 00:02:29.460 before turning back from them to Medina. 00:02:29.460 --> 00:02:32.460 Before the Prophet (peace be upon him) reached 00:02:32.460 --> 00:02:35.460 Medina, Urwah 00:02:35.460 --> 00:02:38.460 ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi caught up with him and embraced Islam. 00:02:38.460 --> 00:02:41.460 He then sought permission from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:02:41.460 --> 00:02:44.460 to return to his people, Thaqif, 00:02:44.460 --> 00:02:47.520 to call them to Islam. 00:02:47.520 --> 00:02:50.520 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him: 00:02:50.520 --> 00:02:53.520 "They will kill you." 00:02:53.520 --> 00:02:56.520 That was because the Prophet of Allah knew 00:02:56.520 --> 00:02:59.520 their fierce pride and refusal to submit. 00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:02.520 But Urwah said, "I am dearer to them 00:03:02.520 --> 00:03:05.520 than their own firstborn children," for he was 00:03:05.520 --> 00:03:08.550 beloved and obeyed among them. 00:03:08.550 --> 00:03:11.550 Yet a person may be deceived by people's love for him 00:03:11.550 --> 00:03:14.550 when he agrees with what they desire 00:03:14.550 --> 00:03:17.550 and does not oppose what they dislike, 00:03:17.550 --> 00:03:20.550 unaware that opposing them in such matters 00:03:20.550 --> 00:03:23.550 may reveal aspects of people's character 00:03:23.550 --> 00:03:26.740 and actions that he never expected from them. 00:03:26.740 --> 00:03:29.740 Nevertheless, Urwah returned to Thaqif, 00:03:29.740 --> 00:03:32.740 eager for their acceptance of Islam and committed to conveying the message to them. 00:03:32.740 --> 00:03:35.810 When he reached them, 00:03:35.810 --> 00:03:38.810 he informed them of his new religion 00:03:38.810 --> 00:03:41.810 and called them to it, 00:03:41.810 --> 00:03:44.810 but they gave him no respite and shot arrows at him 00:03:44.810 --> 00:03:47.810 until they killed him (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:03:47.810 --> 00:03:50.810 Thus it transpired just as the Messenger of Allah 00:03:50.810 --> 00:03:53.939 (peace be upon him) had foretold. 00:03:53.939 --> 00:03:56.939 This informs us that popular affection 00:03:56.939 --> 00:03:59.939 should not be relied upon nor depended upon, 00:03:59.939 --> 00:04:02.969 for a single stance in which the beloved figure opposes 00:04:02.969 --> 00:04:05.969 the public's desires 00:04:05.969 --> 00:04:09.030 may turn their love for him into intense hostility. 00:04:09.030 --> 00:04:12.030 Therefore, a believer should always maintain his focus on pleasing Allah 00:04:13.030 --> 00:04:16.029 and act among people in accordance with that, 00:04:16.029 --> 00:04:19.029 without caring much about people's approval 00:04:19.029 --> 00:04:22.029 or disapproval, 00:04:22.029 --> 00:04:25.029 for such feelings are swift to change in them. 00:04:25.029 --> 00:04:28.259 A few months after the killing of Urwah, Thaqif 00:04:28.259 --> 00:04:31.259 deliberated among themselves 00:04:31.259 --> 00:04:34.259 and concluded that they had no power 00:04:34.259 --> 00:04:37.259 to fight the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:04:37.259 --> 00:04:40.259 and the Arabs who were with him, 00:04:40.259 --> 00:04:43.259 even though they were a formidable and powerful tribe. 00:04:43.259 --> 00:04:47.379 So they sent a delegation to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:04:47.379 --> 00:04:50.379 among whom was Uthman ibn Abi al-Aas, 00:04:50.379 --> 00:04:53.379 who was the youngest of the group, 00:04:53.379 --> 00:04:56.379 seeking to pledge allegiance and accept Islam. 00:04:56.379 --> 00:04:59.379 This was a wise decision on their part, 00:04:59.379 --> 00:05:02.379 and better for them in their worldly life and the Hereafter, 00:05:02.379 --> 00:05:05.379 for praiseworthy courage 00:05:05.379 --> 00:05:08.509 is that which is accompanied by sound judgment. 00:05:08.509 --> 00:05:11.509 That delegation remained in Medina, 00:05:11.509 --> 00:05:14.509 negotiating with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:05:14.509 --> 00:05:17.509 regarding conditions they sought to stipulate, 00:05:17.509 --> 00:05:20.509 including that he permit them to commit fornication, 00:05:20.509 --> 00:05:23.509 drink wine, and consume usury, 00:05:23.509 --> 00:05:26.509 that he leave them their idol al-Lat, 00:05:26.509 --> 00:05:29.509 exempt them from performing the prayer, 00:05:29.509 --> 00:05:32.540 and that they not demolish their idols with their own hands. 00:05:32.540 --> 00:05:35.540 But the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) refused 00:05:35.540 --> 00:05:38.540 and accepted none of that from them, 00:05:38.540 --> 00:05:41.540 except that he exempted them from destroying their idols 00:05:41.540 --> 00:05:44.540 with their own hands. 00:05:44.540 --> 00:05:47.639 So he sent Abu Sufyan and al-Mughirah for that purpose. 00:05:47.639 --> 00:05:50.639 During the days that the delegation remained 00:05:50.639 --> 00:05:53.639 in Medina, Uthman ibn Abi al-Aas 00:05:53.639 --> 00:05:56.639 (may Allah be pleased with him) was the most eager among the delegation 00:05:56.639 --> 00:05:59.639 to gain understanding of the religion (fiqh) and listen to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:05:59.639 --> 00:06:02.639 He listened extensively to the Messenger of Allah 00:06:02.639 --> 00:06:05.639 and memorized what he could of the Qur'an. 00:06:05.639 --> 00:06:08.639 When the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) observed 00:06:08.639 --> 00:06:11.639 that deep eagerness in him, 00:06:11.639 --> 00:06:14.639 he appointed him as the leader in prayer for his people 00:06:14.639 --> 00:06:17.639 and imparted several counsels to him. 00:06:17.639 --> 00:06:20.740 In the course of this delegation's negotiations 00:06:20.740 --> 00:06:23.740 with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:06:23.740 --> 00:06:26.740 concerning those sins, 00:06:26.740 --> 00:06:29.740 there is a clear indication of their strong attachment to them. 00:06:29.740 --> 00:06:32.740 Yet the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) refused to accept 00:06:32.740 --> 00:06:35.740 their Islam and pledge of allegiance 00:06:35.740 --> 00:06:38.740 except on condition of abandoning them all, 00:06:38.740 --> 00:06:41.740 because he wanted from them a pure Islam 00:06:41.740 --> 00:06:44.740 untainted by those sins, 00:06:44.740 --> 00:06:47.740 one with which Allah Almighty is pleased. 00:06:47.740 --> 00:06:50.740 As for selective Islam, 00:06:50.740 --> 00:06:53.740 which follows personal whims and desires, 00:06:53.740 --> 00:06:56.740 it is not a complete Islam. 00:06:57.740 --> 00:07:00.740 For how can it be true Islam 00:07:00.740 --> 00:07:04.060 when there is no prayer in it? 00:07:04.060 --> 00:07:07.060 So that delegation returned to Thaqif 00:07:07.060 --> 00:07:10.060 after fasting the remainder of Ramadan with the Muslims, 00:07:10.060 --> 00:07:13.060 having pledged allegiance to Islam 00:07:13.060 --> 00:07:16.060 with all that Islam entails, without selecting 00:07:16.060 --> 00:07:19.310 among its rulings. 00:07:19.310 --> 00:07:22.310 When they arrived, al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah 00:07:22.310 --> 00:07:25.310 (may Allah be pleased with him) took a pickaxe and demolished the idol, 00:07:26.310 --> 00:07:29.310 then collected its wealth and jewelry. 00:07:29.310 --> 00:07:32.310 He then sent word to Abu Sufyan, 00:07:32.310 --> 00:07:35.310 saying to him that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:07:35.310 --> 00:07:38.310 had commanded them to settle 00:07:38.310 --> 00:07:41.310 the debts of Urwah ibn Mas'ud 00:07:41.310 --> 00:07:44.310 and his brother al-Aswad ibn Mas'ud, 00:07:44.310 --> 00:07:47.310 the father of Qarib ibn al-Aswad, 00:07:47.310 --> 00:07:50.379 from the wealth of the idol. 00:07:50.379 --> 00:07:53.379 So he settled their debts from it. 00:07:53.379 --> 00:07:56.379 Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded 00:07:56.379 --> 00:07:59.379 that 00:07:59.379 --> 00:08:02.379 to reconcile the heart and honor the son of al-Aswad, 00:08:02.379 --> 00:08:06.370 Qarib ibn al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:08:06.370 --> 00:08:09.620 Second: The Delegation of the Kings of Himyar. 00:08:09.620 --> 00:08:12.620 News had spread among all the Arabs 00:08:12.620 --> 00:08:15.620 of the victory of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:08:15.620 --> 00:08:18.620 over Quraysh and other tribes 00:08:18.620 --> 00:08:21.620 surrounding Mecca and Medina. 00:08:21.620 --> 00:08:24.620 In fact, the strength of the Muslims had grown to such an extent 00:08:24.620 --> 00:08:27.620 that they reached the point of engaging the Roman 00:08:27.620 --> 00:08:30.620 Empire at Mu'tah, 00:08:30.620 --> 00:08:33.620 and subsequently preparing to fight them at Tabuk. 00:08:33.620 --> 00:08:36.620 This was something that had never crossed 00:08:36.620 --> 00:08:39.620 the minds of the Arabs at that time. 00:08:39.620 --> 00:08:42.659 Among those who received these reports 00:08:42.659 --> 00:08:45.659 were the Arabs of Yemen in the south of the Peninsula, 00:08:45.659 --> 00:08:48.659 who realized then that nothing was 00:08:48.659 --> 00:08:51.659 better or more paramount than submission 00:08:51.659 --> 00:08:54.659 and responding to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). 00:08:54.659 --> 00:08:57.750 Thus, the kings of Himyar sent, 00:08:57.750 --> 00:09:00.750 in the month of Ramadan of the ninth year of the Hijrah, 00:09:00.750 --> 00:09:03.750 a letter to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:09:03.750 --> 00:09:06.750 informing him of their acceptance of Islam 00:09:06.750 --> 00:09:09.750 and their renunciation of polytheism and its adherents. 00:09:09.750 --> 00:09:12.750 They were al-Harith ibn Abd Kulal, 00:09:12.750 --> 00:09:15.750 Nu'aym ibn Abd Kulal, 00:09:15.750 --> 00:09:18.750 al-Nu'man, ruler of Dhu Yazan, 00:09:18.750 --> 00:09:21.779 Ma'afir, and Hamdan. 00:09:21.779 --> 00:09:24.779 They dispatched the letter with Zur'ah Dhu Yazan 00:09:24.779 --> 00:09:27.779 and Malik ibn Murrah al-Rahawi. 00:09:27.779 --> 00:09:30.779 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied to them 00:09:30.779 --> 00:09:33.779 with a letter praising Allah Almighty 00:09:33.779 --> 00:09:36.779 for their acceptance of Islam, 00:09:36.779 --> 00:09:39.779 in which he explained to them several Islamic rulings 00:09:39.779 --> 00:09:42.779 such as zakat, spoils of war, and the jizyah tax, 00:09:42.779 --> 00:09:45.779 and outlined the rights of the believers 00:09:45.779 --> 00:09:48.909 as well as those under a covenant. 00:09:48.909 --> 00:09:51.909 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) dispatched 00:09:51.909 --> 00:09:54.909 a group of his Companions, appointing as their leader 00:09:54.909 --> 00:09:57.909 Mu'adh ibn Jabal, 00:09:57.909 --> 00:10:00.909 placing him over the upper province toward Aden, 00:10:00.909 --> 00:10:03.940 between al-Sukun and al-Sakasik. 00:10:03.940 --> 00:10:06.940 He served as a judge, a commander in times of war, 00:10:06.940 --> 00:10:09.940 an administrator responsible for collecting charity and the jizyah, 00:10:09.940 --> 00:10:12.940 He entrusted him with leading them in the five daily prayers. 00:10:12.940 --> 00:10:15.940 And he dispatched Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:10:15.940 --> 00:10:18.940 over the lower region: 00:10:18.940 --> 00:10:21.940 Zabid, Ma'rib, Zama', and the coastal plain. 00:10:21.940 --> 00:10:24.940 He instructed them: "Make things easy, and do not make them difficult. 00:10:24.940 --> 00:10:27.940 Give glad tidings, and do not drive people away. 00:10:27.940 --> 00:10:30.940 Cooperate with each other, and do not differ." 00:10:30.940 --> 00:10:34.100 Mu'adh remained in Yemen 00:10:34.100 --> 00:10:37.100 until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) passed away. 00:10:38.100 --> 00:10:41.100 As for Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:10:41.100 --> 00:10:44.100 he came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:10:44.100 --> 00:10:47.100 during the Farewell Pilgrimage. 00:10:47.100 --> 00:10:50.419 This noble stance by the kings of Himyar 00:10:50.419 --> 00:10:53.419 is a virtue among their virtues 00:10:53.419 --> 00:10:56.419 and a meritorious legacy among their legacies, 00:10:56.419 --> 00:10:59.419 for they declared their Islam 00:10:59.419 --> 00:11:02.419 and severed ties with polytheism and the polytheists, 00:11:02.419 --> 00:11:05.419 without war, stubbornness, or conditions— 00:11:05.419 --> 00:11:08.419 unlike what Thaqif did— 00:11:08.419 --> 00:11:11.419 and they facilitated the mission of the envoys of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent 00:11:11.419 --> 00:11:14.419 to them, including Mu'adh, Abu Musa, 00:11:14.419 --> 00:11:17.419 Khalid, and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:11:17.419 --> 00:11:21.539 And in this event 00:11:21.539 --> 00:11:24.539 there are lessons: First, 00:11:24.539 --> 00:11:27.539 the importance of exercising sound judgment and wisdom, 00:11:27.539 --> 00:11:30.539 prioritizing them over being deceived by mere force. 00:11:30.539 --> 00:11:33.700 Second, demonstrating the impact... 00:11:34.700 --> 00:11:37.700 Third, 00:11:37.700 --> 00:11:40.860 true Islam requires 00:11:40.860 --> 00:11:43.860 a person to accept it in its entirety, 00:11:43.860 --> 00:11:46.860 not to select only what accords with his desires 00:11:46.860 --> 00:11:49.860 while abandoning the rest. 00:11:49.860 --> 00:11:53.090 Fourth, 00:11:53.090 --> 00:11:56.090 acquiring understanding of the religion and eagerness for knowledge 00:11:56.090 --> 00:11:59.090 is the path to praiseworthy leadership. 00:11:59.090 --> 00:12:02.470 Fifth, 00:12:02.470 --> 00:12:05.470 the validity of sending teachers and guides 00:12:05.470 --> 00:12:08.470 to instruct people and grant them understanding of Allah's religion. 00:12:08.470 --> 00:12:13.620 Ramadan: Events and Lessons.