1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:07,629 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 3 00:00:07,629 --> 00:00:12,820 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar. 4 00:00:12,820 --> 00:00:16,170 Surah al-Hashr. 5 00:00:16,170 --> 00:00:22,800 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 6 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:32,250 “Hast thou not observed those who are hypocrites, (how) they tell their brethren who disbelieve among the People of the Scripture: If ye are driven out, we surely will go out with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, and if ye are attacked we verily will help you. And Allah beareth witness that they verily are liars.” (59:11) 7 00:00:32,250 --> 00:00:57,920 “Hast thou not observed those who are hypocrites, (how) they tell their brethren who disbelieve among the People of the Scripture: If ye are driven out, we surely will go out with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, and if ye are attacked we verily will help you. And Allah beareth witness that they verily are liars.” (59:11) 8 00:00:57,920 --> 00:01:00,920 Have you not considered with the eye of your heart, O Muhammad? 9 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:06,920 “Hast thou not observed those who are hypocrites, (how) they tell their brethren who disbelieve among the People of the Scripture: If ye are driven out, we surely will go out with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, and if ye are attacked we verily will help you. And Allah beareth witness that they verily are liars.” (59:11) 10 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:17,920 "If you are expelled from your homes and dwellings, we will surely leave with you and depart from our own homes and dwellings alongside you." 11 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:24,920 "We will not obey anyone who asks us to abandon you or cease supporting you; rather, we shall remain with you." 12 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:31,920 "And if Muhammad and those with him fight you, we will surely support you, O people of Banu al-Nadir, against them." 13 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:40,950 And Allah bears witness that these hypocrites, who promised the Banu al-Nadir support against Muhammad, peace be upon him, 14 00:01:40,950 --> 00:01:45,950 are liars in the promises they made to them. 15 00:01:45,950 --> 00:02:12,780 If they are expelled, they will not leave with them; if they are fought, they will not support them; and if they were to support them, they would surely turn their backs and flee, and then they would not be helped. 16 00:02:13,780 --> 00:02:24,710 If the Banu al-Nadir are expelled from their homes and driven out, the hypocrites who promised them they would leave their homes will not leave with them. 17 00:02:24,710 --> 00:02:32,710 And if Muhammad, peace be upon him, fights them, the hypocrites who promised them support will not aid them. 18 00:02:32,710 --> 00:02:36,710 And if the hypocrites were to support the Banu al-Nadir, 19 00:02:36,710 --> 00:02:42,710 they would surely turn their backs in flight from Muhammad, peace be upon him, and his Companions, 20 00:02:42,710 --> 00:02:46,710 fleeing from them, having abandoned them. 21 00:02:46,710 --> 00:02:52,710 Then Allah will not grant the Banu al-Nadir victory over Muhammad, peace be upon him, and his Companions; 22 00:02:52,710 --> 00:02:54,710 rather, He will abandon them. 23 00:02:54,710 --> 00:03:09,379 “Ye are more awful as a fear in their bosoms than Allah. That is because they are a folk who understand not.” (59:13) 24 00:03:09,379 --> 00:03:17,310 You, O believers, are more terrifying in the hearts of the Jews of Banu al-Nadir than Allah is. 25 00:03:17,310 --> 00:03:21,310 They fear you more than they fear Allah. 26 00:03:21,310 --> 00:03:30,310 This fear you inspire in the hearts of these Jews exists because they are a people who do not comprehend the magnitude of Allah’s greatness. 27 00:03:30,310 --> 00:03:33,310 Consequently, they treat His disobedience lightly. 28 00:03:33,310 --> 00:03:38,979 And they do not fear His punishment as much as they fear you. 29 00:03:38,979 --> 00:03:48,979 “They will not fight against you in a body save in fortified villages or from behind walls. Their adversity among themselves is very great. Ye think of them as a whole whereas their hearts are divers. That is because they are a folk who have no sense.” (59:14) 30 00:03:48,979 --> 00:04:05,689 “They will not fight against you in a body save in fortified villages or from behind walls. Their adversity among themselves is very great. Ye think of them as a whole whereas their hearts are divers. That is because they are a folk who have no sense.” (59:14) 31 00:04:05,689 --> 00:04:10,689 These Jews of Banu al-Nadir will not fight you all together, 32 00:04:10,689 --> 00:04:13,689 except from within fortified villages. 33 00:04:13,689 --> 00:04:18,689 They will not face you in open combat, nor from behind walls. 34 00:04:18,689 --> 00:04:23,689 The enmity among these disbelievers of the Jews is intense. 35 00:04:23,689 --> 00:04:29,689 You would think the hypocrites and the People of the Book are united, their words in agreement, 36 00:04:29,689 --> 00:04:33,689 yet their hearts are divided due to their mutual hostility. 37 00:04:33,689 --> 00:04:39,689 This state of affairs I have described to you regarding these Jews and hypocrites 38 00:04:39,689 --> 00:04:43,689 is because they are a people who do not understand what is to their benefit, 39 00:04:43,689 --> 00:04:47,689 nor what results in their loss and deficiency. 40 00:04:47,689 --> 00:04:58,360 “On the likeness of those (who suffered) a short time before them, they taste the ill-effects of their own conduct, and theirs is painful punishment.” (59:15) 41 00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:04,029 The example of these Jews of Banu al-Nadir and the hypocrites 42 00:05:04,029 --> 00:05:08,029 regarding what Allah is doing to them by inflicting His punishment upon them, 43 00:05:08,029 --> 00:05:11,029 “On the likeness of those (who suffered) a short time before them, they taste the ill-effects of their own conduct, and theirs is painful punishment.” (59:15) 44 00:05:11,029 --> 00:05:14,029 is that they have received Allah’s punishment for their disbelief in Him. 45 00:05:14,029 --> 00:05:20,029 And in the Hereafter, along with the disgrace they suffered in this world, they shall have a painful torment. 46 00:05:20,029 --> 00:05:26,540 It is like the example of Satan when he said to man, "Disbelieve." 47 00:05:26,540 --> 00:05:37,540 “(And the hypocrites are) on the likeness of the devil when he telleth man to disbelieve, then, when he disbelieveth saith: Lo! I am quit of thee. Lo! I fear Allah, the Lord of the Worlds.” (59:16) 48 00:05:37,540 --> 00:05:44,829 “And the consequence for both will be that they are in the Fire, therein abiding. Such is the reward of evil-doers.” (59:17) 49 00:05:44,829 --> 00:05:49,829 And that is the recompense of the wrongdoers. 50 00:05:49,829 --> 00:05:56,829 The example of these hypocrites who promised the Jews of Banu al-Nadir support, 51 00:05:56,829 --> 00:05:58,829 "I fear Allah," 52 00:05:59,829 --> 00:06:08,470 the example of these hypocrites who promised the Jews of Banu al-Nadir support if they were fought, 53 00:06:08,470 --> 00:06:11,470 or to leave with them if they were expelled, 54 00:06:11,470 --> 00:06:16,470 and the example of the hypocrites in their deception by breaking their promise, 55 00:06:16,470 --> 00:06:21,470 and abandoning them when they were in dire need of them, 56 00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:24,470 is like the example of Satan who deceived a human, 57 00:06:24,470 --> 00:06:30,470 and promised him support when he needed it if he would follow him and disbelieve in Allah. 58 00:06:30,470 --> 00:06:34,470 So he disbelieved in Allah, followed him, and obeyed him. 59 00:06:34,470 --> 00:06:38,470 But when he needed his support, he abandoned him and disowned him, 60 00:06:38,470 --> 00:06:44,470 saying to him, "I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds," regarding helping you. 61 00:06:44,470 --> 00:06:50,470 The outcome for Satan and the human who obeyed him and disbelieved in Allah 62 00:06:51,470 --> 00:06:56,470 is that they will both abide in the Fire, remaining there forever. 63 00:06:56,470 --> 00:06:59,470 That is the reward for the Jews of Banu al-Nadir, 64 00:06:59,470 --> 00:07:02,470 and the hypocrites who promised them support, 65 00:07:02,470 --> 00:07:07,470 and every disbeliever in Allah who wrongs himself through his disbelief in Him, 66 00:07:07,470 --> 00:07:10,470 that they will abide in the Fire. 67 00:07:21,180 --> 00:07:29,180 Fear Allah; indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do. 68 00:07:29,180 --> 00:07:34,009 O you who have believed in Allah and affirmed His Oneness, 69 00:07:34,009 --> 00:07:39,009 fear Allah by performing His obligatory duties and avoiding His prohibitions. 70 00:07:39,009 --> 00:07:44,009 And let every soul look to what it has sent forth for the Day of Resurrection of deeds, 71 00:07:44,009 --> 00:07:50,009 whether they are righteous deeds that will save it, or evil deeds that will ruin it. 72 00:07:50,009 --> 00:07:55,009 Fear Allah, for He has knowledge and awareness of your deeds, both good and evil. 73 00:07:55,009 --> 00:07:58,009 Nothing of them is hidden from Him. 74 00:07:58,009 --> 00:08:01,810 And He will recompense you for all of them. 75 00:08:01,810 --> 00:08:09,810 “And be not ye as those who forgot Allah, therefor He caused them to forget their souls. Such are the evil-doers.” (59:19) 76 00:08:09,810 --> 00:08:15,290 Those are the defiantly disobedient. 77 00:08:15,290 --> 00:08:21,290 Do not be like those who neglected to perform the duty to Allah that He obligated upon them, 78 00:08:21,290 --> 00:08:23,290 so He made them forget themselves. 79 00:08:23,290 --> 00:08:28,290 It means Allah made them forget their own share of good deeds. 80 00:08:28,290 --> 00:08:32,289 Those who forgot Allah are the defiantly disobedient, 81 00:08:32,289 --> 00:08:36,289 meaning those who departed from the obedience of Allah into His disobedience. 82 00:08:36,289 --> 00:08:43,929 “Not equal are the owners of the Fire and the owners of the Garden. The owners of the Garden, they are the victorious.” (59:20) 83 00:08:43,929 --> 00:08:52,470 “Not equal are the owners of the Fire and the owners of the Garden. The owners of the Garden, they are the victorious.” (59:20) 84 00:08:52,470 --> 00:08:55,470 The people of the Fire and the people of Paradise are not equal. 85 00:08:55,470 --> 00:08:58,470 The people of Paradise are the successful ones, 86 00:08:58,470 --> 00:09:06,019 meaning they are those who attained what they sought and desired, and are saved from what they feared. 87 00:09:06,019 --> 00:09:14,019 “If We had caused this Qur'an to descend upon a mountain, thou (O Muhammad) verily hadst seen it humbled, rent asunder by the fear of Allah. Such similitudes coin We for mankind that haply they may reflect.” (59:21) 88 00:09:14,019 --> 00:09:22,019 “If We had caused this Qur'an to descend upon a mountain, thou (O Muhammad) verily hadst seen it humbled, rent asunder by the fear of Allah. Such similitudes coin We for mankind that haply they may reflect.” (59:21) 89 00:09:22,019 --> 00:09:31,940 And these examples We present to the people so that they might reflect. 90 00:09:31,940 --> 00:09:35,940 If We had sent down this Qur'an upon a mountain—which is stone— 91 00:09:35,940 --> 00:09:42,940 you would have seen it, O Muhammad, humbled and splitting asunder from the fear of Allah, despite its hardness, 92 00:09:42,940 --> 00:09:48,940 out of caution that it might fail to fulfill the right of Allah obligated upon it in revering the Qur'an. 93 00:09:48,940 --> 00:09:53,940 Yet it has been sent down to the son of Adam, while he treats it with disregard, 94 00:09:53,940 --> 00:09:57,940 and turns away from it and from the lessons and reminders it contains. 95 00:09:57,940 --> 00:10:01,940 “And when Our revelations are recited unto him he turneth away in pride as if he heard them not, as if there were a deafness in his ears. So give him tidings of a painful doom.” (31:7) 96 00:10:01,940 --> 00:10:05,940 These things We liken for the people. 97 00:10:05,940 --> 00:10:09,940 And Allah presents these examples for them so that they might reflect upon them, 98 00:10:09,940 --> 00:10:14,059 and turn back in repentance and submit to the truth. 99 00:10:26,830 --> 00:10:30,830 The One from whose fear the mountain would split, O people, 100 00:10:30,830 --> 00:10:35,830 is the Worshipped One, to whom alone worship and divinity are due. 101 00:10:35,830 --> 00:10:38,830 “Lo! Allah is the Knower of the Unseen of the heavens and the earth. Lo! He is Aware of the secret of (men's) breasts.” (35:38) 102 00:10:38,830 --> 00:10:41,830 We witness what is in them of what is seen and perceived. 103 00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:48,470 He is the Most Gracious in this world and the Hereafter, and Most Merciful to those who believe in Him. 104 00:10:48,470 --> 00:10:59,470 “He is Allah, than Whom there is no other Allah, the Sovereign Lord, the Holy One, Peace, the Keeper of Faith, the Guardian, the Majestic, the Compeller, the Superb. Glorified be Allah from all that they ascribe as partner (unto Him).” (59:23) 105 00:10:59,470 --> 00:11:05,470 “He is Allah, than Whom there is no other Allah, the Sovereign Lord, the Holy One, Peace, the Keeper of Faith, the Guardian, the Majestic, the Compeller, the Superb. Glorified be Allah from all that they ascribe as partner (unto Him).” (59:23) 106 00:11:05,470 --> 00:11:10,470 Exalted is Allah above what they associate with Him. 107 00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:15,139 He is the Worshipped One to whom alone worship is fitting. 108 00:11:15,139 --> 00:11:21,139 The Sovereign, above whom there is no sovereign, and nothing exists except below Him. 109 00:11:21,139 --> 00:11:25,139 The Blessed, from whose injustice His creation is safe. 110 00:11:25,139 --> 00:11:28,139 And the One who grants security to His creation from His injustice. 111 00:11:28,139 --> 00:11:32,139 The Witness, the Trustworthy, the Confirmer. 112 00:11:32,139 --> 00:11:37,139 Allah is truthful in everything He has related about the past of this world, 113 00:11:37,139 --> 00:11:40,139 and what remains, and what He has related about the Hereafter. 114 00:11:40,139 --> 00:11:45,240 The Severe in retribution against those from whom He takes vengeance among His enemies. 115 00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:47,240 The One who sets right the affairs of His creation, 116 00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:50,240 directing them toward what is in their best interest. 117 00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:53,240 He is exalted above every evil. 118 00:11:53,240 --> 00:11:58,299 This is in glorification of Allah and declaring Him free from the polytheism of those who associate partners with Him. 119 00:11:58,299 --> 00:12:04,039 “He is Allah, the Creator, the Shaper out of naught, the Fashioner. His are the most beautiful names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifieth Him, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.” (59:24) 120 00:12:04,039 --> 00:12:08,039 To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names. 121 00:12:08,039 --> 00:12:13,039 “He is Allah, the Creator, the Shaper out of naught, the Fashioner. His are the most beautiful names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorifieth Him, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.” (59:24) 122 00:12:13,039 --> 00:12:18,039 And He is the Almighty, the All-Wise. 123 00:12:18,039 --> 00:12:20,940 He is the Worshipped Creator, 124 00:12:20,940 --> 00:12:24,940 for whom there is no other deity worthy of worship, 125 00:12:24,940 --> 00:12:26,940 and no creator besides Him. 126 00:12:26,940 --> 00:12:31,940 The Originator who brought creation into existence by His power. 127 00:12:31,940 --> 00:12:35,970 The Fashioner who shapes His creation however He wills and as He wills. 128 00:12:35,970 --> 00:12:37,970 To Allah belong the Most Beautiful Names. 129 00:12:37,970 --> 00:12:41,970 Everything in the heavens and the earth glorifies Him, 130 00:12:41,970 --> 00:12:45,970 and they prostrate to Him, willingly and unwillingly. 131 00:12:45,970 --> 00:12:48,970 And He is the Severe in retribution against His enemies, 132 00:12:48,970 --> 00:12:51,970 the All-Wise in His management of His creation, 133 00:12:51,970 --> 00:12:54,970 and in directing them toward what is in their best interest. 134 00:12:54,970 --> 00:13:00,470 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.